sydney-city-centre-review-of-environmental-factors
sydney-city-centre-review-of-environmental-factors sydney-city-centre-review-of-environmental-factors
Sensitivity Considered the lighting impacts on adjacent receivers during construction and operation Identified those adverse impacts that would need safeguarding or managing under the proposal. Assessing landscape character and visual impacts Landscape character quality or the quality of a view determines how sensitive either would be to change. Nature, scale, loss, duration, intensity and extent are the parameters used to determine impact magnitude. These factors combine to produce overall landscape character and visual impact ratings, which were adopted in the assessment (refer to Table 6-37). Table 6-37 Landscape character and visual impact rating matrix Magnitude of change High Moderate Low Negligible High High High-Moderate Moderate Negligible Moderate High-Moderate Moderate Moderate-low Low Moderate Moderate-low Low Negligible Negligible Assessing lighting impacts The adverse impacts of light spill from outdoor lighting are influenced by: The height of the light source relative to the receive, where light is considered more obtrusive where the light source is higher than the receiver Surrounding landforms and topography, which can shield the light source from the receiver Ambient existing light levels and the type of light Surrounding land uses; for instance residential receivers are considered more sensitive than commercial and industrial land uses). Table 6-38 is taken from AS 4282:1997. This standard provides recommended maximum light levels that should be achieved at the boundary of a receiver. The table also shows the corresponding recommended maximum light levels at night in residential areas (shaded grey). Table 6-38 Recommended maximum light levels Parameter Time of day Commercial areas Residential areas Illuminance (in the vertical plane) (Ev) (lux) Luminous intensity emitted by luminaries (l) (candela (CD)) Threshold increment (TI) (per cent CD per square metres) Evening 25 lux 10 lux Night 4 lux 2 lux Evening 7,500 CD 100,000 CD Night 2,500 CD 1,000 CD Any time 20 per cent based on adaption luminance of 10 CD/m 2 Sydney City Centre Capacity Improvement 335 Review of Environmental Factors
6.6.2 Existing environment Landscape character in the study area is a function of the composition of physical, natural and human features and activities. The assessment of the proposal’s impact on landscape character considered how the composition of these elements would change as a result of constructing the proposal and once it was operational. This included the associated traffic changes resulting from the introduced traffic capacity improvements. This study area’s landscape character can be defined at three levels: Regional landscape characteristics across the city centre Local landscape characteristics within each precinct and in some instances the sub-characteristics of each precinct Street-level landscape characteristics along each individual road (termed ‘streetscape characteristics’). Regional landscape character Appendix I describes the regional landscape character as comprising: The historic Rocks, and its stark interface with the modern high-rise buildings between Alfred Street and Bridge Street The visually contained road corridors in the city centre, which are framed by a mixture of juxtaposing high-rise modern and low-rise historic buildings and a number of pedestrianised streets The importance of the ‘green edge’ along the city’s eastern fringe, its value in providing an important connected open space and its function in separating the city from the adjacent residential areas in the east The remnant evidence of warehouses, markets and laneways in the south and western fringes of the city centre that combine to create a grained subdivision pattern of narrow frontages, informal public spaces and low building heights. Local landscape and streetscape character and value Table I-1 in Appendix I demonstrates how Sydney’s development has created a number of distinct landscape character zones and sub-zones over a small area. Specifically within the proposal footprint, each of the five precincts has its own landscape characteristics and in two instances (precinct 2: retail and precinct 3: southern) sub-zone characteristics. Table 6-39 provides a summary of the quality of each landscape character zone and sub-zone and its sensitivity to change in the context of the proposal. It also describes the sensitivity of the streetscape of each work site to change, which would be typically higher relative to the context of the proposal due to the immediate changes within the road corridor. Sydney City Centre Capacity Improvement 336 Review of Environmental Factors
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6.6.2 Existing environment<br />
Landscape character in the study area is a function <strong>of</strong> the composition <strong>of</strong> physical,<br />
natural and human features and activities. The assessment <strong>of</strong> the proposal’s impact<br />
on landscape character considered how the composition <strong>of</strong> these elements would<br />
change as a result <strong>of</strong> constructing the proposal and once it was operational. This<br />
included the associated traffic changes resulting from the introduced traffic capa<strong>city</strong><br />
improvements.<br />
This study area’s landscape character can be defined at three levels:<br />
Regional landscape characteristics across the <strong>city</strong> <strong>centre</strong><br />
Local landscape characteristics within each precinct and in some instances the<br />
sub-characteristics <strong>of</strong> each precinct<br />
Street-level landscape characteristics along each individual road (termed<br />
‘streetscape characteristics’).<br />
Regional landscape character<br />
Appendix I describes the regional landscape character as comprising:<br />
The historic Rocks, and its stark interface with the modern high-rise buildings<br />
between Alfred Street and Bridge Street<br />
The visually contained road corridors in the <strong>city</strong> <strong>centre</strong>, which are framed by a<br />
mixture <strong>of</strong> juxtaposing high-rise modern and low-rise historic buildings and a<br />
number <strong>of</strong> pedestrianised streets<br />
The importance <strong>of</strong> the ‘green edge’ along the <strong>city</strong>’s eastern fringe, its value in<br />
providing an important connected open space and its function in separating the<br />
<strong>city</strong> from the adjacent residential areas in the east<br />
The remnant evidence <strong>of</strong> warehouses, markets and laneways in the south and<br />
western fringes <strong>of</strong> the <strong>city</strong> <strong>centre</strong> that combine to create a grained subdivision<br />
pattern <strong>of</strong> narrow frontages, informal public spaces and low building heights.<br />
Local landscape and streetscape character and value<br />
Table I-1 in Appendix I demonstrates how Sydney’s development has created a<br />
number <strong>of</strong> distinct landscape character zones and sub-zones over a small area.<br />
Specifically within the proposal footprint, each <strong>of</strong> the five precincts has its own<br />
landscape characteristics and in two instances (precinct 2: retail and precinct<br />
3: southern) sub-zone characteristics.<br />
Table 6-39 provides a summary <strong>of</strong> the quality <strong>of</strong> each landscape character zone and<br />
sub-zone and its sensitivity to change in the context <strong>of</strong> the proposal. It also describes<br />
the sensitivity <strong>of</strong> the streetscape <strong>of</strong> each work site to change, which would be<br />
typically higher relative to the context <strong>of</strong> the proposal due to the immediate changes<br />
within the road corridor.<br />
Sydney City Centre Capa<strong>city</strong> Improvement 336<br />
Review <strong>of</strong> Environmental Factors