The Challenge of Non-Communicable Diseases and Road Traffic ...

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Abstract........................................................................................................................................................................iii
Table of Contents......................................................................................................................................................... v
List of Figures.............................................................................................................................................................. vi
List of Tables...............................................................................................................................................................vii
List of Boxes...............................................................................................................................................................vii
Acknowledgements.................................................................................................................................................... ix
List of Acronyms......................................................................................................................................................... xi
Executive Summary.................................................................................................................................................... 1
1. Introduction............................................................................................................................................................. 7
The Nature of the Problem and Rationale for the Report................................................................................ 7
2. Burden of NCDs and RTIs................................................................................................................................... 11
2.1. A Health Perspective.................................................................................................................................... 11
2.2. Economic and Social Development Consequences ............................................................................... 19
3. The Drivers and Determinants of NCDs............................................................................................................ 21
3.1. NCD Risk Factors......................................................................................................................................... 21
3.2. Drivers of NCD Trends............................................................................................................................... 25
3.3. Socio-Economic Determinants and Distributions.................................................................................. 27
3.4. Commonalities between NCDs and Other Disease Groups.................................................................. 29
4. The Rationale for Public Intervention ............................................................................................................... 31
4.1. Economic Rationale .................................................................................................................................... 31
4.2. Human Capital Rationale............................................................................................................................ 33
4.3. Development Rationale............................................................................................................................... 34
5. A Comprehensive, Integrated Approach to NCDs and Road Safety ............................................................. 35
5.1. Policy Approach........................................................................................................................................... 35
5.2. Population-Level Prevention...................................................................................................................... 37
5.3. Clinical Services for Individual-level Prevention.................................................................................... 46
5.4. Therapies – Treatment, Care, and Rehabilitation.................................................................................... 48
5.5. Strengthening Health Systems.................................................................................................................... 50
5.6. Addressing Information and Research Gaps............................................................................................ 66
5.7 Role of Public and Private Employers and Businesses ............................................................................ 69
6. Conclusion............................................................................................................................................................. 71
References................................................................................................................................................................... 73
Map IBRD 39854...................................................................................................................................................... 91
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