Aircrafts - Civil Aviation Authority of Sri Lanka

02 

2009 fkdjeïn¾ - 2010 ckjdß

Singapore Air Show 

The Singapore Air show, among the world's Top 3 aviation events, 

is the largest aerospace and defense event in Asia.

What’s Inside 

Contents 

Aircrafts 

A 380 02 

F 22 02 

History 

rdjK .=jka ;dËKh 

02 

fy,sfldmagrh 02 

f,dj úYd,;u u.S .=jka hdkh 

miajk mrïmrdjg wh;a f,dj kùk;u hqO .=jka hdkh 

Y%S ,dxflah .=jka .uka b;sydih 

fy,sfldmagrfha b;sydih 

.=jka fiajd b;sydih 02 

Feature Articles 

E - ticket 

wjika cjksldj 

COSCAP-SA 

02 

Y%S ,xld ksoyia .=jk 

¨la,d .=jka f;dgqm< 

úYajh 

02 

02 

m

Registered in the Department of Posts of Sri Lanka Under 

Chief Editor 

Dev Kowsala Samarajeewa 

Editor 

Chandima Kodithuwakku 

Editorial Board 

Gimhan Dabarera 

Nilantha Thennakoon 

Gayani Millawithanachchi 

Dulanjali Mapitiyage 

Circulation Manager 

Yohan Tennakoon 

Contributors 

Chandula Minuwanga 

Ashan Hettige 

Rashmi Abeysekara 

Design 

Rangana Prasad 

Photos 

Manjula Marasinghe 

Chandika Lakmal 

Editorial 

m%Odk ixialdrl 

foaõ lõi, iurÔj 

ixialdrl 

pkaÈud fldä;=jlal= 

ixialdrl uKav,h 

.sïydka onf¾rd 

ks,ka; f;kakfldaka 

.hks ñ,a,ú;dkÉÑ 

ÿ,dxc,S udmsáhf.a 

fnodyeÍï l

miq.sh od yïnkaf;dg osia;%sla 

lñgq /iaùu mej;s w;r tysoS 

isú,a .=jka fiajd wêldßfha" 

isú,a .=jka fiajd ixj¾Ok iy 

wOHdmksl tallh úiska 

bossßfha oS yïnkaf;dg 

osia;%slalh ;=< meje;aùug 

kshñ; .=jka fiajd lafIa;%h 

ms

.=jkairg jirla imsÍu ksñ;af;ka 

Y%S ,xld isú,a .=jka fiajd wêldßfha 

wOHlaI fckrd,a yd m%Odk úOdhl ks,OdÍ 

tÉ tï iS ksu,aisß ue;s;=udf.a m‚jqvh 

isú,a .=jka lafIa;%h yd iïnkaO 

oekqu iuia: Y%S ,dxflah ck;dj 

fj; ,nd §fï ux., mshjr f,i 

wdrïN lrk ,o .=jkair ff;%udisl 

iÕrdfõ isõjk l,dmh ksl=;a lrk 

wjia:dfõ Y%S ,xld isú,a .=jka fiajd 

wêldßfha wOHlaI fckrd,ajrhd 

jYfhka m%ldYhla ksl=;a lsÍug 

yelsùu uu b;d w.h fldg i% 

ixj¾Okhlg ,laùug kï kd.ßl 

ck;dj fukau .%dóh ck;djo 

tlfia oekqj;a ùu b;d jeo.;ah' 

túg meK k.sk .eg¿ 

fndfydauhlgu úi÷ï ish m%cdj 

;=

úfYaI igyk 

wg fokl=f.ka ieÿï,;a lKavdhula 2008 wfm%a,a ui§ tla jQfha 

.=jka fË;%h ms

Airbus A380 

Giant of the Skies 

The world's largest and most luxurious passenger plane 

.=jkair miq.sh l,dmfhka wm 

Tng f,dj úYd,;u NdKav 

m%jdyk .=jka hdkh jk AN 225 

hdkh y÷kajd ÿka w;r fujr 

f,dj m%uqL;u .=jka hdkd 

ksIamdok iud.ula jk thd¾ nia 

(Airbus) iud.u úiska ksmo jQ 

oejeka;hd" f,dj úYd,;u u.S 

m%jdyk .=jka hdkh jk thd¾ 

nia 380 (Airbus 380) .=jka hdkh 

ms

Singapore Airlines, Emirates, 

Qantas yd Air France hk .=jka 

iud.ï j, .=jka .uka i|yd 

fhdod .kakd w;r 2011 ckjdß 

ui olajd .=jka hdkd 59 la 

ksmojd ;sîuo úfYaIh' 

j¾I 1994 § thd¾ nia iud.u 

A 3XX kñka úYd, u.S .=jka 

hdkhla ksmoùfï jHdmD;shla 

wdrïN l

g%la r: u.skao A 380 hdkfha 

fldgia wdrËs;j m%xYh fj; 

f.k taug isÿjqKs' hdkfha ish¨ 

tl,ia lsÍfï lghq;= ksu jQ miq 

;Ska; wdf,am lsÍu i|yd hdkh 

Hamburg Finkewerder .=jka 

f;dgqm< fj; f.k hk ,È' 

A 380 hdkfha j¾.ógr 3100 l 

m%foaYfha wdf,am lsÍu i|yd jeh 

ù we;s ;Ska; m%udKh ,Sgr 3600 

ls' 

ish¨ lghq;= ksujd wjika jQ 

hdkfha w;ayod ne,Sï yd mÍËK 

lghq;= isÿ lsÍfï wNsfhda.h 

thd¾nia iud.ug ndrúK' fï 

i|yd Tjqka úiska A 380 hdkd 5la 

ksmojk ,È' 2005 wfm%a,a 27 jk 

Èk A 380 hdkh ish m%:u id¾:l 

mshießh isÿlrk ,È' hdkh meojQ 

Jacques Rosay, .=jka kshuqjd meh 

03 la iy ñks;a;= 54 l .=jka 

.uka ld,hlska wk;=rej 

;ukayg fuu A 380 hdkh —l=vd 

nhsisl,hla˜ fuka jQ nj mjid 

;snqKs' 2005 foieïn¾ ui 01 jk 

Èk hdkfha Wmßu fõ.h (Mach 

0.96) jd¾;d lrk ,o w;r 2006 

ckjdß ui 10 jk Èk hdkfha 

tkaðka j, mÍËK lghq;= 

id¾:l f,i isÿlrk ,o kuq;a 

hdkfha ;gq j, oeänj yd ord 

.ekSfï yelshdj ms

A 380 hdkfha kshuq l=áh 

z 

A 380 hdkh by< 

uyf,a u.Ska 315 

lao my< uyf,a 

u.Ska 538 la o 

/f.k hd yels 

whqßka ksujd we;' 

fuu hdkfha uq,au 

.ekqïlrejd jQ 

isx.mamQre .=jka 

iud.u mjik 

wkaoug Tjqka fï 

olajd u.Ska 

ñ,shkhla muK 

m%jdykh lr we;' 

Z 

Safety Agency - EASA) yd weußld 

tlai;a ckmo Federal Aviation 

Administration (FAA) iud.ï 

úiska A 380 hdkh ;=< u.Ska 853 

la muK iqrËs;j /f.k hd yels 

nj ;yjqre lrk ,È' 

ish¨ mÍËK lghq;= i|yd 

id¾:lj uqyqKÿka A 380 hdkh 

i|yd f,dj m%uqL rgj,ska wekjqï 

,efnkakg úh' kuq;a wod< Èkfha 

§ wjYH jQ A 380 hdkd m%udKh 

ksu lr §ug thd¾nia iud.u 

wfmdfydi;a jQ w;r ;j;a udi 6 

l muK ld,hla ta i|yd jeh 

jk nj Tjqka m%ldY lr isáhy' 

thd¾nia m%OdkSka fuhg fya;= 

f,i m%ldY lf

A 380 .=jka hdkfha ;j;a úfYaI;ajhla jkafka fuh 

ógr 80 x 80 (wä 262 x 262) fmÜáhl wiqrd 

;eîug we;s yelshdjhs' .=jka f;dgqm< j,ska iy 

.=jka iud.ï j,ska lrk ,o b,a,Sï fya;=fjka iy 

.=jka f;dgqm< we;=

Aircrafts 

A 380 .=jka hdkfha we;=

—.=jka fiajd fË;%fhka ì|la 

Y%S ,dxflah orejkg˜ 

jevigyka ud,dj 

mq;a;,u Èia;%slalh - mq;a;,u wOHdmk l

Guwansara 

16 www.guwansara.lk

fuys§ .=jka hdkhla by< 

wyfia .uka lrk úg ta foi 

n,d msgilaj, hdkhla fuka ta 

ms

djK 

.=jka ;dËKh 

www.guwansara.lk

djK wêrdcH hkq f,dj mej;s 

úYd,u wêrdcH jQ w;r tjeks 

úYd, jQ wêrdcHla md,khg 

kï úYd, mßmd,k cd,hlao 

mej;sh hq;=h' fujka mßmd,k 

cd,hla id¾:l f,i l%shd;aul 

ùug kï b;d ld¾hËu 

iïnkaëlrKhla mej;Su 

w;HdjYHh' tu iïnkaëlrKh 

,nd .; hq;af;a uyd ud._ 

yrydh (Lines of 

communication). rdjK 

wêrdcHfha uQ,ia:dkh jQfha 

fy

History 

úfYaIs; iïnkaëlrK cd,h 

.=jka moaO;sh fõ' fuh jQ l,S 

fy

Learning 

By Capt. Menaka Fernando 

to 

fly 

If becoming a pilot has crossed 

your mind, has become your 

dream, or is in your blood, it 

could be a good career to 

choose, as opportunities for 

airline pilots worldwide are on 

the rise. Flying can be a very 

rewarding profession, both in 

terms of self satisfaction and 

financially. Many consider it to 

be a dream job, but perhaps 

have an unrealistic perception 

about what it is really like. In 

reality, the job commands a 

great deal of personal 

commitment, self-sacrifice and 

most importantly EDUCATION! 

www.guwansara.lk 

A career in aviation is 

fundamentally about aircraft, 

aircraft operations, flight 

operations, and the 

environment, especially weather 

conditions. However, aviation is 

also about people and how they 

function especially in the 

aircraft. Pilots are employed in 

one of four areas: passenger 

scheduled services, passenger 

charter services, freight services 

and general aviation. The latter 

is the biggest sector worldwide 

and includes, private aircraft, 

flying schools and transport 

companies. 

