Meat-Free! Feed four for under a fiver - Animal Aid
Meat-Free! Feed four for under a fiver - Animal Aid
Meat-Free! Feed four for under a fiver - Animal Aid
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How to prepare tasty, nutritious, family-sized – and<br />
completely meat-free – meals <strong>for</strong> <strong>under</strong> a <strong>fiver</strong>!<br />
<strong>Meat</strong>-free<br />
<strong>Feed</strong> <strong>four</strong><br />
<strong>for</strong> <strong>under</strong> a <strong>fiver</strong>!<br />
money-saving tips ... simple meal solutions ... new foods to try<br />
... delicious recipes ... <strong>four</strong> good reasons <strong>for</strong> going meat-free<br />
www.animalaid.org.uk
Contents<br />
When it comes to<br />
feeding a family, price<br />
is always an important<br />
consideration...<br />
Ethics are also playing an increasing role in<br />
our food choices: whether it’s food miles<br />
or animal welfare, most of us would llike to<br />
be able to shop with a clear conscience.<br />
But how do you shop ethically and eat<br />
healthily whilst on a budget?<br />
This guide will show you just<br />
how easy it is to prepare<br />
tasty, nutritious, family-sized –<br />
and completely meat-free<br />
– meals <strong>for</strong> <strong>under</strong> a <strong>fiver</strong>!<br />
3<br />
5<br />
8<br />
10<br />
24<br />
31<br />
Money-saving tips<br />
A series of handy tips <strong>for</strong><br />
shopping and budgeting<br />
Simple meal solutions<br />
Suggestions <strong>for</strong> easy-to-cook,<br />
family-friendly dishes<br />
New foods to try<br />
A few of our favourites<br />
Delicious recipes – one <strong>for</strong><br />
every day of the week!<br />
Mexican Monday ........................10<br />
Indian Tuesday ............................12<br />
Chinese Wednesday ..................14<br />
West African Thursday ................16<br />
Italian Friday ................................18<br />
American Saturday ....................20<br />
British Sunday ..............................22<br />
Four good reasons <strong>for</strong> going<br />
meat-free<br />
<strong>Animal</strong>s..........................................24<br />
The environment ..........................26<br />
Your health....................................28<br />
World hunger................................30<br />
About <strong>Animal</strong> <strong>Aid</strong><br />
2
▲<br />
Money-saving tips<br />
Plan ahead<br />
Be<strong>for</strong>e you go<br />
shopping, make a<br />
list and stick to it.<br />
This will stop you<br />
making impulse buys<br />
and limit the amount<br />
of food you throw<br />
away because it<br />
has gone mouldy<br />
or soggy.<br />
Always keep a supply of Stock up<br />
rice and pasta (brown or<br />
wholewheat is healthier than<br />
white), frozen vegetables, tinned<br />
or dried beans and pulses and a<br />
good selection of sauces and<br />
seasonings. Having basic food<br />
items in stock will help stop you<br />
spending money on takeaways.<br />
▲<br />
Buy the largest<br />
▲<br />
quantities of<br />
tinned, dried and<br />
long-life foods that you can store.<br />
It works out a lot cheaper.<br />
Bulk buy<br />
Choose where you shop<br />
▲<br />
You might be pleasantly surprised to<br />
find that your local greengrocer or<br />
farm shop is as cheap, or even<br />
cheaper, <strong>for</strong> fresh fruit and veg than<br />
the big supermarkets. Shopping with<br />
independent retailers means you’re<br />
supporting the local community and<br />
helping to keep small businesses alive.<br />
Batch freeze<br />
▲<br />
Every time you cook, deliberately double (or<br />
treble or quadruple!) up and freeze what you’re<br />
not going to eat that night. You’ll soon build up a<br />
nice selection of healthy, frozen ready-meals.<br />
There are thousands of meat-free recipes online<br />
to suit amateur and experienced cooks alike.<br />
For more ideas and advice contact the <strong>Animal</strong> <strong>Aid</strong> office or visit www.animalaid.org.uk<br />
3
▲<br />
One pot meals<br />
▲<br />
Reduce your food waste<br />
If your vegetables are looking a<br />
bit tired, chop them all up and<br />
make a big pot of soup.<br />
Leftovers are often even more<br />
delicious than the original meal<br />
as the flavours really blend in.<br />
Get into the habit of taking<br />
leftovers to work <strong>for</strong> lunch instead<br />
