Literature Review on Provision of Appropriate and Accessible ...

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PAGE 84 - The introduction of a standard assessment protocol, which would reduce bias and introduce consistency in the way that mental capacity assessments are conducted (Ontario Ministry <strong>Literature</strong> of the Attorney <strong>Review</strong> General, on Provision 2005) of Appropriate and Accessible - Support Development to People of a with model an Intellectual consent policy Disability and consent who are forms, Experiencing Crisis Pregnancy together with an information leaflet (Department of Health, 2001, ‘Good Practice in Consent Implementation Guide: consent to examination or treatment’) - When formally assessing capacity, the need for a rigorous approach to expert evidence (i.e. evidence from the medical profession) was emphasised. In addition, it was noted that a participative element involving the person with an intellectual disability would lead to better decisionmaking and reduce the negative impact of the process on the person whose capacity is being assessed (Donnelly, 2007) - The need to recognise the heterogeneity of people with intellectual disabilities (Servais et al., 2002) - Difficulties in communication should not be confused with incapacity - The right of the competent individual to make the wrong decision, even for reasons that may be irrational or nonexistent to health professionals (Hobden and Mills, 2008) - A recognition that the mere presence of emotional responses such as panic or irrationality does not in itself indicate incompetence (Hobden and Mills, 2008) - Recognition of the fact that decision-making skills may be under-developed as a consequence of the limiting experience of restrictive environments (such as institutional and other controlled, congregate settings), family over-protectiveness, or other externally imposed barriers to growth and development including negative expectation of progress (selffulfilling prophecies) on the part of professional advisors (Ontario Ministry of the Attorney General, 2005). • The conception of the ‘best interests’ standard under the Mental Capacity Act 2005 in England and Wales was considered to contain good practice, specifically (Donnelly, 2008):
PAGE 85 - The requirement that the views of the person lacking capacity must be taken into account and the fact that it imposes an obligation on decision-makers to encourage participation as much as possible - The requirement to take account of the past wishes and feelings and the relevant beliefs and values which shows continuing respect for the right of autonomy of the person now lacking capacity - The person proposing to take the action must have objective reasons for thinking an action is in the best interests of the person who lacks capacity to consent to it. Support to People with an Intellectual Disability who are Accessible and Appropriate of Provision on <strong>Review</strong> <strong>Literature</strong> Experiencing Crisis Pregnancy Supports for women with intellectual disability in the area of contraceptive provision • In relation to supports for women with intellectual disability and contraception the following issues were identified: - It is essential that the general health needs of women with intellectual disability be viewed from the perspective of current standards of care and management while making adjustments to match individuals’ needs, abilities and other medical conditions (Grover, 2002) - The contraceptive and gynaecological needs of the intellectually disabled population do not differ widely from those of the general population (Grover, 2002) - The successful management of the contraceptive and menstrual concerns of young women with significant intellectual disability and high support needs can be readily met by approaches normally taken with non-disabled women (Grover, 2002) - Appropriate allowance for the longer consultation time involved in the care of women with intellectual disability. Access and referral by doctors to appropriate education and resources are additional requirements (Grover, 2002). In Ireland the Equal Status Acts 2000-2008 require service providers to provide reasonable accommodation for people with disabilities by providing special treatment and facilities if without such treatment or
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Literature <strong
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Literature <strong
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PAGE 5 Foreword by the HSE Crisis P
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PAGE 7 Foreword by the National Dis
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PAGE 9 About the author Joan O’Co
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PAGE 11 2.5.4 Codes of practice 52
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PAGE 13 4.5.1 Challenges in support
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PAGE 15 Glossary of terms Enduring
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PAGE 17 • The pattern of contrace
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PAGE 19 • The review considers th
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PAGE 21 • To describe the challen
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PAGE 23 on how impairments affect f
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PAGE 25 • Searches by publication
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PAGE 27 • Differences in definiti
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PAGE 29 • 32 per cent (8,262 indi
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PAGE 31 1.7 Heterogeneity People wi
Page 33 and 34: PAGE 33 McCarthy (1999: 44) notes t
Page 35 and 36: PAGE 35 partner was the same age, a
Page 37 and 38: PAGE 37 1.10 Structure of the revie
Page 39 and 40: PAGE 39 is placed on their health a
Page 41 and 42: PAGE 41 McCarthy (1999: 221), who c
Page 43 and 44: PAGE 43 • Contraception in women
Page 45 and 46: PAGE 45 Wehmeyer and Bolding’s re
Page 47 and 48: PAGE 47 persons who lack decision-m
Page 49 and 50: PAGE 49 • Consent and capacity in
Page 51 and 52: PAGE 51 2. When doing the act, reas
Page 53 and 54: PAGE 53 2.6 Critique of the Law Ref
Page 55 and 56: PAGE 55 or she is unable to make a
Page 57 and 58: PAGE 57 Good practice provisions of
Page 59 and 60: PAGE 59 reasonably can to work out
Page 61 and 62: PAGE 61 has reasonable grounds to b
Page 63 and 64: PAGE 63 They point out that evaluat
