marcus garvey pan african university - Blackherbals.com
marcus garvey pan african university - Blackherbals.com marcus garvey pan african university - Blackherbals.com
Continued from page 29 – Applied Afrikology, Restorative Practices and Community Resilience in the Mt. Elgon Area as well as in their modes of articulation and communication of issues of human rights. The lack of meaningful interface between the two groups appears to be a problem deriving from the issue of language, culture, and meaning. Thus, this afrikological community conversation was a direct attempt at scratching the fabric and personality of Afrikology, in order to try and understand what is in the heart, not just the mind of those engaged in the conversations. It adopted the use of dialogue as opposed to debate; this is because dialogue unlike debate emphasizes listening to deepen understanding. A dialogue draws participants from as many parts of the community as possible to exchange information faceto-face, share personal stories and experiences, honestly express perspectives, clarify viewpoints, and develop solutions to community concerns. Dialogues go beyond sharing and understanding to transforming participants. While the process begins with the individual, it eventually involves groups and institutions. It develops common values and allows participants to express their own interests. It expects that participants will grow in understanding and may decide to act together with common goals. In dialogue, participants can question and reevaluate their assumptions. Through this process, people are learning to work together to improve relations. The nature of the dialogue process can motivate people to work towards change. Ultimately, dialogues can affect how policies are made. This in effect is restorative learning and unlearning that can only be cultivated by the use of an afrikological epistemology. Background to the dialogues On Saturday 16 th April 2011, a conference organized by Afrika Study Centre was held at Marcus Garvey University’s Mbale campus, brought together a number of stake holders (mostly women) from the world of NGOs and civil society at large. The conference identified a number of community researchers from Uganda and Kenya. During the conference, it was decided that two researchers (a female and male) be part and parcel of each dialogue. These researchers were required to identify a number of persons from their respective communities to engage in the dialogues, it was agreed that these dialogues be held at the heart of their rural communities, this it was thought would create a comfortable environment for rural dwellers thereby allowing them an opportunity to engage in the dialogue truthfully and without fear that at times is brought about by the “big hotel culture” that hinders certain community members from speaking honestly from their hearts, perhaps for fear of being ridiculed as not “fitting in” or perceived as saying the “wrong things”. The idea of the project, the late Professor Nabudere said, came as a result of a regional conference on Restorative Justice and International Humanitarian Law that he had helped organise back in 2008 in Nairobi, Kenya. He informed the conference that during the three day conference which featured prime ministers, ministers of justice and legal, and community experts around the East African community, he opposed the idea raised by some participants that the question of women and human rights in East Africa were confined to the tradition Vs modernity dichotomy. He instead argued that it was a question of language and culture. “There is lack of interfacing between the researcher and the researched. The ‘NGO expert’ ought to meet with the community and converse the issue of meaning” added Nabudere. Language and meaning Nabudere argued that language is a guide to social reality, and that it is the medium of expression for African societies. Therefore, from this perspective, experience is largely determined by the language habits of the community, and that each separate structure represents a separate reality. Mukasa Luutu, the Vice Chancellor of MPAU, who chaired the Mbale conference supplemented Nabudere by adding that language is a modeling system, and that “no language can exist unless it is steeped in the context of culture; and no culture can exist which does not have at its center, the structure of natural language”. This is apparent in the use of vocabulary and the semantics of words. Luutu pointed out to the conference that all education in East Africa has been colonially oriented; it had delinked people from their communities and societies. “Education as such has been presented to us as modernity-which has created a further distance between individuals and their rural community”. Giving an example of the Missionary schools in East Africa, Luutu argued that their primary mission was to change the character of the individual. These days, the script is clear. The state through the constitution imposes cultural restrictions under the auspices of the human rights law- i.e., you are allowed to do all you want culturally as long as it is not repugnant, in some cultures homosexuality is considered repugnant. The law criminalises this. Good conscience is considered good Christian values. Polygamous relations are prohibited but having many mistresses is allowed. Continued on page 31 -30- Traditional African Clinic August 2013
