GUELPH, ONTARIO - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

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Agriculture Most of the mlick soils have not been cleared of their natural vegetation and at present are used for forest and recreational purposes. Muck soils have been cultivated only in such places where narrow strips extend into cultivated fields. Such muck areas are best suited for hay, as grain crops usually lodge and fail to fill out and mature properly. A limIted area of muck soils could probably be used for the production of certain garden crops, but drainage and irrigation are required for high yields and these improvements are costly. The muck soils have an abundant supply of organic matter and nitrogen, but they are lacking in mineral plant nutrients, especially potash. This deficiency must be corrected for successful crop production on these soils. Marsh (1,500 acres) The few marshy areas consist of a thin layer of black organic material similar to that of the muck only not so well decomposed over marl, sand or clay. The upper dark layer is usually thin, being less than a foot thick, and the underlying material is usually sand in Bruce County. Marsh land is very wet during all seasons and is not, suited to farming purposes. K. MISCELLANEOUS SOILS Eastport Sand (3,100 acres) The Eastport sand is a land type of variable drainage occurring along the shore of Lake Huron, usually in the form of dunes. Vegetative cover is scanty and there is practically no profile development. Where the sand has been stabilized by a vegetative cover, a shallow organic layer may develop underlain by a brownish yellow (10 YR 6/6) h orizon which grades into the grey (10 YR 6,’ 1) sandy materials below. Often the organic layer becomes buried by sandy materials blown in from adjoining areas. The land is usually bare and subject to blowing. Where vegetation has been established it consists of poplar, pine, some white birch and grasses. The Eastport sand is of no agricultural value and is used for recreational purposes and as building sites for cottages. Eastport Gravel (3,100 acres) The Eastport gravel consists almost wholly of well sorted cobbles and stones and is of variable drainage. Since the stony materials are too large to be blown from one area to another this type is stabilized, and has a vegetative cover consisting of pine, cedar, poplar and some white birch. There is little profile development. The profile consists of a shallow organic layer underlain by gravel, cobbles and stones. The type is of no agricultural value and is used for recreational purposes. Bridgman Sand (1,500 acres) Bridgman sand may be found in areas of the Plainfield, Waterloo or Tioga series \vhere the dark surface soil has been entirely removed by wind and water erosion. It is not unusual to find the sand drifting. Bridgman sand includes the eroded areas and t’he places where t$he eroded materials are accumulating. 80
There is no profile development. It consists of loose, incoherent coarse sand with gravel stones and some boulders. It is very droughty and contains little or no organic matter. Bridgman sand is a non-agricultural soil. In its present condition the sand is drifting and accumulates on cropland, pastureland and woodland. All such "blow-outs" should be reforested and fenced from livestock. Breypen (219,200 acres) The Breypen is a land type which occupies a large part of the Bruce Peninsula. It does not consist of any particular soil type but is largely rock outcrop with small pockets of soil of variable materials, drainage, texture and topography occurring within the land type. These areas of soil are too small to be delineated on a map the scale of which is 1 inch to 1 mile. The soil series most commonly found with the rock are the Harkaway, Wiarton, Parkhill and Muck. Most of the area is used for forest, and hard maple and beech are the dominant, species growing on the better drained locations. Elm, ash, cedar, spruce, poplar and white birch are also common. A small part of the Breypen has been cleared and is used largely for permanent pasture, although some of it is cropped and produces only fair crops of spring grains. Under some circumstances the use of the land for pasture may be profitable, particularly if it is adjacent to good farm land on which other feed can. be grown. Generally, the Breypen land type is best suited for forest. Where the bedrock appears at the surface in the Breypen land type reforestation is recommended. 81
Page 2 and 3:
y D. W. HOFFMAN Experimental Farms
Page 4 and 5:
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The Canada Departme
Page 6 and 7:
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont’d) PART I
Page 8 and 9:
FIG. l-Outline map of Ontario showi
Page 10 and 11:
Information pertaining to land use,
Page 12 and 13:
Population and Racial Origin The to
Page 14 and 15:
PART II FACTORS AFFECTING THE FORMA
Page 16 and 17:
TABLE 2 ANALYSES OF BEDROCK FORMATI
Page 18 and 19:
The soils found on the coarse open
Page 20 and 21:
‘TOPOGRAPHY I Simple Topography )
Page 22 and 23:
DRAINAGE SYSTEM FIG. 7 --Ott tline
Page 24 and 25:
MONTH TABLE 6 TEMPERATURE AT LUCKNO
Page 26 and 27:
SOUTHAMPTON, (62 Years) Ontario. 0
Page 28 and 29:
NATURAL VEGETATION Soft Maple, Elm,
Page 30 and 31: P,4RT III THE CLASSIFICATION AND DE
Page 32 and 33: Ao - Accu mulated layer of partiall
Page 34 and 35: 1). Soils Formed from Fine Textured
Page 36 and 37: I. Till Composed of Grey Materials
Page 38 and 39: Agriculture Ao - Thin etc. layer of
Page 40 and 41: A virgin profile, developed under h
Page 42 and 43: Harkaway Silt Loam— Stony Phase (
Page 44 and 45: Wiarton Loam (3,500 acres) The Wiar
Page 46 and 47: Parkhill Silt Loam (2,600 acres) Th
Page 48 and 49: potash and nitrogen are necessary t
Page 50 and 51: The soil is fairly well supplied wi
Page 52 and 53: Brookston Silt Loam (2,000 acres) T
Page 54 and 55: ii, Thin layer of partially decompo
Page 56 and 57: A,, - Thin layer of partially decom
Page 58 and 59: The vegetative cover on this Plainf
Page 60 and 61: The characteristic A horizons of th
Page 62 and 63: Brady sandy loam is a smooth very g
Page 64 and 65: Agriculture General farming and dai
Page 66 and 67: The B horizon of the Burford loam r
Page 68 and 69: The topography is smooth very gentl
Page 70 and 71: The clay till or clay usually appea
Page 72 and 73: Developed on stonefree, calcareous,
Page 74 and 75: (ii) lmperfec t Drainage Elderslie
Page 76 and 77: The dark grey surface underlain by
Page 78 and 79: A 0 — A 1 — G 1 — G 2 — C T
Page 82 and 83: PART IV AGRICULTURE AND LAND USE Ea
Page 84 and 85: agriculture in the area. Large acre
Page 86 and 87: TEXTURE looms, silt looms. FIG. I,?
Page 88 and 89: The Donnybrook soils are usually a
Page 90 and 91: Good wheat crops are produced on Te
Page 92 and 93: (h) Imperfect Drainage SOIL TYPE AC
Page 94 and 95: Adaptability Rating for Bruce Count
Page 96 and 97: : : : : : .:: : : : : : ii. : :id j
Page 98 and 99: - - - - - L - F - - I __ I I I -
Page 100 and 101: TABLE 19 ACRE-YIELDS OF SOME CROPS
Page 102 and 103: Problem Areas Gully-erosion is ofte
Page 104 and 105: otations consisting largely of sod
Page 106 and 107: PART V~ ANALYTICAL DATA Chemical an
Page 108 and 109: I TABLE 22 (Cont’d) CJJEMJCA I, A
Page 110: TABLE 23 CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL ANAL
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GUELPH, ONTARIO - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

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