of buying convenience food in<br />
plastic packaging. It’s better <strong>for</strong><br />
the environment and your<br />
pocket, too. When eating out,<br />
don’t feel shy about asking <strong>for</strong> a<br />
doggie bag. It’s a compliment to<br />
the chef! And lastly, don’t <strong>for</strong>get<br />
the nation’s favourite, bubble &<br />
squeak – a great way to use<br />
up leftover veg.<br />
You don’t have<br />
to have the oven<br />
on and several<br />
pans on the go<br />
to make an<br />
interesting meal. Many<br />
a tasty creation (see simple<br />
meal solutions opposite) can be made by<br />
throwing things into one pot. ‘One-pot cookery’<br />
also results in less washing up, cuts down on fuel<br />
bills and releases fewer greenhouse gases. A win<br />
all round!<br />
Back to basics<br />
Make your own stock<br />
by frying onions and<br />
garlic with leftover bits of veg <strong>for</strong> a couple of<br />
minutes. Cover with cold water and turn the<br />
heat to high, bring to the boil and then simmer<br />
gently <strong>for</strong> 15 minutes. Pour the liquid through a<br />
sieve and it’s<br />
ready to use. It<br />
can be stored<br />
in the fridge <strong>for</strong><br />
up to three<br />
days, or pour<br />
into an ice cube<br />
tray and freeze<br />
so you’ll have<br />
individual portions<br />
ready <strong>for</strong> future use.<br />
▲<br />
Grow your own<br />
Growing your own<br />
organic vegetables<br />
is becoming an increasingly popular way to<br />
cut down on food miles and cost. You do not<br />
need a large garden – some varieties do just<br />
as well in a tub. Look online <strong>for</strong> clever spacesaving<br />
devices and techniques <strong>for</strong> ‘urban<br />
gardening’. Easy foods to grow include<br />
lettuce, spinach, runner beans, tomatoes,<br />
potatoes and herbs.<br />
▲<br />
4<br />
For more ideas and advice contact the <strong>Animal</strong> <strong>Aid</strong> office or visit www.animalaid.org.uk
Simple meal solutions<br />
Here are some suggestions <strong>for</strong> easy-to-cook, family-friendly<br />
meals. We have listed just the main ingredients to help<br />
creative cooks adapt old favourites.<br />
Spaghetti<br />
veganese<br />
Ingredients:<br />
packet of spaghetti<br />
(wholewheat <strong>for</strong> extra<br />
goodness), packet of dried or frozen veggie<br />
mince, tin of chopped tomatoes, tomato<br />
purée, onions, garlic, oregano/basil/bay<br />
leaf. Throw in some peas, mushrooms or<br />
grated carrot <strong>for</strong> extra nutrition.<br />
Veggie<br />
burger<br />
with chips<br />
and peas<br />
Ingredients: veggie burgers, buns,<br />
lettuce, onion and tomato to<br />
garnish. Oven chips and a packet<br />
of frozen peas.<br />
Chilli ‘non’ carne<br />
Ingredients: packet of dried or frozen soya mince, tin of<br />
kidney beans, tin of chopped tomatoes, tomato purée, onion,<br />
red pepper, cumin, garlic, chilli powder or fresh chilli peppers.<br />
Serve with rice and/or tortilla chips. See pages 10-11 <strong>for</strong> chilli recipe.<br />
5
Three bean<br />
salad and<br />
garlic bread<br />
Sweet & sour<br />
vegetable stir fry<br />
Ingredients: your choice<br />
of carrots, mushrooms,<br />
broccoli, cauliflower, red<br />
or green peppers,<br />
beansprouts; a jar of<br />
Sweet & Sour sauce; rice<br />
(brown <strong>for</strong> added nutritional<br />
value). Throw in a handful<br />
of peanuts or cashew nuts<br />
<strong>for</strong> extra protein.<br />
Veggie bangers<br />
and mash<br />
Ingredients: veggie<br />
sausages, potatoes,<br />
non-dairy milk and<br />
spread, veggie gravy<br />
granules. Top with some<br />
fried onions and serve<br />
with a side of peas or<br />
broccoli.<br />
6<br />
Ingredients:<br />
tin of chickpeas,<br />
tin of kidney beans,<br />
tin of sliced green<br />
beans, red pepper, onion,<br />
celery, garlic, salad dressing. Serve with garlic bread.<br />
Vegetable stew<br />
with dumplings<br />
Ingredients: parsnips, leeks,<br />
carrots, swede, onions,<br />
pearl barley, thyme, bay<br />
leaf, vegetable oil,<br />
vegetable stock.<br />
Serve with dumplings<br />
(make your own or<br />
use a packet mix –<br />
remember to check if the<br />
mix is vegetarian as<br />
some brands contain<br />
beef suet).<br />
Jacket potato<br />
with beans and<br />
green salad<br />
Ingredients:<br />
baking potato, tin of<br />
baked beans, mixed<br />
salad leaves and<br />
dressing.