Continued from page 30 – Applied Afrikology, Restorative Practices and Community Resilience in the Mt. Elgon Area A consensus later build up on the conference that the vocabulary of a language plays an important role as a window into the universe of knowledge of its speakers and their view of the world around them. Words are taken as a label of aspects of culture, and are thus an index of the cultural world of society. If a language does not have a term for something, it may mean that thing is probably not important in that culture. On the other hand, if a language has a set of names for something then perhaps that thing reflects some cultural essence of the people. Clearly, from Nabudere’s point of view, there is no particular language or culture that names everything or catalogues the whole compass of knowledge of the world. Underlying a word, therefore, is its relationship with other words, and the goal of analysis is to discover vocabulary sets that carry the underlying semantic components of the language and a people's culture. The outcome of the Mbale Conference led us to identify the following: • Community researchers (male and females numbering 12). • Individuals for dialogue. • The need to hold workshops to clarify appropriate approaches and ideas. • The need to hold regional workshops for sharing experiences. • The need to monitor and assess progress. The Conference also pointed out the four key areas that guided the basis of our dialogues: a) • Bridal Price. b) • Widowhood and Inheritance rights. c) • Gender Based Violence (domestic violence). d) • Female Genital Mutilation (FGM). Acholi Community Dialogue The Acholi dialogue focused on two of the above issues, (a) Bride Price and (c) Gender Based Violence. This dialogue was of particular importance more so because of what the communities around this region have gone through. The northern armed conflict between the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA) led by Joseph Kony’s (now a fugitive from international justice) and Uganda’s national army (Uganda Peoples Defense Forces-UPDF) that ended in 2006 as a result of a peace agreement signed in Juba, in the then Republic of Sudan, was one of the longest armed rebellion in Uganda’s history and one of the worlds’ worst humanitarian disasters. It began soon after President Yoweri Museveni usurped power in 1986 also through a five year armed-guerrilla war. It led to the deaths of thousands while at the same time leaving around two million people internally displaced. The 23 year civil war also led to a near collapse of family and traditional structures; communities in this area registered high levels of poverty and crime rates, they became dependent on the state and the donor community as agricultural activities and other income generating activities were restricted by the state on grounds of safety, consequently it also led to the prevalence of HIV and AIDS in the area. As is mostly the case in conflict situations, of all the structural and physical violence that this community experienced, it was women and children that suffered the most. With this background in mind, I took my seat in the forum on Thursday 11 th August 2011, at the Acholi Paramount Chief’s home a few miles west of Gulu town. A prayer was said in Acholi and the moderator (Mr. Lak) then proceeded to introduce the topic, speaking in Acholi, he explained the reason why the dialogue was being conducted in their native language, he then asked each and every participant to introduce themselves, explaining their backgrounds. This, the moderator explained “was important as it makes people understand each other and each other’s points of view. “At times our point of view bares a direct correlation to our background. For the benefit of our friend Elly Wanda, the research’s coordinator, who doesn’t speak or understand our language, but is interested in what we all have to say, May I ask Ms Lapot to go and sit next to him, to assist him with translations. Thank you!” The moderator, then encouraged women participants not shy away from expressing their opinions, however “embarrassing” or displeasing they may appear, “this after all is the aim of dialogue”, he said. The forum made up of fourteen women and eleven men begun the dialogue on none other than Joseph Kony, the elusive rebel leader of the LRA, a terrorist outfit described above that has terrorised the Acholi community for a period close to a quarter of a century. The question “who was Kony’s mother?” asked by Vicky Arayo (local Councilor), in perhaps trying to understand Joseph Kony’s background, and maybe to also reach her own sense of closure triggered a heated discussion on African feminity and the role of mothers in conflict resolutions. Riming well with an observation made earlier by Nabudere that one cardinal requirement of Afrikology is the feminine principle in African consciousness and existence; Professor Continued on page 32 -31- Traditional African Clinic August 2013
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Continued from page 30 – Applied Afrikology, Restorative<br />
Practices and Community Resilience in the Mt. Elgon Area<br />
A consensus later build up on the conference that the<br />
vocabulary of a language plays an important role as a<br />
window into the universe of knowledge of its speakers<br />