A generation or two ago, flying 

an aircraft was considered a 

man's job as most aircraft up to 

the end of the 1950's required 

considerable muscle power to 

manoeuvre and operate. The 

aircraft were unsophisticated 

and required greater physical 

rather than mental skills. 

However, with the advent of 

modern automation and 'fly-bywire' 

type aircraft, the control 

21

inputs of the pilot simply 

command the computers which 

in turn move the aircraft 

controls. Muscular power is not 

required in the manipulation of 

aircraft. The understanding and 

management of the automation 

takes importance over brute 

force. 

Today, advanced 

planes, like the Airbus 

A 340 and A 380 and 

Boeing's 777 and 787 

models, require little of 

the hands-on flying skill 

that older models 

needed. Although 

aircraft have had 

autopilots to keep level 

and make simple turns; 

with the newest 

equipment pilots can 

programme the flight 

management 

computers, by pushing 

a few buttons and 

monitoring the 

systems, to enable the 

plane to fly to its 

destination and land on 

a predetermined 

runway. 

Today modern technology is 

advancing at a great pace and 

electronic, information and 

aviation technology keeps 

developing with added 

momentum. Today, advanced 

planes, like the Airbus A340 and 

A 380 and Boeing's 777 and 787 

models, require little of the 

hands-on flying skill that older 

models needed. Although 

aircraft have had autopilots to 

keep level and make simple 

turns; with the newest 

equipment pilots can 

programme the flight 

management computers, by 

pushing a few buttons and 

monitoring the systems, to 

enable the plane to fly to its 

destination and land on a 

predetermined runway. 

Virtually every calculation is 

made by computer. Complex 

navigation systems and 

reduction of crew members to 

merely two from the earlier 

three or four mean that the 

pilots are required to “manage” 

rather than “manipulate” the 

aircraft systems which are 

automated. The technical 

background required from the 

pilots is more to do with 

understanding systems and 

trouble shoot whenever 

required, using electronic means 

rather than to memorize 

procedures and to use physical 

skills. 

So, if everything is made this 

easy, why should a pilot be 

academically educated? There is 

more than one answer to this 

question. The environment in 

which aircraft operate has 

become crowded. As a result 

more aircraft are placed in 

smaller airspaces than ever 

before using satellite navigation 

and other sophisticated 

electronic measures to “see” 

other aircraft – such as TCAS 

(Traffic Collision Avoidance 

Systems). Communications 

between ground and aircraft are 

increasingly via datacommunication 

links rather than 

traditional voice 

communications, making the 

understanding of computer 

technology more important in 

operation of aircraft. 

Thus the operation of aircraft via 

management using one's brain 

rather than brawn requires a 

better educated person in the 

flight deck. Crew Resource 

Management (CRM) has become 

22 www.guwansara.lk

the catch-phrase of the aviation 

industry and Threat and Error 

Management (TEM) is the way 

to fly an aircraft from A to B. 

Today the basic level of 

education for a pilot must 

advance at least to a Bachelor's 

degree, if they are to keep pace 

with such changes and 

developments. This is especially 

important, keeping in view that 

the education system in Sri 

Lanka is not all that realistic and 

not in keeping with world 

developments and trends. 

Reputable airlines the world 

over induct graduate pilots into 

their staff. In the US and 

Singapore for instance, if you 

want to be a pilot for a major 

airline, you should also get your 

Bachelor's Degree. The mental 

capacity demonstrated by 

obtaining a Degree is an 

indication to the airline of the 

pilot's mental capabilities. 

However, this is not always the 

case for regional carriers. To be 

a pilot in an airline in Sri Lanka 

all one needs is O/L- A/L and 

approximately 250 flight hours 

plus a type rating in the aircraft 

that the airline flies. (Pilot 

requirements differ with airlines 

and can change over time). 

Today's Airline pilots are 

responsible not only for the safe 

and economic operation of the 

aircraft, but also a number of 

other tasks which include, 

acquiring information on route 

weather, working out a flight 

plan, supervising the loading 

and fuelling of the aircraft, preflight 

checks on the navigation 

and operating systems, 

communicating with air traffic, 

interpreting complex data, 

reacting promptly and 

appropriately to environmental 

changes and emergencies and 

coping with incidents or 

problems with the aircraft. 

Please bear in mind, that a 

pilot's flying licence is literally a 

licence, and does not carry any 

academic educational weight. 

This licence has a validity period 

of 6 months/one year and may 

be reinstated or revoked based 

entirely on his/her medical 

status. Thus a pilot's career 

realistically exists only for this 

duration - until his/her next 

medical examination. In the 

event of a pilot losing his/her 

licence, they may or may not 

find alternate employment in 

the organization. This is where 

an academic qualification would 

be useful. He/she could as a 

graduate get into management 

and administration in aviation 

operations at a higher level. 

There are Bachelor of Science 

(aviation) courses designed for 

those seeking a graduate career 

in the Aviation industry.

www.guwansara.lk

ìì, wOHdmk l

2009 fkdjeïn¾ - 2010 ckjdß 

YS% ,xld 

ksoyia .=jfka 

wisrsh ú|.uq 

miq .sh ld,jljdkqj ;=< 

mej;s hqO jd;djrKh 

ksidfjka wyfia fndfyda 

ls%hdldrlï i|yd iSud mekù 

;snqKo oeka ta iSud bj;a lr 

úúO ls%hdldrlï i|yd ,xld 

wyi újD;j we;' 

YS% ,xld ksoyia .=jfka wisßh 

ú|Sug oeka Tng;a wjia:dj t

y÷kdf.k we;s w;r oekgu;a 

jdKscuh jYfhka neÆk 

fufyhqï lghq;= wrUd we;' 

hdka;s%l .a,hsv¾ (Powered 

Glider)" w;ska yiqrejk .a,hsv¾ 

(Hand Gliding)" uqyqÿ merIqg 

Ndú;h (Para Sailing)" merd 

.a,hsäka (Para Gliding) fukau 

cd;Hka;r keõ ud¾. i|yd 

fiajd iemhSu i|yd 

fy,sfldmag¾ fufyhqï wdrïN 

lr Èß .ekaùuo isÿ l< yelsh' 

YS% ,xldj f.dvìula ;=< mj;sk 

jeäu c, uQ,dY% m%udKhlg 

ysñlï lshk w;r, c,pr .=jka 

hdkd fufyhqï fï jk úg;a 

wrUd we;' fuysoS fld.a., jej" 

le

fldialema ol=Kq wdishd 

jevigyfkys (COSCAP – SA, Coorporative 

Development of 

Operational Safety & Continuing 

Airworthiness Programme) 20 

jk kshdul lñgq /iaùu miq.sh 

wfm%a,a 05 - 08 jkod olajd 

fld

fldialema jevigyfka úfYaI wjia:d 


29

fuu uyÕ= wruqfKys mshjrla 

f,i YS% ,xlka .=jka iud.u wm 

cd;sh i;= lr .ekSuo, m%Odk 

jYfhka wvq iïm;a ,dNSkaf.a 

myiqj i|yd ñyska ,xld .=jka 

fiajh wdrïN lsÍuo jeo.;a uq,a 

mshjrhkaa fõ' .=jka iud.ï 

fufyhqï lghq;= m%n, ndysr 

idOl u; fjkia jk njo, 

miq.sh ld,fha§ we;sjQ id¾ia 

jix.;h, .=jka hdkd bkaOk 

ñ, wêl f,i by< hdu, 

fl%äÜm;a .eg¨j hkd§ lreKq 

wêl f,i n,mE njo Tyq 

;jÿrg;a mejiSh' f,dalfha úúO 

rgj, .=jka hdkd iud.ï by; 

fya;+ka u; úYd, uQ,H 

w¾nqohlg uqyqK ÿka njo 

iuyr iud.ï jid oeóug isÿ jQ 

njo fmkajd ÿka .re wud;H;=ud 

wm rfgys cd;sl .=jka fiajdjka 

fol" fuu ;;ajhg id¾:lj 

uqyqK ÿka njo i|yka lf

jd¾;d fkdjQ rdcHhla jk w;r 

fuu rdcHh ksremøs;;d 

jevigyk yryd .=jka u.S 

ck;djg wdrËs;jQ .=jka fiajd 

meje;aùu ms

u;a;, cd;Hka;r .=jka f;dgqm< 

2012 wjidkfha§ 

újD; lsÍug lghq;= iQodkï 

j;auka ckdêm;s w;s.re uyskao rdcmË 

ue;s;=udf.a ixl,amhlg wkqj fvd,¾ ñ,shk 

209 l úhoñka bÈflfrk u;a;, cd;Hka;r 

.=jka f;dgqm< ol=Kq m

udjke,a, 

wOHdmk l

Y%S ,xlka .=jka iud.ug 

kùk A 320 .=jka hdkdjla 

Y%S ,xlka .=jka iud.u úiska wdkkhkh lrk 

,o kùk;u A 320-200 .=jka hdkh miq.shod 

lgqkdhl .=jka f;dgqm< fj; f.dvniaijk ,È' 