Roasted vegetables and couscous<br />
or quinoa<br />
Ingredients: parsnips, beetroots, red peppers, red<br />
onions, olive oil, rosemary or oregano, packet of<br />
couscous or quinoa.<br />
Veggie sausage<br />
casserole<br />
Ingredients:<br />
veggie sausages,<br />
haricot beans, green<br />
lentils, onion, tinned<br />
tomatoes, tomato purée,<br />
vegetable oil, garlic, bay<br />
leaf, thyme.<br />
© H MIIKKA<br />
Baked sweet<br />
potato with<br />
sweetcorn and<br />
hummus<br />
Ingredients:<br />
sweet potatoes, tin of<br />
sweetcorn, tub of<br />
hummus (one tub is<br />
enough <strong>for</strong> 2 people).<br />
Super salad<br />
Ingredients: lettuce, spinach, tomatoes,<br />
grated carrot, grated beetroot, sliced<br />
avocado, watercress, spring onions plus any<br />
other chopped raw veggies you want to<br />
throw in. Serve with salad dressing and nuts<br />
or seeds sprinkled on top.<br />
Why not try some delicious sweet<br />
and savoury vegan recipes?<br />
Available from<br />
<strong>Animal</strong> <strong>Aid</strong><br />
All these books and more are available from www.animalaidshop.org.uk 7
New foods to try<br />
▲<br />
Hummus<br />
If you switch to a meat-free diet, you may come across<br />
foods and ingredients in recipes that you haven’t heard of, let<br />
alone tried, be<strong>for</strong>e. Don’t be afraid! These are a few of our favourites:<br />
Any seasoned vegetarian will sing the praises of<br />
this Middle Eastern purée, whose main ingredients are garlic<br />
and chickpeas. It is highly nutritious, filling, and delicious.<br />
Spread in sandwiches or on a baked potato, serve with<br />
carrot sticks and tortilla chips <strong>for</strong> the perfect nibbles or lunch<br />
at your desk. You can also use it to thicken and add flavour<br />
to pasta sauces and soups. It is widely available now; even<br />
garages and convenience shops stock it.<br />
© REDWOOD FOODS<br />
▲<br />
<strong>Meat</strong> substitutes<br />
Veggie burgers and sausages have been<br />
around <strong>for</strong> a while, but the range of ‘mock meats’ is much more<br />
extensive now. It includes veggie ‘beef’ chunks, meat-free ‘chicken’<br />
strips and even veggie ‘fishless fingers’. These products can replace<br />
their meaty counterparts in any meal and often pass the taste test<br />
with meat-eaters who can’t tell the difference. Available in health<br />
food shops and larger supermarkets.<br />
▲<br />
Soya mince aka TVP (Textured Vegetable Protein)<br />
Soya mince<br />
is a great substitute <strong>for</strong> mince and can be used in the same way – in<br />
spaghetti bolognese, shepherd’s pie or in chilli. There are both frozen<br />
and dried versions (dried is cheaper) and it can be found it health<br />
food shops and supermarkets. It’s a great source of low-fat protein.<br />
▲<br />
Tofu<br />
Be<strong>for</strong>e you say ‘yuk’, read on. Just as a meateater<br />
wouldn’t eat raw chicken breast, so tofu needs to be<br />
seasoned and cooked properly. It can be deep-fried,<br />
marinated and grilled, even crumbled and ‘scrambled’.<br />
You’ll find a myriad of suggestions online <strong>for</strong> using this<br />
incredibly versatile,<br />
protein-rich food.<br />
8<br />
Quinoa (pronounced ‘keen-wah’) This popular grain<br />
is a ‘complete protein’ (containing all the essential<br />
amino acids) and is also gluten-free. It can be eaten<br />
as an alternative to white rice or couscous, added to<br />
soups or, when cooked and cooled, added to salads.<br />
▲
See overleaf <strong>for</strong> delicious recipes - one <strong>for</strong> every day of the week!<br />
9
mexican monday<br />
10<br />
© ROBYN LEE
chilli ‘non’ carne<br />
Serves 4<br />
top tip<br />
While it’s cheaper in the<br />
long run to buy pots of<br />
herbs and spices, if you<br />
are making this dish as a<br />
one-off, you might prefer<br />
to buy a sachet of Chilli<br />
Seasoning Mix, which can be<br />
found in any supermarket<br />
Ingredients<br />
• 1 tbsp olive oil<br />
• 1 onion – peeled and chopped<br />
• 1 large red pepper – de-seeded and chopped<br />
• 1 large green pepper – de-seeded and chopped<br />
• 2 garlic cloves – peeled and crushed<br />
• 1 red chilli – de-seeded and finely chopped. Use more if preferred<br />
• 1 tsp cumin powder<br />
• 1 tsp dried oregano or marjoram (1 tbsp if using fresh herbs)<br />
• 300g vegetarian frozen mince<br />
• 400g can red kidney beans in chilli sauce<br />
• 400g can chopped tomatoes<br />
Method<br />
Fry the onion, peppers, garlic, herbs, cumin and chilli in the oil in a largish<br />
saucepan, covered, <strong>for</strong> 5-10 minutes, or until the vegetables are tender.<br />
Stir from time to time to prevent them from sticking.<br />
Add the mince, red kidney beans and chopped<br />
tomatoes and mix well.<br />
