GUELPH, ONTARIO - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

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(h) Imperfect Drainage SOIL TYPE ACREAGE ' & OF rrOTAI, Perth clay loam 53,300 5.0 Perth silt loam . 14,600 1.4 Kemblc clay loam . . 1,500 0.1 Iiemhle silt loam.. ,,. .,. . . 600 . .. FXlerslie silty clay loam. _. . .. 50,300 4.8 I
The kind of crops and the success with which they can be grown depend upon improvement in drainage. General farming is commonly practised and the main crops grown are hay, grain and pastures. Timothy, alsike and to a lesser extent red clover produce satisfactory crops. The yield of grain varies considerably from year to year and the best crops are obtained in dry years, whereas in wet years they may be a failure. Where these soils are used for pasture, their management entails chiefly the selection of water-tolerant plants and the eradication of weeds. Where artificial drainage is adequate t’hese soils are suit,able for peas, beans, flax and other specialized crops. Early crops cannot be produced on any of these soils because the land is slow to dry and warm up in the spring. Superphosphate is the main fertilizer reeuired on these soils. When soil drainage is improved, barnyard or green manure applications are needed to maintain the level of organic matter. IV. ItIiscellaneous %IL TYPE ACREAGE Bottom land .._,,.. ,.._.. ..__.._ .._,. 48,000 Eastport sand .._. .. ,. ._ .._. 3,100 East port, gravel ,.. _, ., . ... _._ ., ... 3,100 Bwypcn land type _.... . . . _. _. 219,200 ----- TOTAL ,,... .,...,,...,.__. .. ,.. 274,300 yO OFTOTAL 4.6 0.3 0.3 20.7 -- 25.9 Although the members of this group differ greatly from one another, they are, with few exceptions, physically unsuitable for the production of crops requiring tillage, poorly suited for pasture, and under present conditions best suited, in most places, for forestry. The Eastport’ sand usually occurs along t,he Lake Huron shore and is used as a site for summer cottages. The Breypen land t)ype consists largely of rock outcrop -- and the small areas of soil occurring in association witJh the rock can be used for pasture, although their use for such a purpose’ is hardly feasible in most places. It) is considered that the Breypen land t,ype and the Eastport gravel are best used for trees. The Bottom Land is generally used for grazing purposes. The requirements for tianagemerit of these soils entail chiefly the eradication of weeds, and the proper cant rol of grazing. V. Organic Soils SOIL TYPE hREA(:E Muck .., _.,. ._ 66,900 \Inrsh A L . 1,500 'IO OF TOTAL 6.3 0.1 TOTAL ._,,,.. ,... ,,_ .,,....... 68,400 The organic soils are not extensively used for farm crops, and are usually wooded. The muck soils are suited to intensive farming and especially to market gardening. The most productive muck soils are those that can be irrigated as well as drained. The organic soil is rich in nitrogen but lacks the mineral elements such as phosphorus and pot8assium, which must be supplied as commercial fertilizer. Since the organic layer on the marsh soil is much shallower than that of the muck it is not as well suitled to intensive farming. It is probably best used for forest,. 93
Page 2 and 3:
y D. W. HOFFMAN Experimental Farms
Page 4 and 5:
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The Canada Departme
Page 6 and 7:
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont’d) PART I
Page 8 and 9:
FIG. l-Outline map of Ontario showi
Page 10 and 11:
Information pertaining to land use,
Page 12 and 13:
Population and Racial Origin The to
Page 14 and 15:
PART II FACTORS AFFECTING THE FORMA
Page 16 and 17:
TABLE 2 ANALYSES OF BEDROCK FORMATI
Page 18 and 19:
The soils found on the coarse open
Page 20 and 21:
‘TOPOGRAPHY I Simple Topography )
Page 22 and 23:
DRAINAGE SYSTEM FIG. 7 --Ott tline
Page 24 and 25:
MONTH TABLE 6 TEMPERATURE AT LUCKNO
Page 26 and 27:
SOUTHAMPTON, (62 Years) Ontario. 0
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NATURAL VEGETATION Soft Maple, Elm,
Page 30 and 31:
P,4RT III THE CLASSIFICATION AND DE
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Ao - Accu mulated layer of partiall
Page 34 and 35:
1). Soils Formed from Fine Textured
Page 36 and 37:
I. Till Composed of Grey Materials
Page 38 and 39:
Agriculture Ao - Thin etc. layer of
Page 40 and 41:
A virgin profile, developed under h
Page 42 and 43: Harkaway Silt Loam— Stony Phase (
Page 44 and 45: Wiarton Loam (3,500 acres) The Wiar
Page 46 and 47: Parkhill Silt Loam (2,600 acres) Th
Page 48 and 49: potash and nitrogen are necessary t
Page 50 and 51: The soil is fairly well supplied wi
Page 52 and 53: Brookston Silt Loam (2,000 acres) T
Page 54 and 55: ii, Thin layer of partially decompo
Page 56 and 57: A,, - Thin layer of partially decom
Page 58 and 59: The vegetative cover on this Plainf
Page 60 and 61: The characteristic A horizons of th
Page 62 and 63: Brady sandy loam is a smooth very g
Page 64 and 65: Agriculture General farming and dai
Page 66 and 67: The B horizon of the Burford loam r
Page 68 and 69: The topography is smooth very gentl
Page 70 and 71: The clay till or clay usually appea
Page 72 and 73: Developed on stonefree, calcareous,
Page 74 and 75: (ii) lmperfec t Drainage Elderslie
Page 76 and 77: The dark grey surface underlain by
Page 78 and 79: A 0 — A 1 — G 1 — G 2 — C T
Page 80 and 81: Agriculture Most of the mlick soils
Page 82 and 83: PART IV AGRICULTURE AND LAND USE Ea
Page 84 and 85: agriculture in the area. Large acre
Page 86 and 87: TEXTURE looms, silt looms. FIG. I,?
Page 88 and 89: The Donnybrook soils are usually a
Page 90 and 91: Good wheat crops are produced on Te
Page 94 and 95: Adaptability Rating for Bruce Count
Page 96 and 97: : : : : : .:: : : : : : ii. : :id j
Page 98 and 99: - - - - - L - F - - I __ I I I -
Page 100 and 101: TABLE 19 ACRE-YIELDS OF SOME CROPS
Page 102 and 103: Problem Areas Gully-erosion is ofte
Page 104 and 105: otations consisting largely of sod
Page 106 and 107: PART V~ ANALYTICAL DATA Chemical an
Page 108 and 109: I TABLE 22 (Cont’d) CJJEMJCA I, A
Page 110: TABLE 23 CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL ANAL
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GUELPH, ONTARIO - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

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