GUELPH, ONTARIO - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

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Good wheat crops are produced on Teeswater silt loam. when adequate amounts of fertilizer have been added to the soils. Barnyard manure and green manuring are necessary for the maintenance of the content of organic matter. These soils are well suited to the production of tree fruits, small fruits and vegetables where the climate is sufficiently moderate to permit their growth. (b) Imperfect Drainage SOIL TYPE ACREAGE % OF TOTAL Killean loam........................................................... 100 ...... Listowel loam............................................................ 16,900 1.6 Listowel silt loam.................................................. 6,400 0.6 Listowel loam — stony phase..................................... 1,900 0.1 Wiarton loam............................................................ 3,500 0.3 Brisbane loam............................................................ 1,600 0.1 ________ _____ TOTAL.................................................................. 32,000 2.8 The imperfectly drained loam and silt loam soils occupy about 3 per cent of the County area. The range of crops that can be grown on these soils is limited by unsatisfactory drainage. The installation of tile drains will benefit the soils. Stones occurring on the surface of the Killean loam and the stony phase of the Listowel loam interfere with cultivation and should be removed. Although superphosphate is the main fertilizer required on these soils, potash will likely give favourable response, particularly on the Wiarton and Brisbane soils. Manure will benefit all crops, especially after drainage has been improved. The soils are fairly well suited to cereal grains, hay, red clover and pasture. Alfalfa is difficult to grow unless the soils have been drained efficiently. (c) Poor Drainage SOIL TYPE ACREAGE % OF TOTAL Parkhill loam............................................................ 8,400 0.8 Parkhill silt loam........................................................ 2,600 0.2 Gilford loam............................................................... 900 ________ __ TOTAL................................................. 11,900 1.0 90
The poorly drained loams and silt’ loams found in the County usually occur as small areas in association with the better drained soils. Because of their depressional position in relation to the surrounding better soils they are often difficult to drain. However, the provision of improved drainage, although difficult and cost,ly, is essential for the best, utilization of these soils. When drainage is improved, fertility and organic matter must be maintained through the use of fertilizers and manure. The soils in this group are used for pasture or wood1 ot . III. Silt Loams, Silty Clay Loams, and Clay Loams (a) Good Drainage SOIL TYPE ACREAGE OTO OF TOTAL Huron clay loam . . . 9,~ 0.9 Huron silt loam.. :._ .._., :I..:: _,.__,. . ,:‘::‘I 4,900 @A Vincent clay loam . .. . .. . . .. 900 ...... Vincent silt loam .._. .. . .. . .._. ._ .,,.__. 600 ...... Dunedin clay loam. ... ._. ..... _. . _.. . . 2,700 0.2 Saugeen silty clay loam. _.... ._. 28,200 2.7 Saugeen clay loam .. _. _. _. 1,300 0.1 Saugeen silt loam.. . 8,900 -__- 0.8 -- TOTAL .. _._ ,._ ,, .. ..._._..... ., ._ 57,100 5.1 All the soils of this group are well suited to the production of crops and are chiefly used for that purpose. Susceptible to erosion, some of these soils have lost a large part of their surface soil, particularly where slopes are steep along the stream courses. Most soil loss can be prevented by the use of long rotations and cover crops. So far as practicable, tillage should be on the contour on the steeper slopes. Tillage should ordinarily be avoided when the soils are very wet or very dry, although the range in moisture content that will allow safe tillage is fairly wide. Fertilization is important, as all these soils need fertilizers for the con- Gnued production of medium to high yields of crops. Phosphate is needed for all crops, particularly for legumes and grasses. Nitrogen