Literature Review on Provision of Appropriate and Accessible ...
Literature Review on Provision of Appropriate and Accessible ...
Literature Review on Provision of Appropriate and Accessible ...
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PAGE 104<br />
safety; no exploitati<strong>on</strong>; no abuse; ability to say ‘no’; <strong>and</strong> socially<br />
appropriate time <strong>and</strong> place.<br />
Ames <strong>and</strong> Samowitz <str<strong>on</strong>g>Literature</str<strong>on</strong>g> assert <str<strong>on</strong>g>Review</str<strong>on</strong>g> that <strong>on</strong> Provisi<strong>on</strong> it critical <strong>of</strong> <strong>Appropriate</strong> for the residential <strong>and</strong> <strong>Accessible</strong> provider<br />
Support to People with an Intellectual Disability who are<br />
agency to provide adequate supervisi<strong>on</strong> <strong>and</strong> guidance to the individuals<br />
Experiencing Crisis Pregnancy<br />
so as to ensure c<strong>on</strong>tinued m<strong>on</strong>itoring <strong>of</strong> an individual’s resp<strong>on</strong>sible<br />
sexual behaviour <strong>and</strong> c<strong>on</strong>sent. Kaeser (1992) argues that if individuals<br />
with severe intellectual disabilities show by their behaviour that they<br />
wish to engage in certain forms <strong>of</strong> sexual c<strong>on</strong>tact, <strong>and</strong> if the care team<br />
c<strong>on</strong>siders that this c<strong>on</strong>tact could improve the quality <strong>of</strong> the individuals’<br />
lives, then third-party c<strong>on</strong>sent should be sought, the same as it is in<br />
other matters judged to be in a pers<strong>on</strong>’s best interests.<br />
3.10 Protective legislati<strong>on</strong><br />
McCarthy (1999) stresses that acknowledging the vulnerability <strong>of</strong> people<br />
with intellectual disability in a legal sense may c<strong>on</strong>tribute towards<br />
changing public opini<strong>on</strong>, which is either ignorant about the lives <strong>of</strong><br />
individuals with intellectual disability, or unaware <strong>of</strong> their existence. The<br />
very real need to provide adequate protecti<strong>on</strong> to people who may be in<br />
vulnerable circumstances cannot be overstated; states have therefore<br />
enacted various laws providing different levels <strong>of</strong> protecti<strong>on</strong> to adults<br />
with intellectual disability at risk.<br />
In most countries there exists the presumpti<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> capacity <strong>and</strong> a principle<br />
<strong>of</strong> aut<strong>on</strong>omy which is provided for typically in human rights legislati<strong>on</strong><br />
(Europe) <strong>and</strong> in the Bill <strong>of</strong> Rights (US). The following discussi<strong>on</strong> presents<br />
the main ways in which perpetrators <strong>of</strong> sexual crimes against people<br />
with learning disabilities can be prosecuted (framework adapted from<br />
McCarthy & Thomps<strong>on</strong>, 2004):<br />
• Laws that prohibit sex with people deemed unable to c<strong>on</strong>sent to<br />
sex<br />
• Laws that incorporate a functi<strong>on</strong>al approach to assessment <strong>of</strong><br />
capacity to c<strong>on</strong>sent to sex<br />
• Generic laws applying to sex without c<strong>on</strong>sent<br />
• Laws that prohibit specific sexual relati<strong>on</strong>ships.