GUELPH, ONTARIO - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

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A 0 — A 1 — G 1 — G 2 — C Thin layer of partially decomposed leaves, twigs, etc. 0-6 inches clay loam; very dark greyish brown (2.5 Y 3/2); fine to medium nuciform structure; friable consistency when dry, plastic when wet; stonefree; pH — 7.0. 6-14 inches clay; dark greyish brown (2.5 Y 4/2); mottled; medium blocky structure; very hard consistency when dry, very plastic when wet; stonefree; pH — 7.0. 14-19 inches clay; grey (5 Y 6/1); mottled; coarse blocky structure; very hard consistency when dry, very plastic when wet; stonefree; pH — 7.3. Clay; light brownish grey (2.5 Y 6/2); medium nuciform structure; very hard consistency when dry, very plastic when wet; stonefree; calcareous; pH — 7.8. In some areas a somewhat higher surface reaction may occur because of the presence of free carbonates in the A 1 horizon. The type has a smooth very gently sloping topography and the original natural vegetation is considered to be mainly ash and elm. Areas of secondary growth occur where alder, poplar and willow form the main tree cover. Agriculture The Ferndale clay loam is used for general farming. Poor drainage is the greatest limitation to crop production, but crops such as oats, barley, corn and hay produce fairly good yields in dry seasons. However, total crop failures The level topography of the Ferndale soils prevents rapid runoff of water and is a factor contributing to poor drainage. 78
due to drowning sometimes occur since the soil generally remains waterlogged during rainy periods. Drainage improvement by the use of tile drains and open ditches would increase the capabilit,y of the soil to produce a wider range of crops. The type requires additions of manure to maintain satisfactory soil structure and fertilizers should be added if the drainage is improved. Ferndale Silt Loam (2,000 acres) Feindale silt loam is somewhat lower in natural fertility than the Ferndale clay loam because of its coarser texture. However, its coarser texture makes it easier to cultivate. I. RECENT ALLUVIAL 11IATERIALS Bottom Land (48,900 acres) The low lying soils along stream courses which are subject to flooding are mapped as Bottom Land. Bottom Land is an immature soil and shows little horizon differentiation. The profile usually consists of a deep dark coloured surface underlain by greyish material. The draina,ge varies but is usually poor. Vegetation consists of willow, elm and cedar. Bulrushes, sedges and marsh grasses occur where the land is flooded for most of the season. Bottom Land is used largely for pasture but in some locations, where large areas exist, it can be cult!ivated and used for general farm crops. Before general farm crops can be grown successfully the time and extent of flooding must be considered. J. ORGANIC SOILS (i) Very Poor Drainage 3Iuck (66,900 acres) Muck soils are made up of well decomposed organic materials and are very dark in colour. The profile of a muck soil usually does not exhibit the characteristic layering of the mineral soils. The following description of a muck soil indicates the arrangement of the layers. (I) Surface : black (10 YR 2/l); well decomposed organic materials derived from sedges, leaves and other readily decomposable mat’erial; variable depth; neutral reaction. (2) less well decomposed woody material. (3) sticky; dark in colour; well decomposed. (4) clay, sand, marl or bedrock. Muck us;ually occurs on depressional topography. The drainage is very poor and often muck land is under water fof part of the season. The vegetation consists mainly of el.m, ash, white cedar and sedges, the lat’ter being the dominant herbaceous plant. The reaction ranges from neutral to slightly alkaline. 79
Page 2 and 3:
y D. W. HOFFMAN Experimental Farms
Page 4 and 5:
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The Canada Departme
Page 6 and 7:
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont’d) PART I
Page 8 and 9:
FIG. l-Outline map of Ontario showi
Page 10 and 11:
Information pertaining to land use,
Page 12 and 13:
Population and Racial Origin The to
Page 14 and 15:
PART II FACTORS AFFECTING THE FORMA
Page 16 and 17:
TABLE 2 ANALYSES OF BEDROCK FORMATI
Page 18 and 19:
The soils found on the coarse open
Page 20 and 21:
‘TOPOGRAPHY I Simple Topography )
Page 22 and 23:
DRAINAGE SYSTEM FIG. 7 --Ott tline
Page 24 and 25:
MONTH TABLE 6 TEMPERATURE AT LUCKNO
Page 26 and 27:
SOUTHAMPTON, (62 Years) Ontario. 0
Page 28 and 29: NATURAL VEGETATION Soft Maple, Elm,
Page 30 and 31: P,4RT III THE CLASSIFICATION AND DE
Page 32 and 33: Ao - Accu mulated layer of partiall
Page 34 and 35: 1). Soils Formed from Fine Textured
Page 36 and 37: I. Till Composed of Grey Materials
Page 38 and 39: Agriculture Ao - Thin etc. layer of
Page 40 and 41: A virgin profile, developed under h
Page 42 and 43: Harkaway Silt Loam— Stony Phase (
Page 44 and 45: Wiarton Loam (3,500 acres) The Wiar
Page 46 and 47: Parkhill Silt Loam (2,600 acres) Th
Page 48 and 49: potash and nitrogen are necessary t
Page 50 and 51: The soil is fairly well supplied wi
Page 52 and 53: Brookston Silt Loam (2,000 acres) T
Page 54 and 55: ii, Thin layer of partially decompo
Page 56 and 57: A,, - Thin layer of partially decom
Page 58 and 59: The vegetative cover on this Plainf
Page 60 and 61: The characteristic A horizons of th
Page 62 and 63: Brady sandy loam is a smooth very g
Page 64 and 65: Agriculture General farming and dai
Page 66 and 67: The B horizon of the Burford loam r
Page 68 and 69: The topography is smooth very gentl
Page 70 and 71: The clay till or clay usually appea
Page 72 and 73: Developed on stonefree, calcareous,
Page 74 and 75: (ii) lmperfec t Drainage Elderslie
Page 76 and 77: The dark grey surface underlain by
Page 80 and 81: Agriculture Most of the mlick soils
Page 82 and 83: PART IV AGRICULTURE AND LAND USE Ea
Page 84 and 85: agriculture in the area. Large acre
Page 86 and 87: TEXTURE looms, silt looms. FIG. I,?
Page 88 and 89: The Donnybrook soils are usually a
Page 90 and 91: Good wheat crops are produced on Te
Page 92 and 93: (h) Imperfect Drainage SOIL TYPE AC
Page 94 and 95: Adaptability Rating for Bruce Count
Page 96 and 97: : : : : : .:: : : : : : ii. : :id j
Page 98 and 99: - - - - - L - F - - I __ I I I -
Page 100 and 101: TABLE 19 ACRE-YIELDS OF SOME CROPS
Page 102 and 103: Problem Areas Gully-erosion is ofte
Page 104 and 105: otations consisting largely of sod
Page 106 and 107: PART V~ ANALYTICAL DATA Chemical an
Page 108 and 109: I TABLE 22 (Cont’d) CJJEMJCA I, A
Page 110: TABLE 23 CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL ANAL
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GUELPH, ONTARIO - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

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