Leave to simmer gently <strong>for</strong> 15-20 minutes or until<br />
the mince is cooked. Add some water or stock<br />
if the mince is sticking.<br />
Serve with rice, jacket potato, tortilla chips<br />
or bread.<br />
Adapted from Vegetarian GI Diet by Rose Elliot, published by BBC Books<br />
11
12<br />
indian tuesday
mixed vegetable curry<br />
Serves 4<br />
top tip<br />
in a pot on a sunny window sill?<br />
Fresh herbs can be expensive to buy, so<br />
why not grow your own fresh coriander<br />
Ingredients<br />
• 4 tbsp olive oil<br />
• 2 onions – peeled and chopped<br />
• 2 carrots – peeled and sliced<br />
• 2 large potatoes – peeled and<br />
cut into even-sized chunks<br />
• 1 thumb-sized knob of fresh<br />
ginger – peeled and grated<br />
• 4 garlic cloves – peeled and<br />
crushed<br />
• 2 green chillis – de-seeded and<br />
finely chopped<br />
• 1 tsp turmeric<br />
• 2 tbsp ground coriander<br />
• 12 curry leaves or 1 tsp curry<br />
powder<br />
• Freshly ground black pepper<br />
• 1 medium caulifower<br />
– broken into florets<br />
• 250g/8oz baby leaf spinach<br />
(166g/5oz frozen spinach)<br />
• 1 can chick peas (optional)<br />
• Fresh coriander leaves<br />
– chopped (optional)<br />
Method<br />
Heat the oil in a large saucepan, put in the onion, carrot and potato.<br />
Cover and cook gently <strong>for</strong> 10 minutes.<br />
Stir in the ginger, garlic and chilli, along with the turmeric, ground<br />
coriander and curry leaves or powder. Stir well <strong>for</strong> 1-2 minutes to make<br />
sure everything is coated with the spices.<br />
Add 800ml (1 1 /2 pints) of water and a grinding of pepper to<br />
the pan. Bring to the boil, then leave to simmer, covered, <strong>for</strong><br />
10 minutes.<br />
Stir the caulifower into the pan, then cover and cook <strong>for</strong> 10-15<br />
minutes, then add the spinach (and chick peas if using) and<br />
cook <strong>for</strong> a further 3 minutes or until all the vegetables are<br />
tender. If the mixture looks too liquid, turn up the heat<br />
and let it bubble away <strong>for</strong> a minute or two. Then check<br />
the seasoning and serve, scattered with chopped<br />
coriander leaves if you have them.<br />
Adapted from Meals in Moments by Rose Elliot, published by Harper Collins<br />
13
14<br />
chinese wednesday
stir-fried chinese vegetables<br />
Serves 4<br />
top tip be replaced with a stir-in sauce<br />
The cornflour and soy sauce could<br />
Ingredients<br />
• 4 tbsp olive oil<br />
• 1 packet firm tofu – drained<br />
and cubed (use more if desired)<br />
• 4 cloves garlic – peeled and<br />
crushed<br />
• Thumb-sized knob fresh ginger<br />
– peeled and grated<br />
• 2 tsp chinese five spice<br />
• 2 onions – peeled and sliced<br />
• 2 carrots – peeled and sliced<br />
diagonally<br />
• 250g/8oz broccoli – cut into<br />
small florets<br />
• 250g/8oz baby button<br />
mushrooms – sliced<br />
• 1 red pepper – de-seeded<br />
and chopped<br />
• 150g/5oz bamboo shoots or<br />
beansprouts<br />
• 1 tsp cornflour (cornstarch)<br />
• 3 tbsp tamari or soy sauce<br />
Method<br />
Heat the oil in a large frying pan or wok. Fry the tofu cubes until golden,<br />
turning them frequently so they brown evenly. Once browned, remove<br />
the tofu using a slotted spoon and drain on absorbent kitchen paper.<br />
Add the onion, garlic, ginger, chinese five spice, carrots and broccoli to the<br />
frying pan and fry <strong>for</strong> 10-15 minutes, until they are just beginning to soften.<br />
Add the mushrooms, red pepper and bamboo shoots and<br />
cook <strong>for</strong> a further 5 minutes to heat through.<br />
Meanwhile, blend the cornflour with the soy<br />
sauce or tamari, then, when the vegetables<br />
are ready, add the mixture to the pan, stirring.<br />
Add the tofu and stir gently until heated through.<br />
Serve with rice or noodles.<br />
Adapted from Vegan Feasts by Rose Elliot, published by Thorsons<br />
15
west african<br />
thursday<br />
16<br />
© FLAVOURPHOTOS
west african stew<br />
Serves 4<br />
top tip<br />
Why not add a tin of chick<br />
peas to this delicious stew?<br />
Or you can add in any<br />
leftover vegetables<br />
Ingredients<br />
• 2 tbsp olive oil<br />
• 2 medium onions – peeled and chopped<br />
• 2 yellow or red peppers – de-seeded and chopped<br />
• 4 cloves garlic – peeled and crushed<br />
• 4 tsp fresh ginger – peeled and grated<br />
• 2 chillis – de-seeded and finely chopped<br />
• 1 litre water<br />
• 2 x 400g cans chopped tomatoes<br />
• 2 medium size sweet potatoes – peeled and cut into 1 /2 inch pieces<br />
• 3 tsp dried thyme<br />
• 3 tsp ground cumin<br />
• 300g/12oz chunky peanut butter<br />
• 150g/6oz shredded fresh spinach or 100g/4oz frozen spinach<br />
Method<br />
In a large saucepan, heat the oil over a medium heat.<br />
