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THE STATE OF AMERICA'S CHILDREN YEARBOOK 1998 Figures I Comparison ofPoor and Nonpoor Children xiii 1.1 The Working Poor. 2 1.2 Income Inequality 3 1.3 Income Sources for Poor Families. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.4 Inadequacy ofthe Minimum Wage 6 2.1 More Children Immunized 24 2.2 Uninsured Children 25 2.3 Common Health Problems of Children and Working-Age Adults 29 2.4 Growth ofMedicaid Managed Care 31 3.1 Training Requirements for Teachers in Child Care Centers 40 3.2 Training Requirements for Family Child Care Providers 41 3.3 Who's Watching the Children? 44 4.1 Food Assistance Cuts 54 4.2 Fewer Food Stamp Recipients 55 4.3 Participation in Food Programs 59 4.4 More School Meals 60 5.1 Children Served by the Child Welfare System 65 5.2 What Becomes ofChildren in Foster Care? A Look at Six States 67 5.3 Children in Relatives' Care 69 6.1 Homicides ofTeens 82 6.2 Juvenile Arrests 83 7.1 Rise in Births to Unmarried Teens 94 7.2 Teen Birth Rates: International Comparisons 95 7.3 Racial Disparity in Teen Birth Rates 96 viii CHI L D R EN'S D E FEN S E FUN D
Preface In 1998 the Children's Defense Fund celebrates 25 years of research, public education, policy development, and advocacy for children. We also celebrate the 30th anniversary of the Washington Research Project, CDF's parent organization and a pioneer in the public interest law movement. The Poor People's Campaign, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.'s last crusade, attempted to move America beyond civil rights to address social and economic needs to assure families', children's, and America's future. That is what CDF has been trying to do and will continue to do until we succeed. I never dreamed it would be so hard for America to do what is right and sensible for children. But I am very proud and grateful for the significant progress that we and others have achieved for children. Billions of dollars in new child investments and major new education, child care, child health, and child welfare laws, regulations, and protections now reach millions of children. For example, the Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975 (94-142), the forerunner of today's Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, established a federal right to education for children with disabilities. It has yielded $40.4 billion in special education funding since Fiscal Year 1976. CDF's first report, Children Out ofSchool in America, documented the exclusion of children with disabilities. Before 94-142, Office of Education data showed 37.5 percent ofschool-age children with disabilities were unserved by schools. Today fewer than I percent are neither evaluated nor served. The Child Care and Development Block Grant has provided $7.1 billion since 1991 to help parents work and children receive better-quality child care. We seek to expand its funding in our 1998 campaign to ensure quality and affordable options for all parents of preschool and school-age children. The $48 billion State Children's Health Insurance Program (CH~), created in 1997, will reach 5 million children over 10 years when fully implemented. Past Medicaid child health expansions have given millions more children a Healthy Start, and child immunization rates are rising again, thanks to the Vaccines for Children Program. An unpaid Family and Medical Leave Act was finally enacted in 1993. More than 17 million children have received a Head Start and are succeeding in school and in life. Millions more children have new protections against child abuse and neglect, live in permanent adoptive homes, and are able to get enough food, thanks to the expansion of family and child nutrition programs. But no victories are ever final, as we have seen in repeated attacks to dismantle the safety net for poor, disabled, and immigrant children and families. That is why we are continuing to build a movement by developing a critical mass ofleaders and strengthening community capacity in order to make it un-American to hurt children and to finish the task ofgiving all children a decent, safe, and happy future. The nearly 300,000 people who stood for children on June I, 1996, at the Lincoln Memorial and who continue to stand in their communities provide the foundation for the next stage of movement-building for children and families. . CHILDREN'S DEFENSE FUND IX
Page 2 and 3: About CDF he Children's Defense Fun
Page 4 and 5: Copyright © 1998 by Children's Def
Page 6 and 7: Acknowledgments Susanne Martinez, d
Page 8 and 9: THE STATE OF AMERICA'S CHILDREN YEA
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THE STATE OF AMERICA'S CHILDREN YEA
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CHAPTER CHILD NUTRITION any America
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CHILD NUTRITION gram requirements,
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CHAPTER CHILDREN AND FAMILIES IN CR
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CHAPTER ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY fter r
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ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY 512,115 babies
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ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY ings. However,
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106 CHI L D R EN' S D E FEN S E FUN
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THE STATE OF AMERICA'S CHILDRE YEAR
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THE STATE OF AMERICA'S HILDREN YEAR
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