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The RAPID 2013 Conference & Exposition Directory - Society of ...

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models from actual patient anatomy. <strong>The</strong> models are created<br />

with an interdisciplinary approach that repurposes traditional<br />

and modern modeling techniques (e.g. lost wax castings from<br />

3D-printed models). Wax RP, now accurate within 10 microns, is<br />

used to create the model core, which is then translated into a<br />

metal core via casting. <strong>The</strong> polished metal core is embedded into<br />

an optically clear urethane block and the metal is subsequently<br />

evacuated. In addition to flow models for experiments, providing<br />

a surgeon with a to-scale and highly accurate representation <strong>of</strong><br />

patient-specific anatomy may lead to better-informed surgical<br />

decisions. This interdisciplinary modeling leverages the latest<br />

wax-RP technology to create accurate, scale vascular models in<br />

a cost- and-time-effective manner.<br />

3:30–3:55 pm<br />

Streamlining the Biomodeling and Biomedical<br />

Design and Development Processes<br />

Arif Sirinterlikci, PhD, Pr<strong>of</strong>essor <strong>of</strong> Engineering/Interim Head,<br />

Robert Morris University<br />

can be used to guide tissue regeneration. We have previously<br />

demonstrated the use <strong>of</strong> a commercial continuous Digital Light<br />

Processing (cDLP) device to prepare bone tissue engineering<br />

implants from poly(propylene fumarate) (PPF) using one dye,<br />

titanium dioxide, and one photo crosslinking initiator, Bis(2,4,6-<br />

trimethylbenzoyl)-phenylphosphineoxide (BAPO), with accuracy<br />

in the tens <strong>of</strong> microns. Higher resolution 3D printing <strong>of</strong> these<br />

implants could be used to improve control over pore geometry<br />

and implant resorption. We have recently determined that the<br />

resolution <strong>of</strong> cDLP-rendered PPF implants can be increased<br />

through the use <strong>of</strong> two dyes, titanium dioxide and oxybenzone<br />

(2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone), along with BAPO. It<br />

appears that titanium dioxide alone acts to scatter, and therefore<br />

block, incoming light. This controls resolution in the “Z”<br />

direction. Oxybenzone appears to absorb, and therefore block,<br />

the scattering <strong>of</strong> light laterally, thereby controlling resolution in<br />

the “X” and “Y” directions. <strong>The</strong>se two dyes also appear to allow<br />

delivery <strong>of</strong> more light energy, resulting in fuller crosslinking and<br />

improved post-fabrication handling <strong>of</strong> this s<strong>of</strong>t implant material.<br />

<strong>The</strong> main objective <strong>of</strong> this study is to present case studies which<br />

are being utilized in streamlining the biomodeling and consequent<br />

prosthetics design and development processes. <strong>The</strong> presenters<br />

will move from medical imaging into CAD design environments<br />

by explaining each step <strong>of</strong> the processes. Mimics, 3-Matic,<br />

and Geomagic Studio tools will be included in their respective<br />

steps. <strong>The</strong> presentation will conclude with a research section,<br />

outlining the possibility <strong>of</strong> employing these processes in design,<br />

development, and fabrication <strong>of</strong> orthoses such as cranial helmets,<br />

braces and many more. <strong>The</strong> role <strong>of</strong> RP Technologies will help<br />

finalize the argument for the customized orthotics development<br />

and manufacturing.<br />

4–4:25 pm<br />

Continuous Digital Light Processing (cDLP) for the<br />

Highly Accurate 3D Printing <strong>of</strong> Tissue Engineering<br />

Bone Implants<br />

David Dean, PhD, Associate Pr<strong>of</strong>essor,<br />

Case Western Reserve University<br />

4:30–4:55 pm<br />

Customized Surgical Instrument for Maxill<strong>of</strong>acial<br />

Surgery by SLM: Case Study, Process Steps,<br />

Powder Specifications<br />

Adeline Riou, Marketing Deputy Director, ERASTEEL<br />

Fermin Garciandia, Senior Researcher,<br />

Materials & Processes Area, IK4-LORTEK<br />

Jaime Ochoa, Researcher,<br />

Materials & Processes Area, IK4-LORTEK<br />

This presentation also highlights the benefits <strong>of</strong> technical<br />

cooperation between surgeons, users <strong>of</strong> additive manufacturing<br />

equipment and metallic powder producers. <strong>The</strong> paper is<br />

coauthored by IK4-Lortek, an R&D center with a research line<br />

focused on laser additive manufacturing (including both SLM<br />

and metal deposition technologies); Erasteel, producer <strong>of</strong> tailor<br />

made fine metal powders for additive manufacturing by VIM gas<br />

atomization; and has enjoyed the cooperation <strong>of</strong> Basurto Hospital.<br />

Highly accurate three-dimensional (3D) printing (i.e., additive<br />

manufacturing) <strong>of</strong> resorbable, internally porous, polymer<br />

implants could prove useful for tissue engineering applications.<br />

<strong>The</strong> geometry <strong>of</strong> the internal pore spaces <strong>of</strong> these implants<br />

6/<strong>2013</strong> – <strong>RAPID</strong> 37

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