Add the onion, pepper, garlic, ginger, chilli and cook,<br />
stirring <strong>for</strong> 5 minutes.<br />
Stir in the water, tomatoes, sweet potato, thyme and<br />
cumin and simmer over a medium heat <strong>for</strong> 25-30<br />
minutes until the potatoes are tender, stirring occasionally.<br />
Add a little more water if the stew becomes too thick.<br />
Add the peanut butter and stir until completely blended.<br />
Then stir in the spinach and return to a gentle simmer,<br />
stirring frequently.<br />
When the spinach is cooked, remove from heat<br />
and serve.<br />
Adapted from 150 Vegan Favourites by Jay Solomon, published by Prima Publishing<br />
17
18<br />
italian friday
chunky oven baked ratatouille<br />
and pasta<br />
Serves 4<br />
Pre–heat oven to 180˚C/350˚F/Gas Mark 4<br />
Ingredients<br />
• 1 large red onion – peeled and<br />
cut into chunks<br />
• 1 large courgette – cut into<br />
chunky pieces<br />
• 1 large aubergine – cut into<br />
chunky pieces<br />
• 2 red peppers – de-seeded<br />
and cut into chunks<br />
• 2 yellow peppers – de-seeded<br />
and cut into chunks<br />
top tip<br />
Could also be served with<br />
warm bread, rice, couscous<br />
or any other grain you fancy<br />
• 8 garlic cloves – peeled<br />
• Juice of 1 /2 lemon<br />
• 1 tbsp olive oil<br />
• Freshly ground black pepper<br />
• 400g can plum tomatoes<br />
• Several sprigs of fresh basil<br />
• Your choice of pasta<br />
Method<br />
Put all the vegetables into a roasting tray or large shallow casserole dish,<br />
sprinkle with the lemon juice, oil and pepper.<br />
Mix so that all the vegetables are coated.<br />
Bake, uncovered, in the oven <strong>for</strong> 20 minutes, giving the<br />
vegetables a stir after about 10 minutes.<br />
Add the tomatoes and cook <strong>for</strong> a further 15-20 minutes.<br />
Then cook the pasta whilst the vegetables cook <strong>for</strong><br />
another 10-12 minutes.<br />
Season the vegetables with more pepper if necessary,<br />
tear the basil over the top and serve with the pasta.<br />
Adapted from Vegetarian GI Diet by Rose Elliot, published by BBC Books<br />
19
american saturday<br />
20<br />
© RYANN SALIK, WWW.MYWHOLEDEAL.COM
‘chicken’ pot pie<br />
Serves 4<br />
top tip<br />
Use whatever vegetables<br />
are in season to keep<br />
costs down<br />
Pre-heat oven to 180˚C/350˚F/Gas Mark 4<br />
Ingredients<br />
• 1 tbsp olive oil<br />
• 1 onion – peeled and chopped<br />
• 4 cloves garlic – peeled and<br />
crushed<br />
• 2 carrots – peeled and chopped<br />
• 4 potatoes – peeled and cubed<br />
• 1 packet meat-free ‘chicken’<br />
pieces (available from most<br />
health food shops) cut into<br />
smaller pieces if necessary<br />
• 200g/8oz frozen corn<br />
• 200g/8oz frozen peas<br />
• 2 tbsp plain flour or cornstarch<br />
• 2 tbsp vegetable stock powder<br />
• 1 sprig parsley – chopped<br />
• Freshly ground black pepper<br />
• 1 packet filo pastry<br />
Method<br />
Fry the onion and garlic in the oil. Add carrots and potatoes<br />
and enough water to just cover the vegetables. Bring to<br />
the boil and simmer until all the vegetables are soft.<br />
Add the ‘chicken’ pieces, sweetcorn and peas.<br />
Mix the flour in a few tbsp of water and add to<br />
the vegetables.<br />
Cook until mixture thickens. Add more flour if still<br />
too thin.<br />
Add the stock powder, pepper and parsley to<br />
taste. Pour the mixture into a pie dish and allow<br />
to cool slightly.<br />
Roll out the pastry and place on top of the vegetable<br />
mixture. Cut a few slits in the top to allow steam to<br />
escape. Bake <strong>for</strong> 40-60 minutes, until crust browns.<br />
21
22<br />
british sunday
shepherd’s pie<br />
Serves 4<br />
top tip<br />
To thicken the sauce, stir in<br />
a tablespoon of vegetable<br />
gravy granules towards the<br />
end of the cooking time<br />
Pre-heat oven to 220˚C/430˚F/Gas Mark 7<br />
Ingredients<br />
• 1 tbsp oilve oil<br />
• 1 onion – peeled and finely chopped<br />
• 2 cloves garlic – peeled and crushed<br />
• 400g frozen vegetarian mince<br />
• Vegetable stock cube<br />
• 400g can chopped tomatoes<br />
• 50g frozen peas<br />
• 1 carrot – peeled and finely chopped<br />
• Mixed herbs<br />
• Freshly ground black pepper<br />
• 700g medium potatoes – peeled and diced/quartered<br />
Method<br />
Fry the onion and garlic in a little oil until softened.<br />
Add the mince, vegetable stock, tomatoes,<br />
carrot, peas, herbs and pepper. Simmer <strong>for</strong><br />
about 20-30 minutes.<br />
Peel the potatoes and quarter them. Boil them in<br />
a separate pan <strong>for</strong> about 15 minutes until soft.<br />
Mash the potatoes.<br />
Pour mince mixture into an ovenproof dish, and<br />
place mashed potato on top. Smooth down<br />
with a <strong>for</strong>k.<br />
