ED-MEDIA 1999 Proceedings Table of Contents - Association for the ...

Edited by
Betty Collis
Ron Oliver
Proceedings of ED-MEDIA 99
WORLD CONFERENCE ON EDUCATIONAL MULTIMEDIA,
HYPERMEDIA & TELECOMMUNICATIONS
Seattle, Washington, USA; June 19-24, 1999

Edited by
Betty Collis
Ron Oliver
Proceedings of ED-MEDIA 99
WORLD CONFERENCE ON EDUCATIONAL MULTIMEDIA,
HYPERMEDIA & TELECOMMUNICATIONS
Seattle, Washington, USA; June 19-24, 1999
Abstracts

Alan Amory, Univ. of Natal (South Africa)
Philip Barker, Univ. of Teesside (UK)
Alfred Benney, Fairfield Univ. (USA)
Michael Bieber, New Jersey Institute of Technology (USA)
Jacqueline Bourdeau, Univ. du Québec (Canada)
Peter Brusilovsky, Carnegie Mellon Univ. (USA)
John Buford, GTE Laboratories (USA)
Patricia Carlson, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology (USA)
Betty Collis, Univ. of Twente (The Netherlands)
Gordon Davies, Open Univ. (UK)
Niki Davis, Univ. of Exeter School of Education (UK)
Teresa De Fazio, Victoria Univ. of Technology (Australia)
Christian Depover, Univ. of Mons-Hainaut (Belgium)
Mike Dobson, Univ. of Calgary (Canada)
Jorma Enkenberg, Univ. of Joensuu (Finland)
Richard Feifer, U.S. International Univ. (USA)
Dieter Fellner, Braunschweig Univ. of Technology (Germany)
Kurt Fendt, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (USA)
Otmar Foelsche, Dartmouth College (USA)
Yoshimi Fukuhara, NTT Information & Communication Systems Lab.
(Japan)
Peter A. Gloor, PricewaterhouseCoopers (Switzerland)
Kent Gustafson, The Univ. of Georgia (USA)
Barry Harper, Univ. of Wollongong (Australia)
John Hedberg, Univ. of Wollongong (Australia)
Rachelle Heller, George Washington Univ. (USA)
Lyn Henderson, James Cook Univ. (Australia)
William Hunter, University of Calgary (Canada)
Ludwig Issing, Freie Univ. Berlin (Germany)
Kinshuk, German National Research Center for Information Tech.
(Germany)
Piet Kommers, Univ. of Twente (The Netherlands)
Rob Koper, Open Univ. of the Netherlands (The Netherlands)
Olaf Kos, Humboldt Univ. Berlin (Germany)
Helmut Krueger, Institut fuer Hygiene und Arbeitsphysiologie (Switzerland)
Jim Laffey, Univ. of Missouri (USA)
Min Liu, Univ. of Texas (USA)
Carol B. MacKnight, Univ. of Massachusetts (USA)
Alexander Makedon, Chicago State Univ. (USA)
Fillia Makedon, Dartmouth College (USA)
Gary Marks, Assn. for the Adv. of Computing in Ed. (USA)
Hermann Maurer, Graz Univ. of Technology (Austria)
Steering Committee
Chair: Ivan Tomek, Acadia Univ. (Canada)
Betty Collis, Univ. of Twente (The Netherlands)
Erik Duval, Katholieke Univ. Leuven (Belgium)
Gary Marks, AACE (USA)
Thomas Reeves, The Univ. of Georgia (USA)
1999 Program Committee
Program Co-Chair: Betty Collis, Univ. of Twente (The Netherlands)
Program Co-Chair: Ron Oliver, Edith Cowan Univ. (Australia)
Panels Chair: Niki Davis, Univ. of Exeter School of Education (UK)
Tutorials Chair: Sam Rebelsky, Grinnell College (USA)
Heinrich Mayr, Inst. for Business Informatics & Information Systems
(Austria)
Janet McCracken, Univ. of Calgary (Canada)
Scott McElfresh, Muhlenberg College (USA)
Steven McGee, Wheeling Jesuit Univ. (USA)
Catherine McLoughlin, Edith Cowan Univ. (Australia)
Sue McNamara, Monash University (Australia)
Christina Metaxaki-Kossionides, Univ. of Athens (Greece)
Panagiotis T. Metaxas, Wellesley College (USA)
Maria Teresa Molfino, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (Italy)
Tomasz Muldner, Acadia Univ. (Canada)
David Murphy, Monash Univ. (Australia)
Erich Neuwirth, Univ. of Vienna (Austria)
Graham Oberem, California State Univ. (USA)
Ron Oliver, Edith Cowan Univ. (Australia)