Page 65 and 66: PAGE 65 2.8.2 Assessment of capacit
Page 67 and 68: PAGE 67 In the absence of explicit
Page 69 and 70: PAGE 69 4. Physical disabilities, n
Page 71 and 72: PAGE 71 The British Medical Associa
Page 73 and 74: PAGE 73 legislation in this area an
Page 75 and 76: PAGE 75 • Consideration of whethe
Page 77 and 78: PAGE 77 perceive sexual activity as
Page 79 and 80: PAGE 79 The right to have children
Page 81 and 82: PAGE 81 • In relation to capacity
Page 83: PAGE 83 more serious the decision,
Page 87 and 88: PAGE 87 3.0 Capacity to consent to
Page 89 and 90: PAGE 89 The following rights, oblig
Page 91 and 92: PAGE 91 relationships of various ki
Page 93 and 94: PAGE 93 Studies consistently show t
Page 95 and 96: PAGE 95 Functional approach is base
Page 97 and 98: PAGE 97 • There needs to be a rea
Page 99 and 100: PAGE 99 of capacity to consent to s
Page 101 and 102: PAGE 101 Meanwhile, the authors fou
Page 103 and 104: PAGE 103 3.8 Situational aspect of
Page 105 and 106: PAGE 105 3.11 Laws that prohibit se
Page 107 and 108: PAGE 107 autonomy and fulfilment. I
Page 109 and 110: PAGE 109 laws generally require tha
Page 111 and 112: PAGE 111 • Offences where the def
Page 113 and 114: PAGE 113 2002; McCabe, 1999). Grayd
Page 115 and 116: PAGE 115 higher prosecution rates.
Page 117 and 118: PAGE 117 Section 17 of the Crimes (
Page 119 and 120: PAGE 119 relationships. The study i
Page 121 and 122: PAGE 121 Table 3: Comparative legis
Page 123 and 124: PAGE 123 Legal aspect Ireland Unite
Page 125 and 126: PAGE 125 Legal aspect Relevant legi
Page 127 and 128: PAGE 127 any formal contract or tes
Page 129 and 130: PAGE 129 Laws that prohibit sex wit
Page 131 and 132: PAGE 131 and the particular pressur
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PAGE 135 • 44 per cent knew that
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PAGE 137 be perceived as a risk fac
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PAGE 139 4.3.1 Components of sex ed
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PAGE 141 introduced students not on
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PAGE 143 to have a significant impa
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PAGE 145 about pregnancy and childb
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PAGE 147 Eastgate (2008), writing i
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PAGE 149 • Considered themselves
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PAGE 151 4.7 Pregnancy outcomes in
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PAGE 153 The authors suggested that
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PAGE 155 Research indicates that le
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PAGE 157 Klaar (1999) notes that so
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PAGE 159 Workers might also need to
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PAGE 161 • Possible components of
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PAGE 163 Accessing services • The
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PAGE 165 5.0 Parenting 5.1 Introduc
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PAGE 167 5.2 Approaches to understa
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PAGE 169 fulfilling three condition
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PAGE 171 Tarleton et al.’s study
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PAGE 173 vulnerable if a breakdown
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PAGE 175 More recent research on mo
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PAGE 177 while training programmes
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PAGE 179 5.8 Adequacy of training a
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PAGE 181 5.10 Key findings Key find
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PAGE 183 Professional and training
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Support to People with an Intellect
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PAGE 187 The review examined nation
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PAGE 189 A number of issues have be
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PAGE 191 6.5 Capacity to consent to
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PAGE 193 • A number of commentato
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PAGE 195 • During the early stage
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PAGE 197 Bibliography Affleck, F. (
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PAGE 199 Bartlett, P. (2008) Blacks
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PAGE 201 Booth, T. & Booth, W. (200
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PAGE 203 Burgen, B. (2008a) ‘Stra
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PAGE 205 Cuskelly, M. & Bryde, R. (
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PAGE 207 Issues in Sexuality and Le
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PAGE 209 The Mental Health Foundati
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PAGE 211 Gust, D.A., Wang, S.A., Gr
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PAGE 213 Kaplan C. & Richman S. (20
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PAGE 215 Leutar, Z. & Mihokovic, M
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PAGE 217 Mayes, R., Llewellyn, G. &
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PAGE 219 McConnell, D., Llewellyn,
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PAGE 221 Murphy, G.H. & Clare, I.C.
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PAGE 223 O’Hara, J. & Sperlinger,
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PAGE 225 Rogers, J. (1997) Birthcoa
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PAGE 227 period 1988 to 1999. Journ
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PAGE 229 Traustadottir, R. (1997) W
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PAGE 231 Watson, G. & Rogers, R. (1
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PAGE 233 Appendices Appendix A - Co
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PAGE 235 Form 4 D Involvement of th
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PAGE 237 Guidance to health profess
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PAGE 239 involve people close to th
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Experiencing Crisis Pregnancy <stro
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