child care - Digital Library Collections
child care - Digital Library Collections child care - Digital Library Collections
Acknowledgments Susanne Martinez, director of programs and policy at the Children's Defense Fund (CDF), oversaw development of this book and provided overall editorial direction. Kathryn Kline Dahl was the principal editor, with assistance from Diane Minor, director of publications. Many individuals at CDF and elsewhere contributed to the content and may be contacted for further information about their subjects. CDF contributors include MaryLee Allen and Jamila Larson (children and families in crisis); Helen Blank, Gina Adams, and Karen Schulman (child care); Stan Dorn, Martha Teitelbaum, and Jill Jones (child health); Kim Wade and Holly M. Jackson (children and violence); and Deborah Weinstein, Arloc Sherman, and Nancy Ebb (family income). Data were produced and analyzed by Paul Smith and Janet Simons. Elizabeth Reynolds assisted with copyediting and proofreading, and Jennifer Leonard managed production. Joanne Pittman provided administrative support. Special thanks go to outside contributors: Robert Greenstein ofthe Center on Budget and Policy Priorities (child nutrition); Melissa Ludtke (adolescent pregnancy); Wayne Sherwood (housing); and Alan Zuckerman ofthe National Youth Employment Coalition (youth employment). Feroza Fitch ofLexicon Graphics provided typesetting and design services. The creation, publication, and distribution of this book were underwritten by an endowment gift froin the DeWitt-Wallace Reader's Digest Fund. Media inquiries should be directed to Sarah Howe.
Contents Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Introduction: A Child Shall Lead Us . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ix xi 1 Family Income 1 Family Income: 1973 to 1998 I Child Poverty: Pervasive and Persistent 4 Why Poverty Matters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Legislative Progress in 1997 5 Implementing the 1996 Welfare Law 7 The Effects of Welfare Changes: Putting More Children at Risk. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. II Inadequate Child Support. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 13 An Effective State Initiative: Making Work Pay in Illinois 13 Moving Forward: A 1998 Agenda for Action. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 14 Spotlight on Housing and Homelessness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 2 Child Health 21 Child Health: 1973 to 1998 21 Uninsured Children: An Urgent Problem 25 CHIP: A Landmark Federal-State Partnership for Child Health 26 New Federal Developments in Medicaid Coverage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 30 New Developments in Managed Care 31 Progress in Maternal and Child Health 33 Effective State, Local, and Private Initiatives 34 Moving Forward: A 1998 Agenda for Action. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 35 3 Child Care 37 Child Care: 1973 to 1998 37 Federal Action in 1997 42 Uneven Progress by States 42 Recent Research Findings 44 Effective State and Local Initiatives 45 Moving Forward: A 1998 Agenda for Action. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 46 Spotlight on Education 48 CHILDRE 'S DEFE SE FUND V
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Contents<br />
Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..<br />
Introduction: A Child Shall Lead Us . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..<br />
ix<br />
xi<br />
1 Family Income 1<br />
Family Income: 1973 to 1998<br />
I<br />
Child Poverty: Pervasive and Persistent 4<br />
Why Poverty Matters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4<br />
Legislative Progress in 1997 5<br />
Implementing the 1996 Welfare Law 7<br />
The Effects of Welfare Changes: Putting More Children at Risk. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. II<br />
Inadequate Child Support. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 13<br />
An Effective State Initiative: Making Work Pay in Illinois 13<br />
Moving Forward: A 1998 Agenda for Action. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 14<br />
Spotlight on Housing and Homelessness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16<br />
2 Child Health 21<br />
Child Health: 1973 to 1998 21<br />
Uninsured Children: An Urgent Problem 25<br />
CHIP: A Landmark Federal-State Partnership for Child Health 26<br />
New Federal Developments in Medicaid Coverage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 30<br />
New Developments in Managed Care 31<br />
Progress in Maternal and Child Health 33<br />
Effective State, Local, and Private Initiatives 34<br />
Moving Forward: A 1998 Agenda for Action. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 35<br />
3 Child Care 37<br />
Child Care: 1973 to 1998 37<br />
Federal Action in 1997 42<br />
Uneven Progress by States 42<br />
Recent Research Findings 44<br />
Effective State and Local Initiatives 45<br />
Moving Forward: A 1998 Agenda for Action. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 46<br />
Spotlight on Education 48<br />
CHILDRE 'S DEFE SE FUND V
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