Cook in the oven <strong>for</strong> about 20 minutes until the top<br />
has browned.<br />
Serve with vegetables of your choice.<br />
23
Four good reasons <strong>for</strong> going meat-free<br />
▲<br />
<strong>Animal</strong>s<br />
Approximately one billion animals are farmed and<br />
killed every year in the UK alone.<br />
They are regarded as somehow being different<br />
from the animals we keep as companions, but<br />
every chicken, lamb, pig and turkey is capable of<br />
experiencing fear and distress – just like every cat<br />
and dog. Most chickens, turkeys and pigs in the UK<br />
are farmed intensively. They are kept inside barns<br />
<strong>for</strong> their entire lives. Mutilations – such as beak<br />
trimming, tail docking and teeth clipping – are<br />
routine and commonplace, and done without<br />
anaesthetic. Increasingly, cows, sheep and goats<br />
are ‘zero grazed’, meaning they get little or no<br />
time outdoors either. It is more convenient <strong>for</strong> the<br />
farmer but what price do the animals pay?<br />
Millions of animals do not survive inside these<br />
units. They die from infectious diseases or crippling<br />
injuries, and their bodies are incinerated. Those<br />
who survive are transported to the slaughterhouse.<br />
CRIPPLING LAMENESS IN BROILER SHEDS IS ENDEMIC<br />
Fish<br />
Fish are not ‘swimming<br />
vegetables’. They experience<br />
pain, fear and the natural<br />
impulse to survive. Billions of<br />
fish each year are dragged<br />
out of the oceans in huge<br />
nets and tipped onto the<br />
decks of industrial trawlers.<br />
They are frequently gutted<br />
alive. Farmed fish are caged<br />
in crowded, unhealthy<br />
conditions and are killed by<br />
being clubbed, gassed, or<br />
having their gills slit so that<br />
they bleed to death.<br />
© ANIMAL EQUALITY<br />
For details of <strong>Animal</strong> <strong>Aid</strong>’s<br />
investigations into typical<br />
UK farming practices, visit<br />
www.animalaid.org.uk<br />
24
CONSCIOUS CHICKENS ARE SHACKLED FOR SLAUGHTER<br />
© VICKY ALHADEFF<br />
The ‘cruelty-free’ myth<br />
There is no such thing as ‘cruelty-free’ meat.<br />
Higher welfare schemes, such as <strong>Free</strong>dom Food,<br />
still allow thousands of animals to be crammed<br />
inside huge industrial sheds <strong>for</strong> their whole lives.<br />
As <strong>for</strong> free-range, there is restricted access to<br />
the outdoors, and some birds may never get out.<br />
Organic farming is primarily <strong>for</strong> the benefit of<br />
people who do not want to ingest chemical<br />
residues. Organic farms typically provide better<br />
conditions in order to prevent the animals from<br />
getting sick and requiring medication, but these<br />
animals – like all farmed animals – are subjected<br />
to the trauma of being transported to the<br />
slaughterhouse and the horror of being killed there.<br />
ESSEX SLAUGHTERMAN TORMENTING<br />
A PIG WITH THE STUNNING TONGS<br />
<strong>Animal</strong> <strong>Aid</strong> has filmed<br />
secretly inside nine randomly<br />
chosen slaughterhouses, and<br />
found widespread cruelty<br />
and flouting of animal<br />
protection laws. We filmed<br />
animals being kicked,<br />
stamped on, burnt with<br />
cigarettes, punched, and<br />
picked up by their fleeces or<br />
ears and thrown. We filmed<br />
widespread incompetence<br />
and thousands of animals<br />
being improperly stunned<br />
be<strong>for</strong>e their throats were<br />
cut. A number of the<br />
slaughterhouses where we<br />
filmed these abuses were<br />
certified by <strong>Free</strong>dom Food<br />
or the Soil Association. All<br />
slaughter – whether<br />
conventional, organic,<br />
kosher or halal – can cause<br />
terrible suffering, and is<br />
completely unnecessary.<br />
To see <strong>Animal</strong> <strong>Aid</strong>’s slaughterhouse<br />
investigations, visit<br />
www.animalaid.org.uk/slaughter<br />
25
▲<br />
The environment<br />
The meat industry is having a devastating<br />
effect on our environment, both here in the<br />
UK and globally. Climate change, water<br />
shortages, environmental pollution and<br />
de<strong>for</strong>estation are all huge problems – and<br />
they are all linked to animal farming.<br />
‘<strong>Animal</strong> products cause<br />
more damage than<br />
[producing] construction<br />
minerals such as sand or<br />
cement, plastics or metals. Biomass and<br />
crops <strong>for</strong> animals are as damaging as<br />
[burning] fossil fuels.’<br />
Professor Edgar Hertwich, lead author of the United<br />
Nations’ 2010 report, Assessing the Environmental<br />
Impacts of Consumption and Production.<br />
ANIMAL FARMING CONTRIBUTES MORE<br />
TO CLIMATE CHANGE THAN EVERY<br />
CAR AND PLANE ON THE PLANET<br />
