GUELPH, ONTARIO - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

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The clay till or clay usually appears at depths of three feet and less. Although an arbitrary depth of 3 feet and less of sandy overburden has been established for the Berrien series, occasionally the sand deposits are more variable. In places the clay or clay till may come to the surface between sandy swells. The natural drainage is imperfect, the run-off being low and the permeability SlOW. The natural vegetation consists mainly of soft maple, elm and ash. Coniferous species such as hemlock, cedar and spruce may also occur. Agriculture The Berrien sandy loam in Bruce County occurs chiefly along the Lake Huron shore and can be used for the production of tree fruits, small fruits and vegetables when drained. However, most of the type is used for general farming. The chief limitations to successful crop production are low fertility and inadequate drainage. High fertility levels required for cash crops should be maint,ained by additions of mineral fertilizer and barnyard manure. General farm crops also require fertilizer additions if yields are to be maintained. Drainage by tiles may prove difficult because of the variation in depth of the sandy overburden. (iii) Poor Drainage Wauseon Sandy Loam (7,200 acres) The Wauseon series occurs in smooth very gently sloping to depressional areas and is the poorly drained member of the Bookton catena. A Dark Grey Gleisolic type of profile has developed in which it is difficult to observe the horizon differentiation. The original tree cover under which this type developed consisted of elm, ash and cedar. Aspen and willow are common in areas where secondary growth occurs. The following is a description of a Wauseon sandy loam profile occurring under natural forest cover: A0 - Thin layer of partially decomposed leaves, twigs, etc. A1 - O-8 inches sandy loam; very dark brown (10 YR 2/2); fine crumb structure; very friable consistency; stonefree; pH - 7.2. G - 8-14 inches sand; light yellowish brown (10 YR 6/4) ; mottled; single grain structure; loose consistency; stonefree; pH - 7.2. C - 14-17 inches sand; very pale brown (10 YR 7/4) ; mottled; single grain structure; loose consistency; abrupt boundary; pH - 7.6. I> - Clay till or clay; pale brown (10 YR 6/3) ; massive structure; hard consistency; calcareous; pH - 7.8. Smooth very gently sloping to depressional topography and poor drainage are characteristics of this type. The profile is stonefree and the surface soil is usually fairly high in organic matter. 70
Agriculture The use capability of Wauseon sandy loam is limited to a large extent by poor drainage. Drainage improvement will permit the growing of a wider range of crops but it is sometimes difficult to install drains due to the saucerlike topography of some areas. IJnder natural conditions the soil produces fair crops of pasture or forest. If the drainage were improved and the fertility were maintained, crops similar to those on the Bookton soils could be grown. H. SOILS FORRIED FROM LACUSTRINE MATERIALS An extensive area of stonefree clay occurs in the district from Chesley to Lake Huron. These materials were deposited in the still water of some post glacial lake. The Saugeen series is the well drained member of the catena bearing the same name. The Elderslie series is the imperfectly drained member and the Chesley series is the poorly drained member. The Saugeen and Elderslie series exhibit characteristics of the Brown Forest and Grey-Brown Podzolic soils and consequently might’ be considered as an intergrade between these two Great Groups. The Chesley series is a member of the Dark Grey Gleisolic soils. In addition to the Chesley series two other poorly drained soils on fine textured lacustrine deposits have been mapped in Bruce County, namely the Toledo and the Ferndale series. These soils have developed on grey and light brownish grey fine textured deposits respectively. The imperfectly and well drained catenary members of these