Setsuko Otsuki, Hiroshima City Univ. (Japan)
Thomas Ottmann, Univ. of Freiburg (Germany)
Charles Owen, Michigan State Univ. (USA)
Roy Rada, Pace Univ. (USA)
Samuel Rebelsky, Grinnell College (USA)
Thomas C. Reeves, The Univ. of Georgia (USA)
Geoff Ring, Edith Cowan Univ. (Australia)
Robby Robson, Oregon State Univ. (USA)
John D. Rogers, DePaul Univ. (USA)
Laurie Ruberg, Center for Educational Technologies (USA)
Nick Rushby, PA Consulting Group (UK)
Takashi Sakamoto, National Inst. of Multimedia Education (Japan)
Jaime Sánchez, Univ. of Chile (Chile)
Nick Scherbakov, IICM Graz University of Technology (Austria)
Gunter Schlageter, Univ. of Hagen (Germany)
Rod Sims, Southern Cross Univ. (Australia)
J. Michael Spector, Univ. of Bergen (Norway)
Hideyuki Suzuki, NEC Corporation (Japan)
Karen Swan, Univ. at Albany (USA)
Michael Szabo, Univ. of Alberta (Canada)
Akira Takeuchi, Kyushu Institute of Techology (Japan)
Ivan Tomek, Acadia Univ. (Canada)
Barbara Wasson, Univ. of Bergen (Norway)
Eve Wilson, Univ. of Kent (UK)
Yoneo Yano, Tokushima Univ. (Japan)
Alison Young, UNITEC Institute of Technology (New Zealand)

Copyright © 1999 by the Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE)
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in
any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher.
The publisher is not responsible for the use which might be made of the information contained in this book.
Published by
Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE)
P.O. Box 2966
Charlottesville, VA 22902 USA
www.aace.org
Printed in the USA
ISBN 1-880094-35-5
Special thanks to—AACE Technical Coordinator: Jerry Price, Univ. of Houston.

Preface
Welcome to ED-MEDIA 99 in Seattle, USA. This year sees the conference back in the USA after
two successful years in Calgary and Freiburg. ED-MEDIA 99 represents the 11th time this
conference has run and this year’s conference promises to be as successful as those which have
preceded it.
The Conference is organised by the Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education
(AACE) and over the years has developed a strong international following. The Conference has
grown hand in hand with the emergence of new learning technologies and now represents the
premier event for this field in the world. Each year sees an increasing number of delegates and
participants and showcases the best efforts of the major advocates and researchers of learning
technologies.
The strong international participation of the conference is demonstrated by the depth and
breadth of submissions we have received this year for presentation at ED-MEDIA. We received
over 600 proposals of full and short papers, workshops, tutorials and posters from nearly 50
different countries. Each proposal was generally reviewed by 3 referees from our panel of
expert reviewers on the Program Committee. Those selected for presentation represent work of
the highest quality. Our program of keynote and invited speakers once again reflects the
international flavour of the programme, and we are confident that these people will inspire you
by challenging your assumptions and extending your thinking.
In our roles as Program Chairs, we have been very interested to explore the types of
presentations that people choose to make at ED-MEDIA. We are constantly looking for ways to
bring new technologies into the mainstream of educational practices. Our reviews of the forms
of research and content reflected overall in the ED-MEDIA programme makes interesting reading
and provides some scope for reflection.
