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State Board of Education <br />
The California State Board of Education (SBE) was established first by statute in 1852,<br />
then by amendment to the California Constitution in 1884. Both the Constitution and<br />
statutes set forth the SBE’s duties. Constitutional duties of the SBE are (1) the<br />
appointment of one deputy and three associate superintendents upon nomination of the<br />
State Superintendent of Public Instruction (SSPI); and (2) the adoption of textbooks for<br />
use in grades one through eight.<br />
The SBE, by statute, is the governing and policy-determining body of the California<br />
Department of Education (CDE). Statute also assigns the SBE a variety of other<br />
responsibilities, including:<br />
• Regulations—The SBE adopts rules and regulations for its own government, the<br />
government of its appointees, and the government of the state’s public schools.<br />
• Standards—The SBE has approved rigorous statewide academic standards for<br />
content and student performance in English/language arts, mathematics, history–<br />
social science, science, visual and performing arts, and physical education.<br />
• Curriculum frameworks—The SBE adopts curriculum frameworks in reading–<br />
language arts, foreign language, history–social science, health, mathematics,<br />
physical education, science, and the visual and performing arts. These<br />
frameworks are based on previously approved academic standards. In 2007, the<br />
SBE adopted a curricular framework for career technical education. The<br />
frameworks inform and guide the local development and implementation of<br />
specific curricula for kindergarten through high school, as well as serve as the<br />
basis for the adoption of instructional materials.<br />
• Instructional materials—The SBE adopts instructional materials for<br />
kindergarten through grade eight (K–8) in reading–language arts, foreign<br />
language, mathematics, science, history–social science, health, and visual and<br />
performing arts. The state provides local educational agencies with special<br />
funding each year for the purchase of SBE-adopted instructional materials for<br />
grades K–8 and locally adopted instructional materials for grades 9–12.<br />
• Waivers—The SBE considers requests from local educational agencies to waive<br />
statutory and regulatory requirements.<br />
• Assessment—The SBE adopts tests and sets policies for the Standardized<br />
Testing and Reporting (STAR) Program and the California High School Exit<br />
Examination. The initial California Legislation authorizing the STAR program was<br />
signed into law in 1997. Since the initial authorization, the SBE has designated<br />
the achievement test, initially the Stanford 9 and currently the California<br />
Achievement Tests, Sixth Edition Survey, and the primary language achievement<br />
test, Spanish Assessment of Basic Education, Second Edition (SABE/2); adopted<br />
regulations for the program; approved and monitored the development of the<br />
California Standards Tests (CSTs) and the California Alternate Performance<br />
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