furgg meñKs hdkfha isú,a .=jka fiajd wud;H 

.re mshxlr chr;ak uy;d iy Y%S ,xlka .=jka 

iud.fï iNdm;s ksYdka; úl%uisxy uy;d we;=¨ 

úfYaI msßila o jQ w;r Tjqka ms

wßfika wyqnqÿ Y+ßka oefhka iuq.kS 

isú,a .=jka fiajd wêldÍ 

f;aud .Sho t;=udf.a ks¾udKhla 

isxy, NdIdfõ Wkak;shg uy;a fufyjrla bgq l< 

úh;l=f.a iuq .ekSu miq.sh uehs ui 26 jk Èk isÿúh' 

wßfika wyqnqÿ Y+ßka fy< .S; idys;Hfha wm w;ßka uelS 

fkdhk wre;anr .S; jeä m%udKhla rpkd lr we;s w;r 

úúO wdh;k i|yd f;aud .S rpkfhkao ish odhl;ajh 

,nd § we;' 

YS% ,xld isú,a .=jka fiajd wêldÍ f;aud .S;ho t;=ud 

w;ska ìys jQ .S; rpkhls' wßfika wyqnqÿ Y+ßkag olajk 

f.!rjhla jYfhka fuu f;aud .S;h .=jkair mdGl Tng 

f.kyer oelaùug wm woyia lf

The World's 

f,dj m%:u 

mshdUk fydag,h

first flying hotel 

The Hotelicopter 

First Helicopter Hotel In the world has been inaugurated in UAE. 

First trip took off from Dubai Airport on June 6, 2011 

Dimensions Length: 

Height: 

42 m (137 ft) 

28m (91 ft) 

Maximum Takeoff Weight: 105850 kg (232,870 lb) 

Maximum speed: 255 km/h (137 kt) (158 miles/h) 

mshdUk fydag,hl ksjdvqj 

.; lsÍug Tng;a wjia:dj 

,efí kï th fl;rï 

wdYajdokSh tlla jkq 

we;ao@ f,dj uq,au 

fy,sfldmag¾ fydag,h ish 

ux., mshießh vqndhs .=jka 

f;dgqm

ld¾hËu .=jka fiajhla 

1948 cqks 01 jk Èk YS% ,xldj 

wka;¾cd;sl isú,a .=jka fiajd 

ixúOdkfha (International Civil 

Aviation Organization - ICAO) 

idudðl;ajh ,nd .kakd ,§' ta 

wkqj YS% ,xldj cd;Hka;r .=jka 

m%jdyk l¾udka;fha fh§fï 

yelshdj ,enQ w;r cd;Hka;r 

isú,a .=jka fiajd ixúOdkh 

úiska mkjk .=jka .uka ms

kuq;a 2010 jif¾ 

meje;aùug kshñ; jQ 

cd;Hka;r isú,a .=jka 

fiajd ú.Kkfha lghq;= 

myiq ùug kï fulS 

mkf;a wjYH;dj ;Èka 

oekqKq w;r tys 

jeo.;alu j;auka isú,a 

.=jka fiajd wOHË 

fckrd,a 

tÉ tï iS ksu,aisß 

uy;d úiska wod< 

md¾Yjhka fj; oekqï 

fok ,È' tjlg jrdh 

yd isú,a .=jka fiajd 

ksfhdacH wud;H OQr 

fynjQ .re ohdY%s; 

;sfiard ue;s;=udf.a 

uQ,sl;ajfhka .re 

frdays; wfí.=Kr;ak 

ue;s;=ud fukau 

wud;HxY f,alï;=udf.a 

oeä lemùu iy 

Wkkaÿj u; ixfYdaê; 

mk;a flgqïm; 2010 

Tlaf;dn¾ 19 jk Èk 

md¾,sfïka;=fõ iïu; 

jQ w;r tu mk; 2010 

wxl 14 ork isú,a 

.=jka fiajd mk; f,i 

y÷kajhs' 

fuys§ YS% ,xldj cd;Hka;r 

m%ó;Ska ls%hdjg kexùu w;ska 

ÿ¾j, ;;ajhl isá neúka tu 

wvqmdvq iïmQ¾K l< hq;= njg 

oekqï fok ,§' YS% ,xldfõ 

mej;s uQ,sl .=jka fiajd kS;sh 

iy isú,a .=jka fiajd fr.=,dis 

h,a mek.sh tajd nj;a isú,a 

.=jka fiajd mßmd,k jHqyh 

ÿ¾j, nj;a m%udKj;a iqÿiqlï 

iys; mqyqKq ld¾hh uKav,hla 

YS% ,xldfõ isú,a .=jka fiajd 

mßmd,kh i;=j fkdue;s nj;a 

fuysÈ fy

f.da,ShlrKh uq,a nei .;a 

kQ;k iudcfha fndfyda foa isÿ 

jkafka wka;¾cd,h yrydh' 

fufia úoHqqq;a fj

úoHqqq;a álÜm;a Ndú; lrk 

u.Skag tajd mÍËd lsÍu 

(Check in) wka;¾cd,h 

Tiafiao isÿlr .; yel' 

tu.ska .=jka f;dgqm< j, 

;onoh u.yeÍugo fuu 

l%uh uyÕ= rel=,la fõ' 

álÜ mf;a hï fjkila 

lsÍug wjYH jQ úgl 

u.Skag ksfhdað;hd yuq fkdù 

ÿrl:khlska jqjo wjYH 

ldrKh isÿ lr .ekSug 

fuu.ska yelshdj ,efí' 

ksfhdað;hskg yd u.Skag we;s 

m%Odk;u jdish kï úhoï wju 

ùuhs' 

úoHqqq;a álÜm;a" m;%sld álÜm;a 

fuka .nvd lr ;eîug wjYH 

fkdùuo fuys we;s ;j;a 

jdishls' tfukau úoHqqq;a 

álÜm;a msg;a jk fõ,dj 

olajdu olajdu ksl=;a l< yels 

neúka m;%sld álÜm;a ,nd 

fkd§u .ek ìh úh hq;= ke;' 

úoHqqq;a álÜm;a u.Skg ,eîug 

ie

.=jkair fujr l,dmfhka hqO 

.=jka hdkd ldKavhg .efkk 

oekg f,dj mj;sk wê;dËKsl 

m%ydrl .=jka hdkdjla ms

F-22 Raptor ;ks wdikhla 

iy tkaðka folla iys; wê 

;dËKsl m%ydrl .=jka 

hdkhls' .=jfka isg .=jkg 

(air to air) yd .=jfka isg 

f.dvìug (air to ground) 

myr §ï hk wdldr folu 

fjk;a .=jka hdkd j,g jvd 

w;s Wiia uÜgul mj;sk 

w;r úoHq;a myr §ï 

(Electronic Attack) isÿ 

lsßfï yelshdjo fuu 

hdkdjg we;' Lockheed 

Martin yd Boeing hk .=jka 

hdkd ksIamdok iud.ï 

taldnoaOj fuu hdkh 

ksmojd we;' m%Odk rduqj" 

wú moaO;sh yd wjidk 

tl,ia lsÍfï lghq;= 

Lockheed Martin iud.fuka 

isÿ lrk w;r hdkfha ;gq" 

n| fldgi".=jka yeiqreï 

;dËK wkql,k lghq;= iy 

ish¿ .=jka kshuq Wmdx. 

ksmoùï Boeing iud.u úiska 

isÿ lrhs' 

reishdj wNsnjd hdug wjYH 

ish¨ ie

F-22 

Raptor Stealth Fighter 

TH 

F-22 Raptor, the world's premier 5 generation fighter 

Raptor hk kduh fh§ug fmr 

Super Star, Rapier hk 

kïj,skao F-22 hdkdj ye¢kajQ 

w;r tu kduhka È.= l,la 

fkdmej;=Ks' 

fï i|yd uQ,sl jYfhka fhdod 

f.k we;s —iafg,a;a ˜ (Stealth) 

;dËKh ms

F-22 

Raptor Stealth Fighter

fuys kshuq l=áh ;=< 

WmlrK iajhxlS%hj 

l%shdlrk w;r 

nyqld¾h ;sr yd ixfõÈ 

;sr kshuqjdf.a 

ysiauÜgug we;s ;sr 

olakg ,efí' fjk;a 

hdkd j, fuka fkdj 

ish¿u ld¾hhka 

iajhxl%shj isÿjk 

neúka kshuqjdg b;d 

myiqh' kshuq l=á 

wdjrKho b;d úYd, 

neúka mq¿,a mrdihla 

kshuqjdg Èiafõ' hdkdj 

mK .ekaùu mjd b;d 

myiq jk 

F-22 Raptor ys kshuq 

l=áh kshuqjdf.a lsisu 

ueÈy;a ùulska f;drj 

mQ¾K iajhxl%sh iy 

iajdëkj lghq;= lsÍug 

yelshdj o mj;S' 

ld,.=Ksl ;;aj j,g Tfrd;a;= 

fkd§u jeks fodAI o 

F-22 Raptor ys olakg 

fkd,efí' 

F-22 Raptor ys f¾vd¾ moaO;sh 

fjk;a lsisu m%ydrl hdkdjl 

olakg fkdue;s j¾.fha 

moaO;shls' wk;=re weÕùfï 

f¾vd¾ o wfOdarla; yd 

mdrcïnq, lsrK u.ska i;=re 

ñihs, y÷kd .ekSfï f¾vd¾ yd 

fjk;a ;rx. ,nd .ekSug 

ksmojk ,o l=vd wekagkd j¾. 