To aid us in this respect, we designed an analysis tool in the form of a matrix to enable us to
classify the full papers, short papers and posters that were submitted to the Program Committee.
The matrix considers on one axis the stage of the development process on which a paper reports.
On this axis we see 4 main stages:
1. The development and description of a concept;
2. Prototype development;
3. Prototype implementation and evaluation
4. Mainstream implementation
The second axis of the matrix considers the domain of the technology. We chose to classify
papers into the following categories:
1. Integrated WWW sites, eg. courses on-line
2. WWW Delivery systems, eg. WebCT, TeleTop
3. WWW resources, eg. Java Applets, assessment tools
4. Communications technologies, eg. NetMeeting
5. CD-ROM applications
6. Novel environments eg. VR
7. Others eg. development processes, project management
When submissions were classified using this schema, interesting patterns emerged. Our initial
explorations indicated that the bulk of the research and development being undertaken is in
Web-related areas and in particular in the development and evaluation of courses and

programmes. Consider for example the results of using this schema to classify the papers
considered for best paper awards at ED-MEDIA 99. These were the papers that achieved an
average score of 4.5 or greater out of a maximum of 5 in the review process.
Integrated WWW
sites
WWW delivery
systems
concept prototype evaluation mainstream
5 3 8 2
2 1
WWW resources 1 6 2
Communications
technologies
CD-ROM
applications
Novel environments
eg. VR
Other eg. project
development
2
3
1
3 2 1
Classification of the papers considered for a Best Paper Award, ED-MEDIA 99
In terms of the stages of development, most papers tend to report prototype development and
evaluation. There appear to be few ideas that go beyond this stage. Very few researchers are
reporting on the mainstream use of their products and ideas. The work seems to be stopping at
an early stage and not being taken to the final stage where it can really have an influence. We
intend to explore these trends further and hope to be able to report back to you on our findings.
As Conference Co-Chairs we have been aided considerably by a number of volunteers and
helpers who have given tirelessly of their time. In particular we must thank the Conference
Steering Committee of Gary Marks, Ivan Tomek, Tom Reeves and Erik Duval who led and
coordinated the conference this year. We would like to thank the Chairs of the various Program
Committees, Niki Davis, Panels Chair; Sam Rebelsky, Workshops/Tutorials Chair; and Martyn
Wild, Posters/Demos Chair. We would also like to thank the crew behind the scenes from
AACE for their tireless efforts in coordinating and managing the huge number of administrative
functions which a conference like this necessarily involves.
We look forward to meeting with you during the conference and trust that you will take the time
to renew old acquaintances, meet new friends, be inspired by peers and take home some new
ideas and activities to report back at ED-MEDIA 2000 in Montreal, June 26-July 1.
Betty Collis, University of Twente, The Netherlands (B.A.Collis@edte.utwente.nl)
Ron Oliver, Edith Cowan University, Western Australia (r.oliver@cowan.edu.au)

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A publication of
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Educational Technology Review
International Forum on Educational Technology Issues & Applications
(ETR) ISSN# 1065-6901
AACE’s member journal is the focal point for
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International Forum on Educational Technology
Issues and Applications
Spring/Summer 1999, No. 11
between disciplines, educational levels, and
features:
information technologies. It’s purpose is to
Distance Education:
The Technology – What You
stimulate the growth of ideas and practical
Need to Know to Succeed,
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Electronic Course
Delivery, Virtual
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Universities and
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Association for the
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JCMST is the only periodical devoted specifically
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mathematics and science. The Journal offers an
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INTERACTIVE
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RESEARCH
FORMERLY JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN EDUCATION
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InformationTechnology
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1998
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JUNE 26-JULY 1, 2000 • MONTRÉAL, CANADA
ED-MEDIA - World Conference on Educational
Multimedia, Hypermedia &
Telecommunications
This 12th annual conference serves as a multidisciplinary forum for the
discussion of the latest research, developments, and applications of multimedia,
hypermedia, and telecommunications for all levels of education.