and their view of the world around them. Words are taken<br />
as a label of aspects of culture, and are thus an index of<br />
the cultural world of society. If a language does not have<br />
a term for something, it may mean that thing is probably<br />
not important in that culture. On the other hand, if a<br />
language has a set of names for something then perhaps<br />
that thing reflects some cultural essence of the people.<br />
Clearly, from Nabudere’s point of view, there is no<br />
particular language or culture that names everything or<br />
catalogues the whole <strong>com</strong>pass of knowledge of the world.<br />
Underlying a word, therefore, is its relationship with<br />
other words, and the goal of analysis is to discover<br />
vocabulary sets that carry the underlying semantic<br />
<strong>com</strong>ponents of the language and a people's culture.<br />
The out<strong>com</strong>e of the Mbale Conference led us to<br />
identify the following:<br />
• Community researchers (male and females<br />
numbering 12).<br />
• Individuals for dialogue.<br />
• The need to hold workshops to clarify<br />
appropriate approaches and ideas.<br />
• The need to hold regional workshops for sharing<br />
experiences.<br />
• The need to monitor and assess progress.<br />
The Conference also pointed out the four key areas<br />
that guided the basis of our dialogues:<br />
a) • Bridal Price.<br />
b) • Widowhood and Inheritance rights.<br />
c) • Gender Based Violence (domestic violence).<br />
d) • Female Genital Mutilation (FGM).<br />
Acholi Community Dialogue<br />
The Acholi dialogue focused on two of the above issues,<br />
(a) Bride Price and (c) Gender Based Violence. This<br />
dialogue was of particular importance more so because of<br />
what the <strong>com</strong>munities around this region have gone<br />
through. The northern armed conflict between the Lord’s<br />
Resistance Army (LRA) led by Joseph Kony’s (now a<br />
fugitive from international justice) and Uganda’s national<br />
army (Uganda Peoples Defense Forces-UPDF) that ended<br />
in 2006 as a result of a peace agreement signed in Juba,<br />
in the then Republic of Sudan, was one of the longest<br />
armed rebellion in Uganda’s history and one of the<br />
worlds’ worst humanitarian disasters. It began soon<br />
after President Yoweri Museveni usurped power in<br />
1986 also through a five year armed-guerrilla war. It<br />
led to the deaths of thousands while at the same time<br />
leaving around two million people internally displaced.<br />
The 23 year civil war also led to a near collapse of<br />
family and traditional structures; <strong>com</strong>munities in this<br />
area registered high levels of poverty and crime rates,<br />
they became dependent on the state and the donor<br />
<strong>com</strong>munity as agricultural activities and other in<strong>com</strong>e<br />
generating activities were restricted by the state on<br />
grounds of safety, consequently it also led to the<br />
prevalence of HIV and AIDS in the area. As is mostly<br />
the case in conflict situations, of all the structural and<br />
physical violence that this <strong>com</strong>munity experienced, it<br />
was women and children that suffered the most. With<br />
this background in mind, I took my seat in the forum on<br />
Thursday 11 th August 2011, at the Acholi Paramount<br />
Chief’s home a few miles west of Gulu town.<br />
A prayer was said in Acholi and the moderator (Mr.<br />
Lak) then proceeded to introduce the topic, speaking in<br />
Acholi, he explained the reason why the dialogue was<br />
being conducted in their native language, he then asked<br />
each and every partici<strong>pan</strong>t to introduce themselves,<br />
explaining their backgrounds. This, the moderator<br />
explained “was important as it makes people<br />
understand each other and each other’s points of view.<br />
“At times our point of view bares a direct correlation to<br />
our background. For the benefit of our friend Elly<br />
Wanda, the research’s coordinator, who doesn’t speak<br />
or understand our language, but is interested in what we<br />
all have to say, May I ask Ms Lapot to go and sit next<br />
to him, to assist him with translations. Thank you!”<br />
The moderator, then encouraged women partici<strong>pan</strong>ts<br />
not shy away from expressing their opinions, however<br />
“embarrassing” or displeasing they may appear, “this<br />
after all is the aim of dialogue”, he said. The forum<br />
made up of fourteen women and eleven men begun the<br />
dialogue on none other than Joseph Kony, the elusive<br />
rebel leader of the LRA, a terrorist outfit described<br />
above that has terrorised the Acholi <strong>com</strong>munity for a<br />
period close to a quarter of a century.<br />
The question “who was Kony’s mother?” asked by<br />
Vicky Arayo (local Councilor), in perhaps trying to<br />
understand Joseph Kony’s background, and maybe to<br />
also reach her own sense of closure triggered a heated<br />
discussion on African feminity and the role of mothers<br />
in conflict resolutions. Riming well with an observation<br />
made earlier by Nabudere that one cardinal<br />
requirement of Afrikology is the feminine principle in<br />
African consciousness and existence; Professor<br />
Continued on page 32<br />
-31- Traditional African Clinic August 2013