30 la muK tlg iúlrk ,o 

f¾vdrhlao fï w;r fõ' 


AN/ALR-94, AN/AAR-56 yd 

AN/APG-77 tu f¾vd¾ j¾. 

fõ' fïjd ish,a, ´kEu 

ld,.=Ksl ;;ajhla hgf;a o;a; 

,nd foa' AN/APG-77 f¾vdrh 

u.ska tljr i;=re b,lal 

lsysmhlg myr §fï yelshdj 

we;s lrhs' ;jo tu.ska i;=re 

hdkd j, ixfõÈ WmlrK wvd, 

lsÍfï yelshdjla o mj;S' th 

Electronic Attack kñka 

y÷kajhs' 

fuys kshuq l=áh ;=< WmlrK 

iajhxlS%hj l%shdlrk w;r 

nyqld¾h ;sr yd ixfõÈ ;sr 

fukau kshuqjdf.a ysiauÜgug 

we;s ;sro olakg ,efí' fjk;a 

hdkd j, fuka fkdj ish¿u 

ld¾hhka iajhxl%shj isÿjk 

neúka kshuqjdg b;d myiqh' 

kshuq l=á wdjrKho b;d úYd, 

neúka mq¿,a mrdihla kshuqjdg 

Èiafõ' hdkdj mK .ekaùu mjd 

b;d myiq jk F-22 Raptor ys 

kshuq l=áh kshuqjdf.a lsisu 

ueÈy;a ùulska f;drj mQ¾K 

iajhxl%sh iy iajdëkj lghq;= 

lsÍug yelshdj o mj;S' ;jo 

we;eï úg N+ñfha lsisÿ md,k 

uOHia:dkhl Wmldrhla 

fkdue;sj tieKska o;a; fidhd 

lghq;= lsÍfï yelshdjla o fuu 

hdkh i;=h' 

F-22 Raptor, wú n,h w;ska 

b;d by< uÜgul mj;sk w;r 

myr fok wdldr mjd fjk;a 

hdkd j,g jvd fjkiah' 

Raptor ys wNHka;r wú .nvd 

lrk m%Odk l=á 3ls' hdkh ueo 

yd fomi fïjd msysgd we;' ueo 

l=áh ;=< ñihs, 6lao fomi tla 

l=áhl ñihs, 2 ne.skao /f.k 

hd yel' wjYH úfgl ñihs, 

bj;a lr fndaïn j¾.o /f.k 

hdfï yelshdj we;' 20 mm 

cannon j¾.fha wúhlao Raptor 

i;=h' AIM-120 AIM-9 

Sidewnder j¾.fha .=jfka isg 

.=jkg (air to air) myr Èh yels 

ñihs, o GBU-39 jeks fmd

Artist's concept of an aircraft that could enter service in 2025 

from the team led by The Boeing Company 

fndahsx .=jka iud.u úiska fufyh jk ,o Ñ;% lKavdhul tla Ys,amshl=f.a 

woyig wkqj 2025 jif¾§ fiajfha kshq;= ùug kshñ; .=jka hdkdjla

Pathfinder in flight over Hawaii. 

Pathfinder Solar-Powered Aircraft


02 

mdi,a orejkg 

ksjerÈ oekqu ,nd §u 

.=jka fiajd iudc ixl,amfha m%Odk wruqKhs 

mq;a;,u wOHdmk l

—.=jka fiajd fË;%fhka ì|la 

Y%S ,dxflah orejkg˜ 

2011 oehg lsre< cd;sl 

jevigykg iu.dój —.=jka 

fiajd fË;%fhka ì|la Y%S 

,dxflah orejkg˜ hk f;audj 

hgf;a fudkrd., Èia;%slalfha 

je,a,jdh" ììf,a hk wOHdmk 

l

ìì, wOHdmk l

je,a,jdh wOHdmk l

tpkhdg; Nghf;Ftuj;J md;wpUe;J ,d;Wtiu 

fhw;wpYk; ghuk; Fiwe;j etPd gwg;Gfspd; cUthf;fk; 

vq;fspy; mjpfkhNdhh; 

rpe;jpg;gJ Nghd;W thd; 

gwg;Gfs; 20 Mk; 

E}w;whz;bd; Muk;gj;jpy; 

epfo;j;jg;gl;lit vdpDk; 100 

Mz;LfSf;F Kd;duhfNt 

,jw;fhd Kaw;rpfs; 

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ljw;fhd 

Mjhuq;fs; cs;sd. 

KjyhtJ kdpjg; gwg;G 1783 

,y; gpuhd;]py; 

,lk;ngw;wjhff; 

$wg;gLd;wJ. 

Nkhd;w;Nfhy;gpah; 

rNfhjuh;fshy; (Montgolfier 

Brothers) cUthf;fg;gl;l 

ntg;gthA gY}dpy; 8 fp.kP 

(5 iky;) J}uj;jpw;F N[k;]; 

kw;Wk; gpuhd;]p];Nfh 

vd;Nghh; gwe;jhh;fs; vdf; 

$wg;gLfpd;wJ. ,t; 

gY}dhdJ kuj;jpid 

vhpA+l;Ltjdhy; ngwg;gl;l 

tYitg; gad;gLj;jp 

(Wood Fire) 

cUthf;fg;gl;bUe;jjhff; 

$wg;gLfpd;wJ. ,J 

kdpjdpd; fl;Lg;gLj;jy; 

Kiwf;F mg;ghw;gl;ljhfTk;> 

fhw;W vj;jpirapy; 

tPRfpd;wNjh mj;jpir 

Nehf;fpg; gwf;Fk; jd;ik 

nfhz;ljhfTk; 

tbtikf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. ,t; 

tif gwf;Fk; fUtpfs; 

mnkhpf;fhtpy; ,lk; 

ngw;wjhff; $wg;gLk; rptpy; 

Aj;jj;;jpd; NghJ 

gad;gLj;jg;gl;ljhfTk; 

$wg;gLfpd;wJ. 

,t; gY}dpd; fz;Lgpbg;G 

fhuzkhf 18 Mk; 

E}w;whz;bd; gpw;gFjpfspYk; 

19 Mk; E}w;whz;L 

fhyg;gFjpapYk; gY}d; 

gwj;jyhdJ INuhg;gpa 

ehLfspy; gpugy;ak; 

ngw;wnjhd;whff; 

fhzg;gl;lJ. mNj 

E}w;whz;by; ,lk;ngw;wjhff; 

$wg;gLk; Muhl;rpfspd; 

gadhf kdpjdhy; 

fl;Lg;gLj;jg;glf;$ba 

gY}d;fs; cUthf;fg;gl;ld. 

Kjd; Kiwahf 1852 ,y; 

fhw;wpYk; ghh;f;fg; ghuk; 

Fiwe;jJk;> kdpjdhy; 

fl;Lg;gLj;jg;glf;$baJkhd 

gY}d; gpuhd;]py; 

fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;ljhff; 

$wg;gLfpd;wJ. ,t; gY}dpy; 

n`d;wp [{thl; vd;gth; 24 

fp.kP. J}uk; gwe;jpUe;jjhfTk; 

$wg;gLfpd;wJ. 

1852 ,y; cUthf;fg;gl;l 

kdpjdhy; 

fl;Lg;gLj;jg;glf;$ba gY}d; 

,j; Jiwapy; kw;WnkhU 

gbf;fy;yhdJ 1884 ,y; ,lk; 

ngw;wjhff; $wg;gLfpd;wJ. 

mjhtJ Kjd; Kiwahf 

8.5. Nfh]; tYTld; 

$baJk;> 23 epkplq;fspy; 8 

fp. kP. (5 iky;); gwf;ff; 

$baJk;> kdpjdhy; 

fl;Lg;gLj;jg;glf;$baJkhd 

gwj;jw; fUtp rhh;y;]; 

nudhy;l; kw;Wk; Mjh; 

fpwg;]; vd;Nghuhy; 

cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. ,J 170 

mb (52 kPl;lh;) ePsk; kw;Wk; 

66>000 fpA+gpf; mb (1>900 fd 

54 www.guwansara.lk

kPl;lh;) cilajhfTk; 

fhzg;gl;lJ. vdpDk; ,t; 

tifahd gwj;jy; 

cgfuzq;fs; nghJthff; 

FWfpa MAl; fhyj;jpidf; 

nfhz;ljhfNt fhzg;gl;lJ. 

1884 ,y; cUthf;fg;gl;l 

kdpjdhy; 

fl;Lg;gLj;jg;glf;$ba gwj;jw; 

fUtp 

fhw;wpYk; ghuk; $badthf 

jahhpf;fg;gl;l gwg;G 

cgfuzq;fNs jw;Nghja 

thD}h;jpapd; Njhw;wj;jpw;F 

mbg;gilahff; fhzg;gl;ld. 

