sydney-city-centre-review-of-environmental-factors

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6.12 Air quality This section assesses the proposal’s potential impact on air quality. Supporting information is provided in Appendix L. 6.12.1 Method Study area The air quality assessment study area considered people within 200 metres of the ‘affected’ parts of the proposal footprint focussing on residential properties and locations where significant numbers of people and more vulnerable members of the public regularly congregate 5 . Method and assessment criteria The air quality assessment was undertaken by referring to the: National Environmental Protection Measure for Ambient Air Quality (Air NEPM) (Australian Government, 1998) Approved Methods for the Modelling and Assessment of Air Pollutants in NSW (DEC, 2005). The assessment considered the potential for dust generation as well as emissions generated through changes in traffic flows and the use of construction equipment. As the volume of construction traffic would be negligible (refer to Chapter 3) this factor was not considered in this assessment. The construction assessment: Identified sensitive receivers within the study area Identified key construction activities that would potentially generate dust Identified the locations where these activities would take place within 200 metres of any identified receivers 1 Confirmed the effect of the prevailing wind and meteorological conditions on dust dispersion Described any potential for nuisance 6 Described any the impacts due to the travel delays on the approach to and throughout the proposal footprint during construction Set out the safeguards to manage dust emissions and traffic impacts. The operational assessment: Established the existing local ambient air quality in the study area Determined which sections of the proposal footprint would experience sufficient change to give rise to potential air quality impacts Identified specific sensitive receivers that could be affected by the proposed traffic changes introduced under the proposal Evaluated the impacts against the Air NEPM to determine the significance of any changes. 5 This distance is specified in volume 11, section 3, part 1 of the UK Design Manual for Roads and Bridges, 2007 (UK Highways Agency, 2007) 6 Environmental nuisance is defined as unreasonable interference (or likely interference) with an environmental value caused by air quality and dust emissions (amongst other emissions) Sydney City Centre Capacity Improvement 395 Review of Environmental Factors
Affected roads There are no screening criteria available in NSW or Australia to determine if changes to an existing road would be sufficient to ‘affect’ (impact) adjacent receivers. As such, the assessment adopted the following screening criteria from the UK Design Manual for Roads and Bridges: An alignment change of greater than five metres A change (increase or decrease) in traffic flow of more than 1,000 vehicles each day A change (increase or decrease) of more 200 heavy vehicle numbers each day A change (increase or decrease) in daily average speed of more than 10 km/h A change (increase or decrease) in peak hour speed of more than 20 km/h. The only screening criterion satisfied under the proposal would be localised traffic flow changes at various points across the proposal footprint created through the introduction of the traffic capacity improvements. This was determined by referring to the intersection traffic modelling data discussed in section 6.1. Importantly, the modelling data only considered the change at the immediate intersection. It did not consider the effects elsewhere on the road network. However, as discussed in section 6.1.2, traffic volumes in the city centre are anticipated to plateau into the future. Consequently, whilst the capacity introduced along the roads considered in this proposal would result in a localised increase in traffic, it is expected that there would be other parts of the road network where traffic volumes would decrease, notably for example along part of George Street once it is closed to traffic. Arbitrarily, the air quality of the immediate road corridor in these locations would slightly improve whilst slightly decreasing along the roads subject to capacity improvements under this proposal. This is discussed further below. 6.12.2 Existing environment Meteorological conditions Sydney’s temperate subtropical climate is generally characterised by very warm summers and mild, warm winters. Average daily temperatures generally range between 18 degrees Celsius ( o C) and 26 o C during summer and between 9 o C and 18 o C during winter. Uniform rainfall is experienced throughout the year with an average of 1,287 millimetres received per annum at Observatory Hill (Bureau of Meteorology, 2014). Autumn is typically the wettest period, while spring is generally the driest. The meteorological conditions would affect dust dispersion during the works. Generally, the urban environment provides greater shelter; however, the wind can be channelled along streets, with other wind effects occurring around buildings. This only becomes a problem with high-rise development, where the corridor effects can be significant. The ambient average wind speed (as measured at Observatory Hill, itself an exposed location) varies. In the morning in the summer months it is lower (8 to10 metres per second (ms -1 )) compared to the winter months (10 to 13 ms -1 ). However, in the afternoon (due to differences in the land/sea temperature) the wind increases. It is generally lower in the autumn (13 to 15 ms -1 ) compared to the rest of the year (15 to 20 ms -1 ). Due to the variability in local meteorological conditions and soil characteristics there is no absolute limit above which wind-blown dust becomes a problem. Generally however, some guidance documents quote that above 7.5 ms -1 dust may become an issue and above 8 ms -1 dust suppression controls should be put in place, as dust would mobilise, and above 15 ms -1 , works should stop temporarily, as described by Sydney City Centre Capacity Improvement 396 Review of Environmental Factors
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Sydney City Centre Capacity Improve
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Executive summary The proposal Road
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the proposed Sydney City Centre Cyc
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The REF concludes that the proposal
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Effect Affected factors/receivers L
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Effect Temporary light spill impact
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maintenance of traffic flows in the
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What happens next? Following the su
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6.7 Water quality and hydrology ...
