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Class Size
A major reform implemented in California public schools in 1996 was class size
reduction (CSR) for kindergarten through grade three (K-3). In addition, the Morgan-
Hart CSR program for high schools, which began in 1989 to serve a limited number of
high schools (grades nine through twelve), was amended in 1998 to fund all ninth
graders in two core subject areas. These programs continue to be voluntary. Penalties
exist for schools that exceed maximum class size limits.
K–3 Class Size Reduction (State Program)
The K–3 CSR program was implemented to increase student achievement, particularly
in reading and math, by decreasing class size. It is an incentive program in which
districts decide whether and how much to participate.
In the 2006-07 school year, there is $1.7 billion available for the state CSR program.
There are two CSR implementation options:
• Option 1: Full day
o One certificated teacher for each class of 20 or fewer pupils
o $1,024 per pupil
• Option 2: Half-day
o One certificated teacher for every 20 pupils for at least one-half of the
instructional minutes offered per day, with the primary focus on instruction in
reading and mathematics
o $512 per pupil
The state CSR program also has the following key elements:
• Each class must average 20.44 (using daily enrollment) or fewer pupils from the
first day of school through April 15.
• Classes must have certificated teachers only—no aides.
• Four grades may participate at each school (K–3).
• Priority order must be followed: first priority is grade one; second priority is grade
two; third priority is kindergarten and/or grade three.
• Staff development must be provided for newly participating teachers.
• Districts are subject to an annual independent audit process.
• Districts with only one school serving K–3 pupils and no more than two classes
per grade level may have up to 22 pupils per K–3 class as long as the average for
all participating classes at that school is 20 pupils and the district’s governing
board has certified that the school has no other option.
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