,t;thwhd gwg;G 

,ae;jp;uq;fs;> gyk; tha;e;j 

fd;t]; (canvas) ,dhy; 

#og;gl;l ghukw;w 

fl;likg;Gld; 

$baditahff; 

fhzg;gl;ld. ,it 

gf;fg;ghl;by; miraf; 

$baitahditahd ,uz;L 

,wf;iffis 

nfhz;litahf fhzg;gl;lJ. 

,t; tbtj;jpid 

mikj;jtuhd RNtld; 

Nghh;f; jd;dhy; 

cUthf;fg;gl;l 

,ae;jpukhdJ> gwf;f 

tYtw;wJ vd 

czh;e;Jnfhz;l NghJk;> 

mth; mt;thwhdnjhU 

tpkhd mikg;nghd;Nw 

gwg;gjw;Fj; jFjp tha;e;jJ 

vd Kd;nkhope;jhh;. 

18 Mk; E}w;whz;bd; 

gpw;gFjpapy;> 

Nrh; N[hh;[; nfa;Nya; 

vd;gth; Kjyhtjhf gwj;jy; 

ngsjPftpay; gw;wpa 

Kiwahd Ma;nthd;wpid 

Muk;gpj;jhh;. ,jd; 

njhlh;r;rpahf ntt;NtW 

Ma;thsh;fs; 

thD}h;jpnahd;wpid 

ntw;wpfukhf cUthf;f 

Kaw;rpj;jhh;fs;. vdpDk; 

mit mth;fs; 

vjph;ghh;g;gpid epiwT 

nra;af; $badthf 

,Uf;ftpy;iy. 

Nrh; N[hh;[; nfa;Nyapd; 

gwj;jy; cgfuz khjphpfs; 

19 Mk; E}w;whz;by; 

cUthf;fg;gl;l rpy gwj;jy; 

cgfuz khjphpfs; ,it. 

Fwpg;gpl;Lf; $WNthkhapd;> 

N[h;kdp ehl;ilr; Nrh;e;j 

xw;& ypype;jhy; (Otto 

Lilinthal) vd;gth>; thD}h;jp 

cUthf;fj;jpw;Fg; ngUk; 

gq;fspg;gpidr; nra;jpUe;jhh;. 

,th;> 1889 ,y; jdJ 

thD}h;jp cUthf;fk; 

njhlh;ghd 

Ma;twpf;ifnahd;wpid 

ntspapl;lJ kl;Lkd;wp> 

Vwj;jho 2500 w;Fk; Nkw;gl;l 

vz;zpf;ifahd gwg;G 

tbtq;fis 

tbtikj;jpUe;jhh;. NkYk; 

mth; jdJ Mtzq;fis 

Mtzg;gLj;jp 

itj;jpUe;jJld;> jd;dhy; 

cUthf;fg;gl;l tbtq;fspd; 

Gifg;glq;fisAk; 

Mtzg;gLj;jpapUe;jhh;. ,t; 

Mtzg;gLj;jNy gpd;dh; 

iul; rNfhjuh;fshy; 

cUthf;fg;gl;l ntw;wpg; 

gilg;gpw;F top rikj;jJ 

vdyhk;. 

tpkhdg; gazk;njhlUk; 


55

World's Most Dangerous 

Lukla Airport 

¨la,d Nepal 

.= jkaf;dgqm< 

kef.kysr fkamd,fha msysgd ;sfnk 

¨la,d .=jka f;dgqm< m%Odk jYfhka 

rg wNHka;r .=jka .uka lghq;= 

i|yd fhdod .kakd .=jka f;dgqm

Airports 

uqyqÿ uÜgfï isg by

f,dal .=jka fiajd b;sydih 

f,dal .=jka fiajd b;sydih 

^4 jk fldgi& 

miq.sh l,dmfhka'''''''''''''' 

m

lrk ,È' fudag¾ r: 

ksIamdolfhl= jQ fykaß f*daâ 

(Hendri Ford) úiska 1925 

Ñldf.da isg fâÜfrdka iy 

laj,kaâ olajd .=jka ;eme,a 

m%jdykh lsÍfï whs;sh ,nd .;a 

w;r 1927 § Tyq .=jka hdkd 

ksmoùug fhduq úh' Tyq úiska 

ksmojk ,o Ford Trimotor 

.=jka hdkh .=jka ;eme,a 

m%jdykhg wu;rj u.S m%jdykh 

i|yd o fhdod .;a m%:u .=jka 

hdkh f,i ye|skaúh yelsh' 

jdksc .=jka lghq;= i|yd 

úúOdldrfha m¾fhaIK .=jka 

hdkd ksmoùu o fuu 

ld,jljdkqj ;=< isÿ lrk ,È' 

Charls Lingburg 


weußldkq cd;sl .=jka kshuq 

pd,aia ,skan¾.a 

(Charls Lingburg) úiska 1927 

uehs ui 20" 21 ÈkhkaysoS 

w;a,dka;sla id.rh yryd 

ksõfhda¾la isg meßia olajd 

ie;mqï 3600 la (5800Km) 

mshdir lsÍu;a iu. Tyq 

weußldkq ùrfhl= njg m;a úh' 

fuh ,skan¾.a úiska ,enQ 

ch.%yKhla muKla fkdj 

.=jka fiajdj úiska ,nd .kakd 

,o w;súYd, ch.%yKhla úh' 

1934 § weußldkq ckdêm;s 

*ekala,ska rEiafj,aÜ 

(Franklin Roosevelt ) úiska 

fm!oa.,sl iud.ï úiska 

fufyhjkq ,enQ .=jka ;eme,a 

fiajdjka wj,x.= l< w;r ta 

i|yd yuqod .=jka kshuqjka 

fhdod .kakd ,§' kuq;a yuqod 

.=jka kshuqjkag .uka ud¾. yd 

ld

.=jka hdkd b,a¨ug iß,k 

ksmoùï isÿ lsÍfïoS .=jka hdkd 

iud.ï j,g úúO wNsfhda. j,g 

uqyqK §ug isÿ úh' .=jka hdkd 

nßka wvqj jeä fõ.hla iys;j 

ksmoùu fukau kshuq l=á 

WmlrK jeäÈhqKqj jvd ksjerÈ 

;;ajfha mSvkh, Wi, fõ.h, 

.Kkh lsÍfï WmlrK ksmoùu 

fï ld,h ;=< isÿ úh' f¾äfhda 

ixjdo jeäÈhqKq ùuo isÿúh' 

oifofkl= /f.k hdfï 

myiqlu mej;Suhs' fuys fõ.h 

mehg ie;mqï 155 la úh' fndahsx 

247 .=jka hdkh u.Skag ,nd ÿka 

myiqlï f,i tkaðfï Yíoh 

.=jka hdkh we;=

.=jkair 

fjí wvúh 

wka;¾cd,hg 


Y%S ,xld isú,a .=jka fiajd wêldßh úiska fmnrjdß ui 

23 jkod .=jka fiajd fË;%h ms

isú,a .=jka fiajd wêldßfha" 


wOHdmksl tallh úiska 

ks¾udKh lr we;s fuu fjí 

wvúh isxy, iy bx.%Sis hk 

udOH folu Ndú; lr yels 

whqßka ilia lr ;sîu 

úfYaI;ajhls' m%Odk fldgu Y%S 

,xldfõ .=jka fË;%h ms

wud;HxYfha w;sf¾l f,alï wd¾ 

tï tia mS r;akdhl uy;d" .=jka 

f;dgqm< yd .=jka fiajd 

iud.fï Wm iNdm;s lu,a 

r;aj;a; uy;d" isú,a .=jka fiajd 

wOHË ckrd,a tÉ tï iS 

ksu,aisß uy;d" isú,a .=jka 

fiajd wêldßfha ks,OdÍka, 

.=jka fiajd l¾udka;fha 

kshq;=jQjkaa" úÿy,am;sjreka 

fukau mdie,a isiq isiqúhka" 

udOHfõ§ka we;=¨ wdrdê; 

wuq;a;ka úYd, msßila o tlaúh' 

fm'j' 11'26 g fh§ ;snQ iqN 

fudfyd;ska .re mshxlr chr;ak 

ue;s;=ud w;ska .=jkair fjí 

wvúh wka;¾cd,hg ksl=;a lrk 

,o w;r fuys§ wud;H;=ud ish 

woyia olajñka lshd isáfha isú,a 

.=jka fiajd wêldßfha —isú,a 

.=jka fiajd ixj¾Ok iy 

wOHdmk tallh˜ u.ska 

ixúOdkh lrkq ,nk mdie,a 

isiqka oekqj;a lsÍfï jevigyka" 

.=jka fiajd fË;%h ms

64 www.guwansara.lk

jevigyfka úfYaI wjia:d 


65

Red Arrows 

Royal Air Force Aerobatic Team

.=jka lrKï ixo¾Yk 

Tiafia ish úl%uhka bÈßm;a 

lrkq ,nk Red Arrows kï 

f,dj iqmsß .=jka lrKï 

lKavdhu .=jkair ux., 

l,dmfhka o Tng y÷kajd 

ÿka w;r mdi,a isiqka 

jeäfokl=f.a b,a,Su u; 