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If approved, the proposal would tak
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In doing so, the REF helps fulfil t
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2 Need and options considered This
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NSW Long Term Transport Master Plan
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2.2 Existing road and public transp
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Road Sussex Street between King Str
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Road Precinct 4: college Wentworth
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Bus stop hubs located at Circular Q
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With these allocations set, Transpo
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2.4.2 Identified proposal options P
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Precinct 2: retail Precinct 2: reta
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Precinct 3: southern Precinct 3: so
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Precinct 4: college Precinct 4: col
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NW2: King Street (two options) Traf
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Amenity All three options reallocat
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Amenity At present, buses cannot re
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Summary Table 2-6 ‘Option b’ an
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Amenity Kerbside use Business impac
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Table 2-7 Analysis of options in pr
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Amenity Kerbside use Business impac
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3 Description of the proposal The p
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Work site reference Section Start a
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Table 3-2 Typical traffic capacity
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Typical improvement (with example)
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Sussex Street to Kent Street Sussex
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George Street to Pitt Street York S
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Kent Street intersection Pitt Stree
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Pitt Street to Castlereagh Street G
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Margaret Street to Erskine Street J
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Market Street intersection King Str
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Liverpool Street to Eager Lane Jame
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Hay Street to Rawson Place Goulburn
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Abercrombie Street intersection Ref
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Ref (refer Fig 3-10 to 3-16) Propos
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Wemyss Lane to Goulburn Street Ref
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Macquarie Street intersection Campb
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Park Street to Oxford Street Prince
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3.2 Design The proposal’s concept
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Table 3-9 Engineering and developme
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3.3 Construction activities The lik
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Table 3-10 Plant and equipment - in
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These materials are widely availabl
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Once the work is complete on site,
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3.6 Public utility and drainage adj
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Traffic capacity improvement Precin
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Traffic capacity improvement Locati
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4.1.3 Darling Harbour Development P
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The adopted urban design principles
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Principles and objectives Consisten
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Principles and objectives Prot
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Roads and Maritime is, however, req
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The one adverse outcome to deliveri
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5.1.2 Stakeholder engagement Roads
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The detailed design would also be d
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Traffic modelling and monitoring da
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Bus infrastructure There is an exte
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Cars, buses and other vehicles Over
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Level of Service (LoS) Maximum queu
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Work site location Precinct 4: coll
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Section G: York Street intersection
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Section Precinct 4: college C1: Wen
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Location and type of work (refer to
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with the proposed changes under the
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Loading zones Mobility parking spac
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Table 6-8 describes the temporary o
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Location J: George Street to Pitt S
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Location H: Hay Street to Rawson Pl
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As can be seen from Table 6-8, ther
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Table 6-9 Altered footpaths and ped
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Section D: Abercrombie Street inter
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Loading zones Mobility parking spac
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Table F-2 in Appendix F provides fu
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Level of Service (LoS) Maximum queu
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The above table demonstrates the va
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Impact Environmental safeguard Resp
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Table 6-13 Construction noise manag
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The applicable human comfort vibrat
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where the corresponding noise impac
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The modelling predicted the constru
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Work site Receiver type NML for the
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Work site Receiver type NML for the
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The highest predicted noise impacts
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Work site Precinct 3: southern Pred
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Post World War II, Sydney enhanced
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Table 6-21 Heritage listed items It
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Item name Section Location Signific
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Item name Section Location Signific
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Item name Area of archaeology poten
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Item name 21 Former value and item
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Item name Works with potential heri
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Item name R2 Market Street Works wi
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Item name 3 Pinnacle House 5 Commer
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Item name Precinct 3: southern S3:
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Item name F2: Macquarie Street Work
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Lighting pole relocation General si
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Reference Potential archaeological
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The above summary reflects that the
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6.4.2 Existing environment Populati
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Social infrastructure Cultural and
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Social infrastructure - constructio
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Table 6-27 Annual events potentiall
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Table 6-28 Location specific potent
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Work site Construction activities I
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Socioeconomic impacts during operat
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The improvements to connectivity an
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Work site D: Kent Street to Clarenc
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Work site D: Clarence Street to Yor
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Work site F: Erskine Street to Barr
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Work site F: Liverpool Street to Ea
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Work site C: Wattle Street intersec
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Work site D: Wemyss Lane to Goulbur
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Work site F: Park Street to Oxford
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Method and assessment criteria The
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General land use character General
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Development precinct Precinct 1: re
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Property Roadside property Table 6-
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Future land uses and development pr
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Rubbish bins Water fountains City m
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6.6.2 Existing environment Landscap
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Landscape character zone Overview d
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Tree characteristics The city centr
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Table 6-41 Registered significant t
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Page 369 and 370: Landscape character and visual impa
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Page 373 and 374: Table 6-46 Tree pruning and removal
Page 375 and 376: Turning restrictions and provisions
Page 377 and 378: Work site Section Visual receiver R
Page 379 and 380: Impact Environmental safeguard Resp
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Page 385 and 386: The proposal footprint is located a
Page 387 and 388: Flood risk The proposal footprint h
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Page 393 and 394: Acid sulphate soils Acid sulphate s
Page 395 and 396: Contaminated land (records) No site
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Page 401 and 402: Table 6-56 Statutorily protected bi
Page 405 and 406: 6.10.2 Potential impacts Waste gene
Page 407 and 408: In addition, the contractor(s) woul
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Page 415 and 416: Air quality sensitive receivers The
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Page 419 and 420: Greenhouse Gas Assessment Workbook
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Page 431 and 432: Project Description Location and in
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Page 435 and 436: Table 6-68 Potential cumulative imp
Page 437 and 438: Cumulative effect Disruption to pub
Page 439 and 440: Cumulative effect Key issues
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Page 443 and 444: Table 6-69 Potential cumulative eff
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Page 447 and 448: Effect Affected factors/receivers L
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Page 451 and 452: 7 Environmental management This cha
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No Impact Environmental safeguard R
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8 Conclusion This chapter provides
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Object environment. 5(a)(ii) To enc
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8.3 Ecologically sustainable develo
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8.3.4 Improved valuation, pricing a
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9 Certification This review of envi
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City of Sydney Council, Sydney City
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NSW EPA 1997c, Waste Reduction and
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factors-june-2014.pdf, accessed: 2/
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ISEPP State Environmental Planning
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