OCT. 30-NOV. 4, 1999 • SAN ANTONIO, TX USA
OCTOBER 25-30, 2000 • HONOLULU, HAWAII USA
WebNet - World Conference on the WWW & Internet
This annual conference enables the exchange of information in these major
topics: Commercial, Business, Professional, and Community Applications;
Education Applications; Electronic Publishing and Digital Libraries;
Ergonomic, Interface, and Cognitive Issues; General Web Tools and
Facilities; Personal Applications and Environments; Societal Issues, including
Legal, Standards, and International Issues; and Web Technical Facilities.
FEBRUARY 5-8, 2000 • SAN DIEGO, CA USA
M/SET - International Conference on Mathematics/
Science Education & Technology
The conference focuses upon information technology in mathematics,
science and computer science education across all levels and settings,
including elementary, secondary, college, and teacher education. Learn
about the current research, development, classroom applications, issues,
theory, and trends.
FEBRUARY 8-12, 2000 • SAN DIEGO, CA USA
SITE - Society for Information Technology and
Teacher Education International Conference
This conference, held annually, offers opportunities to share ideas and
expertise on all topics related to the use of information technology in
teacher education and instruction about information technology for all
disciplines in preservice, inservice, and graduate teacher education.
Co-Sponsored Conferences
ICCE - International Conference on Computers
in Education
ICCE is an annual event focusing on a broad spectrum of interdisciplinary
research topics concerned with theories, technologies and practices of
applying computers in education. It provides a forum for interchange
among educators, cognitive and computer scientists, and practitioners
throughout the world, especially from the Asia-Pacific region.
NOVEMBER 4-7, 1999 • CHIBA, JAPAN
ICLS - International Conference on the
Learning Sciences
ICLS, held biennially, is designed for researchers, developers, practitioners,
consumers, and policy makers to share experiences and insights on
fostering effective learning to serve real-world needs. Represented are a
diverse group from the fields of cognitive science, multimedia, training,
education, and artificial intelligence.
2001 • TAIWAN

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Addendum
Designing an Interactive Learning Environment to Support Children's Understanding in Complex Domains.......1707
Marcelo Milrad, The Institute for Media Technology (IMT), Sweden
Experiences with the BSCW Shared Workspace System as the Backbone of a Virtual Learning
Environment for Students..................................................................................................................................1710
Wolfgang Appelt & Peter Mambrey, German National Research Center for Information
Technology, Germany
Multimedia for Kids..........................................................................................................................................1716
Antonio R. Bartolomé, University of Barcelona, Spain; Karl Steffens, University of Koeln, Germany
Grimm Project. ICT at School ...........................................................................................................................1718
Antonio R. Bartolomé, Mariona Grané & Anna Rubio, University of Barcelona, Spain
CourseMaster: Modeling A Pedagogy for On-line Distance Instruction..............................................................1720
Benjamin Bell & Danielle Kaplan, Columbia University, USA
ASU-Online, 3 Years of Digital Design in the Desert: Implementing and facilitating Web Based
Instruction at Arizona State University, an Experiential Account........................................................................1726
William M. Bercu, Arizona State University, USA
Global Educational Multimedia Server - GEM...................................................................................................1727
Clive Best, Philip Shiels & Monica de Paola, JRC, Ispra, European Commission
Assured Access/Mobile Computing Initiatives on Five University Campuses .....................................................1729
Craig Blurton, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Yam San Chee, National University of Singapore,
Republic of Singapore; Phillip D. Long, Seton Hall University, USA; Mark Resmer, Sonoma State
University, USA; Craig Runde, Wake Forest University, USA
Using Computer Imagery and Visualisation in Teaching, Learning and Assessment ...........................................1735
N. Bouchlaghem, N Beacham & William Sher, Loughborough University, United Kingdom
Publishing an imej Journal for Computer-Enhanced Learning ............................................................................1737
Jennifer Burg, Yue-Ling Wong, Dan Pfeifer, Anne Boyle & Ching-Wan Yip, Wake Forest
University, USA
Languages and Statistics: Solutions for the support of online learning. ...............................................................1743