.=jkair isõjk l,dmfhka o 

kej; Tjqka ms

meje;aùfuka wk;=rej Tjqka ;u 

idudðlhska ixLHdj 09 olajd 

jeä lrk ,oafoa by; lS 

Tjqkaf.a ks, Èhuka;s yevh jeä 

ÈhqKq lsÍug jeä hdkd 

m%udKhla wjYH jQ neúks' j¾I 

1979 § Tjqka Red Arrows BAE 

Hawk kue;s hdkh Ndú;hg 

.;ay' Red Arrows fï jk úg 

f,dj mqrd rgj,a 53 l muK 

ixo¾Yk jdr 4000 lg wdikak 

m%udKhla mj;ajd we;s w;r ;u 

yelshdjka yd oË;d u.ska 

fm%aËlhka uú;hg m;a lsÍug 

iu;aj we;' 

rdclSh .=jka yuqodfjys .=jka 

ixo¾Yk lKavdhï i|yd 

mj;skafka §¾> b;sydihls' j¾I 

1920 ka wdrïN jQ fuu 

b;sydifha m%:u jrg Tjqka l=vd 

Biplane hdkd Ndú;fhka j¾I 

1920 oS Hendon yS§ W;aidy orE 

w;r j¾I 1938 § l=vd Gladiator 

hdkd ;=kla b;d wdikakfhka 

mshdir lsÍu;a iu. .=jka 

j¾I 1950 § rdclSh 

.=jka yuqod fkd 72 

n, weKsh Vampires 

j¾.fha .=jka hdkd 

u.ska ixo¾Yk 

lKavdhula ks¾udKh 

l< w;r fkd 54 jk 

n, weKsh th jeä 

ÈhqKq lrñka m%:u 

jrg ÿï Ndú;fhka 

(Smoke trails) 

ixo¾Ykhla bÈßm;a 

lsÍug iu;a úK' 

ixo¾Yk lKavdhula msysgqùug 

Tjqka úiska ;SrKh lrk ,È' 

kuq;a fojk f,dal hqO iuh;a 

iu. fuu ;SrKh hgm;a úh' 

j¾I 1950 § rdclSh .=jka yuqod 

fkd 72 n, weKsh Vampires 

j¾.fha .=jka hdkd u.ska 

ixo¾Yk lKavdhula ks¾udKh 

l< w;r fkd 54 jk n, weKsh 

th jeä ÈhqKq lrñka m%:u jrg 

ÿï Ndú;fhka (Smoke trails) 

ixo¾Ykhla bÈßm;a lsÍug iu;a 

úK' miqj Vampires hdkd bj;a 

lr Meteors keu;s hdkd 

Ndú;hg .;a kuq;a 1955 jif¾ § 


69

fkd 66 n, weKsh u.ska tu 

hdkdj o bj;alr Hunter 

j¾.fha hdkd Ndú;hg .kakd 

,È' ta iu.u j¾I 1956 § 

kshñ; meyehka iu. hdkdj 

uq¨ukskau l¿ j¾Kfhka 

wdf,am .kajk ,È' ta iu.u 

m%xYfha mej;s ixo¾Yk 

jdrhlska wk;=rej ish kduh 

The Black Arrows kñka 

fjkia lrk ,o w;r j¾I 1958 

§ fudjqka Farnborough .=jka 

ixo¾Ykfha § Hunter hdkd 22 

la iu.ska isÿ l< wdl¾IKSh 

bÈßm;a lsÍu f,dal jd¾;d 

w;rgo tlaúh' fï ish,a, fkd 

111 n, weKsh u.ska isÿ l< 

w;r tu jljdkqfõ§u fkd 92 

n, weKsh u.ska The Blue 

Diamonds kue;s ixo¾Yk 

lKavdhula by; j¾.fha ks,a 

meye;s Hunter hdkd 16 lska 

wdrïN lrk ,oafoa j¾I 1961 

§h' kuq;a bka .=jka kshuqjka 

úYd, m%udKhlf.a ld,h 

wmf;a hk neúka 1964 jif¾ § 

yellowjackes kñka ks,a meyeh 

ly meyeh njg m;a lr .ksñka 

tla ixo¾Yk lKavdhula 

msysgqùug rdclSh .=jka yuqodj 

;SrKh lrk ,È' tfy;a ly 

meyeh by< wyfia§ fmkSu wvq 

neúka r;= j¾Kh Ndú; lsÍug 

Tjqka miqj ;SrKh lrk ,È' tu 

ksid ixo¾Yk lKavdhfï ks, 

kduho j¾Kh u; fjkia úh 

hq;= neúka Red yd w;S;fha ;snQ 

Black Arrows ys Arrows hk 

jpk iu. The Red Arrows 

f,iska ixo¾Yk lKavdhu kï 

lsÍug rdclSh .=jka yuqodj 

jeäÿrg;a ;SrKh lrk ,È' 

Red Arrows ys mk kdhl 

Lee Jones h' Red Arrows ish 

m%:u .=jka ixo¾Ykh 1965 uehs 

06 jk Èk tx.,ka;fha Little 

Rissington ys§ isÿ lrk ,o 

w;r ixo¾Yk jdr 65 la 

ì%;dkH" m%xYh" b;d,sh" 

fko¾,ka;h" c¾uksh yd 

fn,aðhu hk rgj, isÿ 

lsÍfuka miqj Britania kñka 

iïudkhla o Tjqkg ysñ úh' 

j¾I 1968 § tys kdhlhd Ray 

Hann f,i m;ajQ w;r Tyq 

úiska mej;s hdkd m%udKh 7 

isg 9 olajd jeälrk ,os' bka 

wk;=rej tu hdkd 9 u.ska 

Èhuka;s yevh ksrEmKh 

lsÍu;a iu.u Tjqkaf.a fj

jk Tornado, Harrier iy 

Jaguar jeks hdkhl mshdir 

meh (Flying Hours) 1500 la 

muK iïmQ¾K lr ;sìh 

hq;=fõ' Bg wu;rj ;j;a 

iqÿiqlï 10 lg wdikak 

m%udKhla i

BAE Hawk hdkh Red Arrows 

oekg ixo¾Yk i|yd Ndú; 

lrkq ,nk .=jka hdkh .=jka 

ixo¾Yk i|ydu úfYaIfhkau 

ksmojQ hdkdjla jk w;r th 

m%n, Eurofighte Typhoon hdkd 

.khg wh;a fõ' Wmßu fõ.h 

1037 Km /h jk w;r È. 11.5 

m o Wi 4 m o fõ' Rolls – 

Royce Adour Mk 151 j¾.fha 

tkaðula fï i|yd Ndú; lrhs' 

;jo C 130 Hercules j¾.fha 

hdkhla w;sf¾l m%jdyk lghq;= 

i|yd fhdod .kS' 

Red Arrows ish .=jka ixo¾Yk 

(Smoke trails) msglsÍu ish¨ 

fokdf.a wdl¾Ykhg ,lajk 

wfkl=;a fya;=jhs' fï i|yd 

Tjqka ãi,a bkaokh Ndú; lrk 

w;r hdkfha msgqmi msgjqug 

(Exhaust) ãi,a ú§u u.ska iqÿ 

meye;s ÿu ,nd .kshs' wjYH 

j¾K i|yd j¾K tla lrk ,o 

ãi,a Ndú; lrhs' Hawk hdkfha 

hqOuh lghq;= j,§ 30 mm 

j¾.fha Cannon wúh /f.k 

hk ia:dkfha ÿï i|yd Ndú; 

lrk ãi,a gexls /f.k hk 

w;r .e¨ï 50 l iqÿ ãi,ao 

.e¨ï 10 ne.ska jQ r;= iy ks,a 

j¾K .ekajQ äi,a gexls fï w;r 

i|yd jehjk bkaok .e¨ï 

ixLHdj 10 ls' fï wkqj tla 

jdrhl§ iqÿ ÿu ñks;a;= 5 lao 

r;= yd ks,a ÿu ñks;a;=j ne.ska o 

Tjqkg bÈßm;a l< yelsh' 

Red Arrows ish ixo¾Yk 

lghq;= j,§ lsisúfgl;a 

krUkakkag by

úfYaI isÿùï lsysmhla w;=frka 

j¾I 1980 § Sussex ys ixo¾Yk 

jdrhla w;r;=r§ Hawk 

hdkdjla kejl rej,l .eà 

úkdY ù we;s kuq;a kshuqjd 

hdkfhka ksremøs;j bj;aj 

we;' ;jo 1987 oS mqyqKqùï 

w;r;=r§ hdkdjla Lincolnshire 

ys ksjilg lvd jeà we;s w;r 

kshuqjka fofokdu hdkfhka 

bj;aj we;' bkaOk gexls 

msmsreulska 1988 cqks 24 jk 

osko hdkdjla úkdYj w;r 

kshuqjka tu wjia:dfõoSo Èú 

.,jd f.k we;' 2007 jif¾§o 

Tjqkaf.a hdkd folla tlg 


Red Arrows ish 

.=jka ixo¾Yk 

w;r;=r hdkd u.ska 

ÿï (Smoke trails) 

msglsÍu ish¨ 

fokdf.a wdl¾Ykhg 

,lajk wfkl=;a 

fya;=jhs' fï i|yd 

Tjqka ãi,a bkaokh 

Ndú; lrk w;r 

hdkfha msgqmi 

msgjqug (Exhaust) 

ãi,a ú§u u.ska iqÿ 

meye;s ÿu ,nd .kshs' 

wjYH j¾K i|yd 

j¾K tla lrk ,o 

ãi,a Ndú; lrhs' 

.eàu fya;=fjka úkdY jQ kuq;a 

Ôú; ydks isÿù fkdue;' 

uE;l§ isÿ jQ úfYaI isÿ ùula 

f,i Hawk hdkd folla mqyqKq 

ùï w;r;=r§ tlg .eà Red 7 

hdkfha isá ¨;skka david 

Montengro hdkh ksis mßÈ 

f.dv neiaijQj;a wfkla hdkh 

jQ Red 6 ys isá ¨;skka Mike 

Ling yg hdkh md,kh lsÍug 

fkdyelsj hdkfhka Tyq bj;aj 

we;' 