two series do not occur in Bruce County. (i) Good Drainage Saugeen Silty Clay Loam (28,200 acres) Developed on pale brown calcareous lacustrine clay, Chesley silty clay loam occurs in t,he vicinity of Chesley and Paisley. The type is well drained and is characteristic of the Brown Forest - Grey-Brown Podzolic Intergrades. Present woodlots show the tree cover to be mainly elm and soft maple. A profile description of a typical Saugeen silty clay loam profile follows: A0 - Thin layer of partially decomposed leaves, twigs, etc. A1 - O-4 inches silty clay loam; grey (10 YR 5/ 1) ; fine nuciform structure; friable consistency when dry, plastic when wet; stonefree; pH - 6.3. & - 4-9 inches silty clay loam; yellowish brown (10 YR 5,‘4); medium nuciform structure; hard consistency when dry, plastic when wet; stonefree; pH - 6.5. 9-16 inches clay; brown (10 YR 5/3); coarse blocky to weak columnar structure; very hard consistency when dry, very plastic when wet; stonefree; pH - 6.6. Clay; pale brown (10 YR 6/3) ; coarse nuciform structure; very hard consistency when dry, very plast!ic when wet’; stonefree; calcareous; pH - 7.6. 71
Page 2 and 3:
y D. W. HOFFMAN Experimental Farms
Page 4 and 5:
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The Canada Departme
Page 6 and 7:
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont’d) PART I
Page 8 and 9:
FIG. l-Outline map of Ontario showi
Page 10 and 11:
Information pertaining to land use,
Page 12 and 13:
Population and Racial Origin The to
Page 14 and 15:
PART II FACTORS AFFECTING THE FORMA
Page 16 and 17:
TABLE 2 ANALYSES OF BEDROCK FORMATI
Page 18 and 19:
The soils found on the coarse open
Page 20 and 21: ‘TOPOGRAPHY I Simple Topography )
Page 22 and 23: DRAINAGE SYSTEM FIG. 7 --Ott tline
Page 24 and 25: MONTH TABLE 6 TEMPERATURE AT LUCKNO
Page 26 and 27: SOUTHAMPTON, (62 Years) Ontario. 0
Page 28 and 29: NATURAL VEGETATION Soft Maple, Elm,
Page 30 and 31: P,4RT III THE CLASSIFICATION AND DE
Page 32 and 33: Ao - Accu mulated layer of partiall
Page 34 and 35: 1). Soils Formed from Fine Textured
Page 36 and 37: I. Till Composed of Grey Materials
Page 38 and 39: Agriculture Ao - Thin etc. layer of
Page 40 and 41: A virgin profile, developed under h
Page 42 and 43: Harkaway Silt Loam— Stony Phase (
Page 44 and 45: Wiarton Loam (3,500 acres) The Wiar
Page 46 and 47: Parkhill Silt Loam (2,600 acres) Th
Page 48 and 49: potash and nitrogen are necessary t
Page 50 and 51: The soil is fairly well supplied wi
Page 52 and 53: Brookston Silt Loam (2,000 acres) T
Page 54 and 55: ii, Thin layer of partially decompo
Page 56 and 57: A,, - Thin layer of partially decom
Page 58 and 59: The vegetative cover on this Plainf
Page 60 and 61: The characteristic A horizons of th
Page 62 and 63: Brady sandy loam is a smooth very g
Page 64 and 65: Agriculture General farming and dai
Page 66 and 67: The B horizon of the Burford loam r
Page 68 and 69: The topography is smooth very gentl
Page 72 and 73: Developed on stonefree, calcareous,
Page 74 and 75: (ii) lmperfec t Drainage Elderslie
Page 76 and 77: The dark grey surface underlain by
Page 78 and 79: A 0 — A 1 — G 1 — G 2 — C T
Page 80 and 81: Agriculture Most of the mlick soils
Page 82 and 83: PART IV AGRICULTURE AND LAND USE Ea
Page 84 and 85: agriculture in the area. Large acre
Page 86 and 87: TEXTURE looms, silt looms. FIG. I,?
Page 88 and 89: The Donnybrook soils are usually a
Page 90 and 91: Good wheat crops are produced on Te
Page 92 and 93: (h) Imperfect Drainage SOIL TYPE AC
Page 94 and 95: Adaptability Rating for Bruce Count
Page 96 and 97: : : : : : .:: : : : : : ii. : :id j
Page 98 and 99: - - - - - L - F - - I __ I I I -
Page 100 and 101: TABLE 19 ACRE-YIELDS OF SOME CROPS
Page 102 and 103: Problem Areas Gully-erosion is ofte
Page 104 and 105: otations consisting largely of sod
Page 106 and 107: PART V~ ANALYTICAL DATA Chemical an
Page 108 and 109: I TABLE 22 (Cont’d) CJJEMJCA I, A
Page 110: TABLE 23 CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL ANAL
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