Andrew Burrell, Macquarie University
Meaningfully Incorporating Technology into Graduate and Undergraduate Courses In A College
of Education......................................................................................................................................................1744
Ni Chang, University of Wisconsin, USA
A Wide Array of Uses: Inquiry and Instruction with the HyperNews In University Courses................................1747
Ni Chang, University of Wisconsin, USA
Effects of Question-Based Learning in a Hypermedia Intelligent-Assisted Learning Environment ......................1749
Ching Hui Alice Chen & Feng-Hsu Wang, Ming Chuan University, Taiwan
The Effects Of Trainging Method On Language Learning Performance..............................................................1751
Huey-Wen Chou, National Central University, Taiwan
Designing a Course Web-Site to Supplement the Teaching of Part-Time Engineering Mathematics
Course in Singapore Polytechnic: Introduction to Calculus (A prototype)...........................................................1757
Chao Yunn Chyi, Singapore Polytechnic, Singapore
International Collaborative Learning – The Facilitation Process .........................................................................1759
A.G. (Tony) Clear, Auckland Institute of Technology, New Zealand
Learning in Safety and Comfort: Towards Managing On-Line Learning Transactions ........................................1765
Dianne L. Conrad & Heather Kanuka, University of Alberta, Canada
Networking The Nation.....................................................................................................................................1767
Noel Craske, Monash University, Australia; George Murdoch, VISE Course Co-ordinator. Australia;
Arno Besse, Marijke Heywood & Joy Nunn, Ballarat University, Australia
Scaling Information Literacy At The University Of Iowa: Web-Based Approaches ............................................1770
Barbara I. Dewey, University of Iowa, USA
Beyond Over-Integration: GENTLE ..................................................................................................................1772
Thomas Dietinger, Hermann Maurer & Klaus Schmaranz, Graz University of Technology, Austria

On-line Support of On-Campus Education: An Implementation of a Resources-Based Approach........................1779
Parviz Doulai, University of Wollongong, Australia
In-service Teachers Teaching Pre-service Teachers Technology.........................................................................1781
John H. Durnin, Villanova University, USA
How the Construction & Analysis of Digital Movies Support Theory-Building ..................................................1783
Ricki Goldman-Segall, Maggie Beers & Mary Bryson, University of British Columbia, Canada;
Suzanne de Castell, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada; Brian Reilly, California State
University Hayward, USA
A Reporting Simulation Using Toolbook ...........................................................................................................1789
Kerry Grant
Evaluating collaborative telelearning scenarios: A sociocultural perspective.......................................................1790
Frode Guribye & Barbara Wasson, University of Bergen, Norway
Authoring and Maintaining of Educational Applications on The Web.................................................................1792
Denis Helic, Hermann Maurer & Nick Scherbakov, Graz University of Technology Graz, Austria
Multimedia In Teaching Introductory Statistics ................................................................................................................... 1798
Alan Jones, University of Sydney, Australia; Susan M. Crowe, Macquarie University, Australia
Webfuse: an Integrated, Eclectic Web Authoring Tool.......................................................................................1799
David Jones, Central Queensland University, Australia
Cognitive Tools and their Design Implications for the Interactive Hypermedia Instructional Program:
HIV/AIDS Prevention Education for Women of Color.......................................................................................1801
Heather A. Katz, University of Texas at Austin, USA
Tutee’s Reflective Thinking of Tutor’s Response Produces Monitoring..............................................................1803
Michiko Kayashima, Tamagawa University, Japan; Toshio Okamoto, University of Electro-
Communications, Japan
Computer Mediated Courseware Development And The Academic Culture .......................................................1809
A.J. Koppi, M.J. Chaloupka & R. Llewellyn, University of Sydney, Australia
Development of a Collaborative Learning System based on NHK's Educational TV Program.............................1815
Haruo Kurokami, Kanazawa University, Japan; Tatsuya Horita, Toyama University, Japan;
