The Challenge of Non-Communicable Diseases and Road Traffic ...
The Challenge of Non-Communicable Diseases and Road Traffic ...
The Challenge of Non-Communicable Diseases and Road Traffic ...
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An Overview 13<br />
A Rising Epidemic <strong>of</strong> NCDs <strong>and</strong> RTIs<br />
NCDs are becoming a significant burden in SSA,<br />
<strong>and</strong> RTIs are rapidly emerging as a major cause <strong>of</strong><br />
death <strong>and</strong> disability. By 2010, cerebrovascular diseases<br />
(stroke) <strong>and</strong> road injuries were already within<br />
the top 15 causes <strong>of</strong> years <strong>of</strong> life lost (YLL) for all<br />
four SSA regions, joined by ischemic heart disease<br />
(IHD), diabetes mellitus (DM), <strong>and</strong> hypertensive<br />
heart disease in Southern SSA (Table 1) [29].<br />
TABLE 1: Top 15 Leading Causes <strong>of</strong> YLL in Each Region <strong>of</strong> SSA, 2010<br />
Global<br />
rank<br />
Southern<br />
SSA<br />
Eastern<br />
SSA<br />
Central<br />
SSA<br />
Western<br />
SSA<br />
1 Ischemic heart disease 11 17 16 17<br />
2 Lower respiratory infections 2 3 4 2<br />
3 Cerebrovascular disease (stroke) 7 14 13 12<br />
4 Diarrhoeal diseases 3 4 2 3<br />
5 Malaria 14 2 1 1<br />
6 HIV/AIDS 1 1 5 4<br />
7 Pre-term birth complications 6 5 6 7<br />
8 <strong>Road</strong> injury 12 11 11 9<br />
10 Neonatal encephalopathy (incl. birth asphyxia/trauma) 9 9 10 10<br />
11 Tuberculosis 5 8 8 11<br />
12 Sepsis 18 7 12 5<br />
14 Congenital anomalies 13 15 7 15<br />
15 Protein-energy malnutrition 29 6 3 6<br />
18 Meningitis 19 10 9 8<br />
19 Diabetes mellitus 8 26 26 24<br />
20 Interpersonal violence 4 18 17 23<br />
23 Fire, heat, <strong>and</strong> hot substances 23 16 19 13<br />
27 Hypertensive heart disease 15 38 39 46<br />
28 Maternal disorders 20 13 15 14<br />
34 Exposure to mechanical forces 10 28 22 40<br />
40 Syphilis 31 12 14 18<br />
Ranking legend 1-5 6-10 11-15 16-20 21-25 26-30 31-35 36 +<br />
Source: Authors from [17, 29]