Red Arrows úiska j¾I 1973 

cqks 13 jk Èk Lisbon ys mej;s 

ixo¾Ykh i|yd oekg iyNd.S 

we;s by


Helicopter 

1903 § m

Paul Cornu's Helicopter 

hdkh mshjrj,a lsysmhlska 

ÈhqKq lr wä 6 ½ la muK by< 

kexùug ilid .; yels jqj;a 

w;sYhskau wia:djr ksuejqula 

ksid w;yer ouk ,§' 

1909 oS reishdkq cd;sl whs.¾ 

isfldials (Igor Sikosky) úiska 

o fy,sfldmagrh i|yd wdlD;Ska 

bÈßm;a lrk ,o kuq;a fuu 

hdkd o nßka jeä" wvq wYaj 

n,hla we;s tkaðka iy wia:djr 

;;ajhka wêl f,i mej;Su 

ksid ;u fy,sfldmagrh ms

wjika cjksldj 

ud fjkqfjka /l.kak 

Crossroads hkq ms

wxl 13 fj; keUqre fjhs' fldgq 

jegqKq ;Srej bÈßmiska Èiajk 

úg wm .=jkahdkh yrjdf.k 

wjq;a b;d m%fõifuka yeisrùug 

j.n,d.;suq' fuh yßhdldrj 

isÿ fkdjqkfyd;a my;ska jQ uyd 

id.rfha msyskSug yelsh' 

iEu .=jka jdrhl§u .=jka 

kshuqfjl= Hong Kong ys 

f.dvniaik úg weiaj, uk 

n¢kd §ma;shla we;' fuu 

iajNdjh uu ishoyia j;djla 

udf.a iyh .=jka kshuqjka 

;=

mdi,a 

.=jka fiajd iudc 

.=jka fiajd iudc hkq fudkjdo@ 

Y%S ,xld isú,a .=jka fiajd 

wêldßfha isú,a .=jka fiajd 

ixj¾Ok iy wOHdmksl tallh 

úiska isÿ lrkq ,nk m%Odk 

ld¾hhka 03 ls; 

1 .=jkair iÕrdj ks¾udKh 

iy Wiia fm< mdi,a fj; 

fkdñ,fha fnod yeÍu 

2 .=jkair fjí wvúh 

mj;ajdf.k hdu 

3 Èjhsfka Wiia fm< mdi,a 

flakaø lr.ksñka 

iïuka;%K meje;aùu iy 

.=jka fiajd iudc msysgqùu 


wOHdmksl tallfha uq,a 

ld¾hhka folu b;d id¾:lj 

l%shd;aul jk neúka wm fï 

jir wdrïNfha mgka Èjhsfka 

Wiia fm< mdi,a flakaø lr 

.ksñka mj;ajk iïuka;%K 

ud,dj iy .=jka fiajd iudc 

msysgqùfï jevigyk wdrïN 

lrk ,o w;r tho fmr ldrKd 

fol fukau w;s id¾:l f,i 

l%shd;aul fjñka mj;S' fuys§ 

wm wmf.a uQ,sl ie

isú,a .=jka fiajd wud;H .re 

mshxlr chr;ak ue;s;=uka ;SrKh 

lr we;' th wkd.; .=jka fiajd 

iudchkays Ñ;a; ffO¾hh 

j¾Okhg fukau Tjqkaf.a 

yelshdjka j¾Okhgo uyÕ= 

w;aje,la jkq we;' 

mdi,a isiqka fuu kj .=jka fiajd 

iudc ixl,amh i|yd oeä 

leue;a;la olajk w;r Tjqkaf.a 

woyia j,ska ta nj jvd fyd¢ka 

meyeÈ,s fõ' 

fuys§ wmf.a wruqK jkafka .=jka 

fË;%fha /lshdjkg ish¨ fokd 

fhduq lsÍu fkdjk nj kï 

meyeÈ,s f,iu i|yka l< hq;=h' 

ukaoh;a ish¨ fokd .eg¿jla 

.kakd ;ek fuh jk neúks' 

kuq;a ñka woyia jkafka .=jka 

fË;%fha /lshdjka i|yd 

wjia:djka fkdue;s njo fkdfõ' 

wjYH;djh fukau yelshdjka we;s 

whg f;da;ekakla fï yryd újr 

jk nj oeka oeka wm fj; 

,efnk m%;spdr Tiafia meyeÈ,sh' 

m%Odk fldgu .=jka fË;%h 

wdY%s;j wE; .ï okõ fj; .,d 

fkd.sh oekqu fï yryd fyda hï 

;rulg .,d hdu fya;=fjka meK 

ke.S we;s .eg¿ rdYshla úi|d 

.ekSugo ud¾.h iliajkq oelSu 

wmf.a n,dfmdfrd;a;=jhs' c,pr 

.=jka hdkd ms

fkdkej;=K q 

úYajh 

Lkavdxl wlaIh iek jkdka;rhla 

;=< isgf.k isák nj' Tng 

iEu ÈYdfjkau fmfkkqfha 

l=ula fyda úYd, .ila fõ' kuq;a 

Tn isákafka hï iSudjl fldgq 

jQ jkdka;rhl fõ' tfiakï 

T,an¾g wkqj wmg iEu 

ÈYdjlskau ;rejla fmfka kï 

tu ;refjka iEu ;eku 

wdf

muKla ms

w;S;fha isg úYajfha wdrïNh 

flfrys bÈßm;a jQ kHdhka 

m%Odk jYfhka ;=kls' 

1 ia:djr ;;aj jdoh 

2 foda,k kshuh 

3 uyd msmqreï kHdh 

fï ish¨ kHdhka ´mmd;sl 

f,i tkï bfí yg .ekafuka 

my< jQ kHdhla fkdfõ' th 

j¾;udkfha b;d ig lmg 

foaYmd,{fhl= b;d fyd| 

ie%fhka wvqù tlu; 

tl jefgkq oelsh yelsh' 

úYajfha uOH ,Ëhla fkdue;s 

neúka ukaodlsKs ish,a, tla 

,Ëhlg muKla


83

isú,a .=jka fiajh hkq wfma 

rfÜ tla m%jdyk udOHhls' 

wfma rfÜ .=jka fiajh oekg 

f,dalfha oyjk ia:dkh;a 

wdishd uyoaùmfhka m%:u 

ia:dkh;a ,nd .ekSu fmrÈ. 

f,dalfha uq;=wegh jk 

,xldjg uy;a wNsudkhls' 1964 

§ muK wm rfÜ isú,a .=jka 

fiajh werö we;' isú,a .=jka 

fiajfha j¾;udk wud;Hjrhd 

jkafka md¾,sfïka;= uka;%S .re 

mshxlr chr;ak ue;s;=udhs' 

m%:ufhkau ñksiqka mshEöug 

W;aidy f.k we;af;a b;d wE; 

w;S;fha§h' fudjqka msydgq 

hq., ;u fow;g iúlr 

l÷fy,a j, isg mek mshEöug 

W;aidy f.k we;' tfy;a 

oekg .=jka hdkfha w;S;h 

f,i ms

.=jka 

fiajh 

isú,a .=jka fiajh hkq tla 

ia:dkhl isg fjk;a ia:dkhlg 

u.S m%jdykh fyda NdKav 

m%jdykh lrk myiq udOHhla 

fõ' fuu isú,a .=jka fiajdj 

weußldfõ rhsÜ ifydaorhska 

úiska wdrïN lrk ,§' fuh 

oekgu;a b;d by< uÜgul 

mj;S' wmf.a fuu w;S; 

uq;=kañ;a;kaf.a W;aidyfhka 

isú,a .=jka fiajh wdrïN ù we;s 

fuu .=jka fiajd ia:dk b;d 

YS>%fhka jHdma; ù we;' fojk 

cd;Hka;r .=jka f;dgqm< 

u;a;,ska werfUk ;j;a fhdaO 

mshjrls' .=jka f;dgqm

.=jkair 

lshjd jákd ;Hd. Èkd .ekSug fukak Tng;a wjia:djla'''''''' 

1' f,dj úYd,;u u.S .=jka hdkh y÷kajkak 

2' isú,a .=jka fiajd mk; md¾,sfïka;=fõ iïu; jQ oskh ljod o@ 

3' uqyqÿ uÜgfï isg by

AMERICAN COLLEGE OF HIGHER EDUCATION, 

DEHIWELA, SIGNS MOU WITH GCAC, CHINA, 

OPENING THE DOOR TO A GOLDEN OPPORTUNITY 

FOR OUR YOUTH IN THE FIELD OF CIVIL AVIATION ENGINEERING & 

CABIN CREW FLIGHT SERVICES. 

A very significant event in the 

history of Aviation studies in Sri 

th 

Lanka took place on the 4 of 

July 2011 when a MOU was 

formally signed between the 

American College of Higher 

Education, Dehiwela and the 

Guangzhou Civil Aviation 

College of China. 

Ms Sylvia Li Director of Foreign 

Affairs of the Guangzhou Civil 

Aviation College and Mrs. 

Sherryn Yaseen Mangalagama, 

CEO of the American College 

of Higher Education were the 

signatories for their respective 

Institutes. The “Top Level” 

delegation from the GCAC 

consisted of Mrs. Sylvia Li, 

Director Foreign Affairs, Mr 

Lian Zhisheng, Dean of the 

Faculty of Aviation Engineering 

and Ms Angela Xiaoming, 

Dean of the Faculty of Cabin 

Crew Training. 