Climate change<br />
<strong>Animal</strong> farming produces massive<br />
amounts of climate-warming<br />
gases. Methane, which has the<br />
potential to warm the earth 23<br />
times more quickly than carbon<br />
dioxide, is produced during the<br />
digestive processes of sheep, cows<br />
and other ruminants. It is also<br />
released in their untreated manure.<br />
The impact of animal farming<br />
should not be <strong>under</strong>estimated. The<br />
United Nations Food & Agriculture<br />
Organisation has told us that<br />
animal farming contributes more<br />
to climate change than every car,<br />
plane, ship and bus on the planet.<br />
It has urged us all to move towards<br />
a vegan diet in order to save the<br />
world from the worst impact of<br />
climate change.<br />
26
Water scarcity<br />
The meat and dairy industries are<br />
among the biggest contributors to<br />
global water scarcity. Farmed<br />
animals require large quantities of<br />
drinking water, and huge volumes<br />
are needed to grow crops that<br />
are fed to them. It takes 1,000 litres<br />
of water to grow a kilogram of<br />
wheat, but 15,400 litres to produce<br />
the same quantity of beef.<br />
Manure from farms oozes into<br />
waterways, polluting and killing<br />
aquatic life.<br />
Fish farms also pollute the environment. It has<br />
been estimated that the amount of pollution<br />
in Scotland due to the ammonia caused by<br />
fish farming is comparable to the sewage<br />
produced by 9.4 million people. Pesticides<br />
used to kill sea lice on fish farms are toxic to<br />
other marine species, chiefly prawns, lobsters<br />
and other crustaceans, but also other birds,<br />
fish and mammals.<br />
Pollution<br />
<strong>Animal</strong> wastes – including<br />
antibiotics and hormones,<br />
chemicals from tanneries, fertilisers<br />
and pesticides used to spray feed<br />
crops – leach or are discharged<br />
into the water table. Pollution<br />
caused by agriculture can have<br />
serious effects on rivers, lakes,<br />
estuaries and coastal waters.<br />
Increases in nutrient levels can<br />
result in toxic ‘algal blooms’,<br />
leading to the deaths of fish and<br />
those birds and mammals who<br />
depend on them to survive.<br />
De<strong>for</strong>estation<br />
Large areas of natural <strong>for</strong>est are currently being<br />
destroyed to grow feed and provide grazing<br />
<strong>for</strong> farmed animals. A varied vegan diet<br />
requires just one fifth of the land needed <strong>for</strong> a<br />
typical omnivorous diet. And since a lot less<br />
space is required to grow vegan foods, there<br />
would be a lot more space <strong>for</strong> wildlife to<br />
flourish. We could reverse the trend of devastating<br />
wild spaces – including the Amazon – just to<br />
grow animal fodder. By changing to an animalfree<br />
diet, we will help to preserve the planet <strong>for</strong><br />
future generations and other species.<br />
THE RATE OF DEFORESTATION IN THE AMAZON INCREASED<br />
BY 28 PER CENT BETWEEN AUGUST 2012 AND JULY 2013<br />
27
▲<br />
Your health<br />
The evidence keeps coming: the saturated<br />
fat found in meat and dairy products is<br />
increasingly being linked to a range of serious<br />
health problems, including heart disease,<br />
diabetes and obesity.<br />
One of the largest studies looking at the effects<br />
of diet on health (The China Study) indicated a<br />
direct link between animal protein and cancer,<br />
with one study published in the British Medical<br />
Journal revealing that vegetarians suffer 40 per<br />
cent less cancer mortality than the population<br />
average. Processed red meat (such as<br />
sausages, bacon and pepperoni) is strongly<br />
implicated as a cause of bowel cancer, the<br />
second most lethal type of cancer. The<br />
evidence is so compelling that the World<br />
Cancer Research Fund recommends that<br />
people avoid it altogether.<br />
28
TEN PER CENT OF CHILDREN IN THE UK ARE<br />
OBESE BEFORE THEY EVEN START SCHOOL<br />
Bug-laden animal products<br />
Thousands of people suffer<br />
vomiting, stomach cramps<br />
and diarrhoea from eating<br />
bug-laden food products<br />
every year. The worst culprits,<br />
according to the NHS are:<br />
• raw meat and poultry<br />
•<br />
‘ready to eat’ foods such<br />
as cooked sliced meats,<br />
pâté, soft cheeses and<br />
pre-packed sandwiches<br />
•<br />
animal products, such as<br />
eggs and milk<br />
THERE ARE MORE THAN TWO<br />
MILLION UK DIABETES SUFFERERS<br />
Switching to a nutritionally balanced<br />
plant-based diet is a great way of<br />
boosting your health and reducing your<br />
risk of heart disease, diabetes, obesity<br />
and certain types of cancer.<br />
29
▲<br />
World hunger<br />
