sydney-city-centre-review-of-environmental-factors
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sydney-city-centre-review-of-environmental-factors

sydney-city-centre-review-of-environmental-factors sydney-city-centre-review-of-environmental-factors

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Identified those adverse impacts that would need safeguarding or managing under the proposal. Heritage value and significance were determined by referring to the significance grades included in Assessing Heritage Significance (Heritage Office, 2001). The assessment considered impacts on identified heritage values in terms of loss, partial destruction, impingement, setting, value, amenity and context. The study area’s archaeological potential was determined though a preliminary review of relevant documentation. The identified archaeological potential will be confirmed and refined during the proposal’s detailed design once more is understood about the final location and depth of the proposed excavations needed to adjust the utilities and drainage infrastructure (refer section 3.5) and undertake some of the supporting work activities described in Table 3-3 to Table 3-7. Impact ratings were used to assess the degree of potential impact. They include: Minor adverse impact, in instances where there is a potential indirect impact on a heritage item of local or state significance or an archaeological item of low potential Moderate adverse impact, in instances where there is a potential direct impact on a heritage item of local or state significance, an indirect impact on a heritage item of national or world heritage significance or a direct impact on an archaeological item of low or moderate potential Major adverse impact, in instances where there is a potential direct impact on a heritage item of national or world significance or an archaeological item of moderate or major potential. 6.3.2 Existing environment The non-Aboriginal heritage environment comprises two components, remnant subsurface archaeology and built heritage. These components are defined by the city’s post European-settlement and its subsequent development history. Sydney City was established in 1840. By 1870 its population had exceeded 200,000. This drove the demand for civic infrastructure and the establishment and expansion of the city’s railways and ports. It was also during the latter half of the 19 th century that many of the remaining cultural institutions were established. Macquarie Street was developed to create a ‘ceremonial thoroughfare’. Hyde Park and the Royal Botanic Gardens were also founded, with construction on St Mary’s cathedral starting in 1868. The modern-day street layout was also established along with many public buildings and the first major mass-transit system; through the development of an expansive tram system. By the early 20 th century, Sydney’s population had exceeded one million. Whilst hit badly by the Great Depression, it was during this period that the Sydney Harbour Bridge was built. This led to the reconfiguration and development of the north-west fringe of the city centre, broadly resulting in its current configuration and layout. Sydney City Centre Capacity Improvement 231 Review of Environmental Factors

Post World War II, Sydney enhanced its position as an education capital resulting in the development of five universities across the city. It was also during this period that the role of the city centre underwent major transformation. The development of new satellite communities led to the decentralisation of amenities and services. This left many of the city’s historic buildings vacant. Some buildings were demolished and replaced while others were reoccupied, albeit under alternative uses. Over time, aviation replaced shipping and slowly, the western city fringe, once comprising a dense network of warehouses and markets servicing Darling Harbour port, became redundant and vacant. By 1984, all port activities had ceased, leading to the subsequent regeneration of Darling Harbour and the surrounding streets. In the 1970s and 1980s the city also underwent significant social and economic transformation. This led to the development of a new (modern-day) skyline. Whilst the original street layout largely remained unaffected, several new iconic buildings were constructed; once again replacing many of the older historic buildings. Built heritage The proposal footprint is located in a study area that has undergone significant transformation over the past 180 years. It comprises one of the highest densities of built heritage in Australia. The built heritage reflects the city’s post European settlement and subsequent development history as described above. The built heritage comprises the historic (Hyde Park Barracks) to the modern (Sydney Opera House). It also comprises heritage items that are internationally significant and areas that provide a collective and important heritage value resulting in the establishment of conservation areas. Table 6-21 identifies key heritage-listed items located in the study area. These are also shown on Figure 6-2a to Figure 6-2e. Not all items are listed, just those that have the potential to either be directly (physical) and indirectly (visual, amenity, context and setting) impacted by the proposal. Appendix E supplements the information in the table. The table shows the heritage significance of each item as defined through its listing. If an item is listed on multiple registers, the most significant listing has been referenced. The table also summarises the location of each item. It does not specify which components of the heritage item are listed (eg façade, exterior, interior). This detail is provided in Appendix E. Certain heritage items front more than one location within the work site as referenced in the in Table 6-21. Sydney City Centre Capacity Improvement 232 Review of Environmental Factors

Post World War II, Sydney enhanced its position as an education capital resulting in<br />

the development <strong>of</strong> five universities across the <strong>city</strong>. It was also during this period that<br />

the role <strong>of</strong> the <strong>city</strong> <strong>centre</strong> underwent major transformation. The development <strong>of</strong> new<br />

satellite communities led to the decentralisation <strong>of</strong> amenities and services. This left<br />

many <strong>of</strong> the <strong>city</strong>’s historic buildings vacant. Some buildings were demolished and<br />

replaced while others were reoccupied, albeit under alternative uses.<br />

Over time, aviation replaced shipping and slowly, the western <strong>city</strong> fringe, once<br />

comprising a dense network <strong>of</strong> warehouses and markets servicing Darling Harbour<br />

port, became redundant and vacant. By 1984, all port activities had ceased, leading<br />

to the subsequent regeneration <strong>of</strong> Darling Harbour and the surrounding streets.<br />

In the 1970s and 1980s the <strong>city</strong> also underwent significant social and economic<br />

transformation. This led to the development <strong>of</strong> a new (modern-day) skyline. Whilst<br />

the original street layout largely remained unaffected, several new iconic buildings<br />

were constructed; once again replacing many <strong>of</strong> the older historic buildings.<br />

Built heritage<br />

The proposal footprint is located in a study area that has undergone significant<br />

transformation over the past 180 years. It comprises one <strong>of</strong> the highest densities <strong>of</strong><br />

built heritage in Australia. The built heritage reflects the <strong>city</strong>’s post European<br />

settlement and subsequent development history as described above. The built<br />

heritage comprises the historic (Hyde Park Barracks) to the modern (Sydney Opera<br />

House). It also comprises heritage items that are internationally significant and areas<br />

that provide a collective and important heritage value resulting in the establishment <strong>of</strong><br />

conservation areas.<br />

Table 6-21 identifies key heritage-listed items located in the study area. These are<br />

also shown on Figure 6-2a to Figure 6-2e. Not all items are listed, just those that<br />

have the potential to either be directly (physical) and indirectly (visual, amenity,<br />

context and setting) impacted by the proposal. Appendix E supplements the<br />

information in the table.<br />

The table shows the heritage significance <strong>of</strong> each item as defined through its listing.<br />

If an item is listed on multiple registers, the most significant listing has been<br />

referenced. The table also summarises the location <strong>of</strong> each item. It does not specify<br />

which components <strong>of</strong> the heritage item are listed (eg façade, exterior, interior). This<br />

detail is provided in Appendix E. Certain heritage items front more than one location<br />

within the work site as referenced in the in Table 6-21.<br />

Sydney City Centre Capa<strong>city</strong> Improvement 232<br />

Review <strong>of</strong> Environmental Factors

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