Mrs Sherryn Yaseen, CEO of 

ACHE, addressing the well 

attended gathering, which 

included students from some 

of the leading schools in the 

Country, emphasized the 

importance of the alliance with 

GCAC for the future Career 

prospects of Sri Lankan 

students, also outlined the 

leading role played by the 

ACHE in providing quality 

International education to our 

Youth, particularly in the USA, 

over a period of more than 17 

years of excellence in 

Education in this Country, with 

current transfers amounting to 

more than 1500 students. 

Ms Sylvia Li in her address 

stated that the GCAC is 

eagerly awaiting the arrival of 

st 

the 1 batch of students from 

ACHE in September this year 

and expressed her hope that 

the “state of the art” facilities 

available at GCAC, which are 

unequalled anywhere in the 

World, will enable our 

students to excel in their 

chosen fields of Aviation 

Engineering & Flight Services. 

Mr Rohana Nanayakkara, 

Program Manager ACHE, 

spoke of the “Treasures” that 

had come to Sri Lanka over 

thousands of years and this 

time the most valuable of all 

“Treasures” that of Education 

has been delivered to the 

Youth of our Country ensuring 

a bright future for them. 

The significance of the event 

is that with this agreement, 

study programs in Civil 

Aviation leading to well 

recognized & highly paid 

87

careers come within the reach 

of the average Sri Lankan 

student – both boys and girls. 

A Career which brings very 

good pay and the “perks” that 

are associated with the airline 

trade, Aircraft Maintenance 

Engineers are in great 

demand across the World as 

Airlines expand their operating 

networks & the Aircraft 

numbers increase 

dramatically. 

Now, Thanks to the MOU 

signed between Guangzhou 

Civil Aviation College & the 

American College of Higher 

Education, Sri Lanka, our 

Youth have the “Golden 

Opportunity” of achieving 

their dreams of a career as an 

Aircraft Maintenance Engineer, 

Cabin Crew, Avionics 

Maintenance Engineering, etc. 

The Guangzhou Civil Aviation 

College is owned by the 

Government of the Peoples 

Republic of China and is 

administered by the Civil 

Aviation Authority of China 

(CAAC) thus ensuring World 

wide acceptance & recognition 

of its certificates & 

qualifications. Located in the 

Southern City of Guangzhou 

GCAC presently boasts of two 

campuses housing 8000 

students in its state-of-the Art 

facilities and is the “Training 

Provider of Choice” for many 

major International Airlines of 

the World, such as Cathay 

Pacific, Singapore Airlines, 

China Southern Airlines, etc, in 

specific areas of importance 

in the Airline Maintenance 

Industry. 

The significant feature of 

GCAC is that this University is 

totally dedicated to Civil 

Aviation programs only, 

covering Aircraft 

Maintenance, Avionics, 

Engine Overhaul, Electronic 

Information & 

Telecommunication 

Engineering, Aircraft 

Structural Repair, Cabin Crew 

Training, just to name a few. 

Training facilities include more 

than 27 aircraft of various 

types including fighter aircraft 

for hands on maintenance 

training, two McDonnell 

Douglas MD 82 commercial 

88 www.guwansara.lk

civil aircraft with airworthiness 

certificates, along with more 

than a hundred aircraft 

engines of various types 

including Jet, Turbo Prop, 

Piston Engines. Four Aircraft 

Cabin Simulators for Airbus 

A320,two Boeing B737 and 

Boeing B747 “Jumbo” Aircraft, 

each costing more than USD 

750,000/= are available for 

Cabin Crew training. 

The laboratories, lecture Halls, 

the training methods & aids 

are all of “cutting edge 

technology” which very few 

Institutions even in the Western 

World can boast of. Consisting 

of modern Auditoriums, 

restaurants and facilities for 

various recreation and sports 

activities, each Campus is a 

mini City by itself, with shops, 

offices, Hotels for visiting VIPs 

& even its own Police Station. 

Students have the advantage 

of “hands on” training during 

the study program, followed by 

practical experience on 

maintenance of Airline aircraft 

on “Industry training”. China 

Southern Airlines, who has 

close & major connections to 

GCAC provides the facility of 

actual “line maintenance” for 

the successful graduates of 

this program. 

The most significant factor of 

this program is the very 

reasonable and affordable cost 

of this course of study, which 

places it within reach of the 

average Sri Lankan student. 

The first year of the program 

will be conducted in Sri Lanka 

by the ACHE where a thorough 

grounding of the Theory & 

Basics of Aircraft Maintenance 

will be taught, as stipulated by 

the GCAC. The second year of 

study will be implemented in 

China at the GCAC Campus, 

where the Diploma program 

will be completed. 

The lectures at ACHE are 

conducted by some of the 

highest qualified Academics in 

the field of Aviation, counting 

vast experience in the Industry 

covering all areas of critical 

importance, which includes 

both Civil & Military Aircraft. 

The American College of 

Higher Education, Sri Lanka, by 

its tie-up with the Guangzhou 

Civil Aviation College, China 

has opened a “Golden 

Pathway” for our Youth and 

already, the first batch 

consisting of both Girls & Boys 

have completed their training 

at the ACHE Campus and are 

scheduled to transfer to China 

in September this year . 

Further details & for 

registrations, which are now on 

for the next batch, 

please contact 

Mr. Rohana Nanayakkara, 

Program Manager on 

077 293 2995. 


89

November's Dubai Airshow 

Looks to the Future for Next 

Generation Aviation 

Professionals 

Dubai Air Show 

90 www.guwansara.lk

wêfõ.Sj oshqKq fjñka mj;sk j;auka f,dalh oeka oeka iudkH m%o¾Yk rgd 

j,ska neyerj iqúfYaIS jQ m%o¾Yk f,dalh fj; bosßm;a lsÍug hqyqiq¿ fõ' bka 

ieuf.a is;a .;a wx.hla f,i .=jka m%o¾Yk fyj;a .=jka ixo¾Yk i|yka l< 

yelsh' fujr wm .=jkair u.ska Tn fj; f.k tkafka wdishdkq l

1 3 - 1 7 N O V E M B E R 2 0 1 1 

ish jir 40 l wNsudkj;a b;sydih ieuÍu fjkqfjka tlai;a wdrdì 

tó¾ rdcHh (United Arab Emirates) úiska mj;ajkq ,nk ft;sydisl 

.=jka ixo¾Ykh fujro W;al¾Ij;a whqßka meje;aùug vqndhs 

n,OdÍka lghq;= fhdod we;s w;r fuh 2011 fkdjeïn¾ ui 13 jk 

Èk isg 17 jk Èk olajd Expo .=jka f;dgqmf< ysoS meje;aùug 

kshñ;h' 

92 www.guwansara.lk

fuh wdishdkq l

wekagfkdaõ AN-24 RV 

issú,a .=jka fiajd wêldßfhka 

oehg lsre

fuh isú,a .=jka fiajd wêldßh 

úiska oehg lsre< m%o¾Ykhl § 

m%:u jrg bÈßm;a lrk ,o 

wx.hla jQ w;r meñKs isá 

ck;dj oeä Wkkaÿjlska .=jka 

hdkhg f.dvùug meh .Kkla 

È.= fmda,sï j,g ù n,d isàu 

u.skau tys we;s úfYaI;ajh 

jgyd .; yelsh' ienE .=jka 

.uklg iyNd.S ùfï§ ,efnk 

yeÕSu ta whqßkau ,nd .ekSug 

yelsjk mßÈ fuu .=jka hdkh 

ilia fldg ;sîu fuys 

úfYaI;ajhhs' 

ùrú, .=jka f;dgqm

Stealth ;dËKh Ndú; 

lrñka ksujd we;s F 22 

hdkh ms

msßila iyNd.s jqjo thska hdkd 

meoùu i|yd f;dard .ekqfka 

kshuqjka ;sfofkl= muKs. fuu 

hdkd 3 kï lrkq ,enqfõ 

F/A-37 Talon Series f,isks. 

Tjqka w;ska ksuejqKq wfkla 

hdkh y÷kajkafka “EDI” hk 

kñks. tu kshuq rys; .=jka 

hdkh mojkq ,nkafka lD;%suj 

idok ,o nqoaêu;a mrs.Kl 

moaO;shla u.sks. md,k ueosrs 

j,ska ,efnk Wmfoia j,g 

wkql+,j yeisÍfï yelshdj 

fukau yosis wjia:d j,oS ;ks 

;SrK .ekSfï yelshdjla EDI 

hdkhg ;sîu úfYaI;ajhls. 

Talon hdkd yd EDI hdkh 

Tjqkaf.a m

mß.Kl ùäfhda l%Svd m%shlrk 

Tng .=jkair isõjk 

l,dmfhkao wm ;j;a mß.Kl 

l%Svdjla y÷kajd §ug woyia 

lf

we;' .=jka yuqodfjka iuq.kakd 

Tyq fm!oa.,sl wdrËl iud.ul 

m%ydrl fcÜ hdkd kshuqjl= f,i 

ish rdcldß kej; wrUhs' tys§ 

uqyqK fok ;%diHckl w;aoelSï 

iy Tyq ish mdn, iy kdúl 

yuqodjkag .=jka iydh ,nd fok 

wdldrh ñka fmkakqï flf¾' 

2009 jif¾ ud¾;= 17 jkod Ubisoft 

iud.u úiska Windows, play 

station 03 yd X box 360 hk l%Svd 

moaO;s i|yd H.A.W.X mß.Kl 

l%Svdj t

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