is a general requirement, except where it’ is supplied by legumes. Potash may be a requirement for these soils, particularly for crops that are high potash feeders. The use of * green manure and barnyard manure is necessary for the maintenance of the content of organic matter. The members of this group have a wide range in adaptability to various kinds of crops, and their requirements with regard to the selection of crops are therefore not exacting. It is important, however, to grow the selected crops in the proper rotation if the productivity of the soils is to be maintained or increased. Row crops need to be alternated with close growing crops, and t!he periodic growth of deep-rooted crops is beneficial. A rotation consisting of corn one year, small grain one year and clover or clover and grass one year appears to be well suited to these soils where the slopes are not too steep. However, where soil loss occurs clover and grass should be grown for a longer period of time. If the land is adequately fertilized, alfalfa does very well, and as it is a deep-rooted crop its periodic production is to be encouraged. 91
Page 2 and 3:
y D. W. HOFFMAN Experimental Farms
Page 4 and 5:
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The Canada Departme
Page 6 and 7:
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont’d) PART I
Page 8 and 9:
FIG. l-Outline map of Ontario showi
Page 10 and 11:
Information pertaining to land use,
Page 12 and 13:
Population and Racial Origin The to
Page 14 and 15:
PART II FACTORS AFFECTING THE FORMA
Page 16 and 17:
TABLE 2 ANALYSES OF BEDROCK FORMATI
Page 18 and 19:
The soils found on the coarse open
Page 20 and 21:
‘TOPOGRAPHY I Simple Topography )
Page 22 and 23:
DRAINAGE SYSTEM FIG. 7 --Ott tline
Page 24 and 25:
MONTH TABLE 6 TEMPERATURE AT LUCKNO
Page 26 and 27:
SOUTHAMPTON, (62 Years) Ontario. 0
Page 28 and 29:
NATURAL VEGETATION Soft Maple, Elm,
Page 30 and 31:
P,4RT III THE CLASSIFICATION AND DE
Page 32 and 33:
Ao - Accu mulated layer of partiall
Page 34 and 35:
1). Soils Formed from Fine Textured
Page 36 and 37:
I. Till Composed of Grey Materials
Page 38 and 39:
Agriculture Ao - Thin etc. layer of
Page 40 and 41: A virgin profile, developed under h
Page 42 and 43: Harkaway Silt Loam— Stony Phase (
Page 44 and 45: Wiarton Loam (3,500 acres) The Wiar
Page 46 and 47: Parkhill Silt Loam (2,600 acres) Th
Page 48 and 49: potash and nitrogen are necessary t
Page 50 and 51: The soil is fairly well supplied wi
Page 52 and 53: Brookston Silt Loam (2,000 acres) T
Page 54 and 55: ii, Thin layer of partially decompo
Page 56 and 57: A,, - Thin layer of partially decom
Page 58 and 59: The vegetative cover on this Plainf
Page 60 and 61: The characteristic A horizons of th
Page 62 and 63: Brady sandy loam is a smooth very g
Page 64 and 65: Agriculture General farming and dai
Page 66 and 67: The B horizon of the Burford loam r
Page 68 and 69: The topography is smooth very gentl
Page 70 and 71: The clay till or clay usually appea
Page 72 and 73: Developed on stonefree, calcareous,
Page 74 and 75: (ii) lmperfec t Drainage Elderslie
Page 76 and 77: The dark grey surface underlain by
Page 78 and 79: A 0 — A 1 — G 1 — G 2 — C T
Page 80 and 81: Agriculture Most of the mlick soils
Page 82 and 83: PART IV AGRICULTURE AND LAND USE Ea
Page 84 and 85: agriculture in the area. Large acre
Page 86 and 87: TEXTURE looms, silt looms. FIG. I,?
Page 88 and 89: The Donnybrook soils are usually a
Page 92 and 93: (h) Imperfect Drainage SOIL TYPE AC
Page 94 and 95: Adaptability Rating for Bruce Count
Page 96 and 97: : : : : : .:: : : : : : ii. : :id j
Page 98 and 99: - - - - - L - F - - I __ I I I -
Page 100 and 101: TABLE 19 ACRE-YIELDS OF SOME CROPS
Page 102 and 103: Problem Areas Gully-erosion is ofte
Page 104 and 105: otations consisting largely of sod
Page 106 and 107: PART V~ ANALYTICAL DATA Chemical an
Page 108 and 109: I TABLE 22 (Cont’d) CJJEMJCA I, A
Page 110: TABLE 23 CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL ANAL
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GUELPH, ONTARIO - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

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