Yuhei Yamauchi, Ibaraki University, Japan
Database-Driven Web Applications For Teaching & Learning ...........................................................................1817
Daniel Y. Lee, Shippensburg University, USA
A web site system for instructors to manage collaborative learning ....................................................................1820
Chen-Chung Liu, Gwo-Dong Chen, Kuo-Liang Ou, Baw-Jhiune Liu & Chih-Kai Chang,
National Central University, Taiwan
Scaffolding : Applications to learning in technology supported environments.....................................................1827
Catherine McLoughlin, Edith Cowan University, Australia
High-tech Learning Environments for Low-tech Classrooms..............................................................................1833
Jeff Morrow & James D. Slotta, University of California at Berkeley, USA
Re-engineering the MBA Using Virtual Seminars..............................................................................................1835
Drew Parker, Vivian Rossner-Merrill & Rob McTavish, Simon Fraser University, Canada
Hezinet: Interactive (Adaptive) Education Through Activities............................................................................1837
Tomás A. Pérez, Koro Gabiola, Julián Gutiérrez, Ricardo López, Amaia González & Jose Ángel Carro,
University of the Basque Country, Spain
A telematics learning environment on the European Parliament: the ParlEuNet system.......................................1843
Alberto Reggiori, Clive Best, Per Loekkemyhr & Dirk-Willem van Gulik, Joint Research Centre of
the European Communities, Italy
Synchronised Slides ’n Sounds On-line .............................................................................................................1849
John Rosbottom, University of Portsmouth, UK
Higher Education: Infected with a Millenarian Bug?..........................................................................................1851
Yoni Ryan, Queensland University of Technology, Australia; Suellen Tapsall, Murdoch
University, Australia
Media for biology - on CD-ROM and Online.....................................................................................................1857
Uwe Sander, Institute for Scientific Film, Germany
Streaming 7000 films… ....................................................................................................................................1858
Uwe Sander, Institute for Scientific Film, Germany

Enriching Drawing: A Three Year Project To Develop A Computer Based Learning Package In Drawing..........1859
Robin Shaw, University of Glasgow, Scotland
Design Of Web-Based Learning Environments: Integrating Curriculum, Technology, And Professional
Development Approaches..................................................................................................................................1861
James D. Slotta & Marcia C. Linn, University of California at Berkeley, USA; Philip Bell,
University of Washington, USA
Issues In The Design, Development And Implementation Of An Alternative Delivery Format
Master's Degree In Instructional Technology .....................................................................................................1865
Michael Szabo, Craig Montgomerie, David Mappin & Annette Fuchs, University of Alberta, Canada
Support offered User Performance Speed, Memory, Effort, and Comfort by Package Features............................1869
Jennifer D.E. Thomas, Pace University, USA
Multimedia Cases in Teacher Education: Towards a Constructivist Learning Environment.................................1870
Ellen van den Berg, University of Twente, The Netherlands
Building Online learning Communities for Teaching and Learning,which integrate Online Multi Media.............1873
Tony van der Kuyl & James O'Brien, University of Edinburgh, Scotland
Using Multimedia to support mentors................................................................................................................1874
Simon Walker, University of Greenwich, United Kingdom
Using Multimedia to support mentors................................................................................................................1877
Simon Walker, University of Greenwich, United Kingdom
An Investigation into Faculty Attitudes Regarding Distance Learning Instruction...............................................1878
Gail West & Carol S. Halfhill, University of Central Florida, USA
Web-Based Testing in Distance Education: Challenges and Implications............................................................1880
C. James Wong, Belleville Area College, USA
Selecting Internet Technologies to Support Interactive Teaching and Learning at a Distance ..............................1883
C. James Wong, Belleville Area College, USA
Designing and Implementing Web-Based Instructional Systems.........................................................................1885
Michael D. Chen, Eastern Illinois University, USA