The world is facing a global food crisis but,<br />
even though there are more and more mouths<br />
to feed, we can feed everyone if we eat less –<br />
or better still, no – meat. Currently, much of the<br />
world’s harvest is being fed to farmed animals,<br />
and the amount of food we get back is less than<br />
they eat. Quite simply, instead of adding to the<br />
amount of food available, meat creates more<br />
mouths to feed: those of the farmed animals.<br />
A 2013 study found that 36 per cent of the total<br />
calories that come from crops are allocated to<br />
farmed animal feed, but only 12 per cent of<br />
those calories actually make it to people’s<br />
dinner plates. The researchers concluded that if<br />
all of the world’s crops were directly consumed<br />
by humans, there would be approximately 70<br />
per cent more food available, providing<br />
sustenance <strong>for</strong> <strong>four</strong> billion additional people.<br />
As resources become ever<br />
more scarce, experts agree<br />
that the human population<br />
must increasingly rely on a<br />
plant-based diet. Patrick Wall,<br />
chairman of the European<br />
Food Safety Authority, questions<br />
whether it is ‘morally or ethically’<br />
correct to be feeding grain to<br />
animals while ‘people starve’.<br />
The Health Editor of the<br />
Independent states that to<br />
‘maximise food production, it is<br />
best to be vegan’.<br />
30
<strong>Animal</strong> <strong>Aid</strong> campaigns peacefully<br />
against all <strong>for</strong>ms of animal abuse<br />
and promotes a cruelty-free<br />
lifestyle. We investigate and expose animal cruelty, and our <strong>under</strong>cover<br />
investigations and other evidence are often used by the media, bringing<br />
these issues to public attention.<br />
About <strong>Animal</strong> <strong>Aid</strong><br />
Our campaigns include:<br />
▲ ▲ ▲ ▲<br />
exposing the shocking plight of farmed animals through<br />
years of <strong>under</strong>cover footage on many of Britain’s pig,<br />
chicken, turkey, dairy cow and dairy goat farms.<br />
Visit www.animalaid.org.uk/farming to see what we found.<br />
revealing the terrible suffering of animals killed inside UK<br />
slaughterhouses through years of <strong>under</strong>cover work. Visit<br />
www.animalaid.org.uk/slaughter to see what we uncovered.<br />
encouraging people to end their meat consumption<br />
via Veggie Month in March, and eliminate all animal<br />
products from their diet via the Great Vegan Challenge<br />
each November. <strong>Animal</strong> <strong>Aid</strong> offers help, advice, an online<br />
community <strong>for</strong> support and daily updates to everyone who<br />
takes part, plus a prize draw. Visit www.VeggieMonth.com<br />
and www.GoVegan.org.uk <strong>for</strong> more info or to take part.<br />
▲<br />
taking to the road to encourage people to try meat-free<br />
diets. With our customised ‘Battle Bus’ we travel the length<br />
and breadth of the country handing out free recipe<br />
packs and chatting to people.<br />
sponsoring and supporting vegan fairs all over the country.<br />
We are proud to help local groups put on cruelty-free<br />
events. To find out if there is one in your area, visit <strong>Animal</strong> <strong>Aid</strong>’s<br />
online Events Diary www.animalaid.org.uk/go/events.<br />
<strong>Animal</strong> <strong>Aid</strong> campaigns <strong>for</strong> wild animals, domestic<br />
animals and those used in laboratories, too.<br />
If you would like to know more about our<br />
campaigns, visit www.animalaid.org.uk<br />
and sign up to receive E-news. You will<br />
also find us on Facebook and Twitter:<br />
www.facebook.com/<strong>Animal</strong><strong>Aid</strong><br />
@<strong>Animal</strong><strong>Aid</strong><br />
SHOP<br />
We also have a shop, which sells<br />
vegan cookery books, crueltyfree<br />
cosmetics and toiletries and<br />
delicious dairy-free chocolates.<br />
Order a FREE catalogue or visit<br />
our online shop:<br />
www.animalaidshop.org.uk<br />
31
<strong>Animal</strong> <strong>Aid</strong> exposes and<br />
campaigns against all<br />
animal abuse, and promotes<br />
a cruelty-free lifestyle<br />
<strong>Animal</strong> <strong>Aid</strong>, The Old Chapel, Brad<strong>for</strong>d Street, Tonbridge, Kent TN9 1AW<br />
Tel: 01732 364546 info@animalaid.org.uk | www.animalaid.org.uk<br />
www.facebook.com/<strong>Animal</strong><strong>Aid</strong><br />
@<strong>Animal</strong><strong>Aid</strong><br />
Re-published by <strong>Animal</strong> <strong>Aid</strong>, April 2014. ISBN No: 978-1-905327-18-8<br />
Incorporated <strong>under</strong> the name <strong>Animal</strong> Abuse Injustice and Defence Society Limited, a company limited by guarantee.<br />
Registered in the UK no. 1787309. VAT no. 395 2761 19.