GUELPH, ONTARIO - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

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The topography is smooth very gently sloping and t’he drainage is poor. The natural vegetation consists mainly of elm, ash and cedar. Agriculture Gilford loam is used for pasture and woodlot. Poor drainage and low fertility limit crop production. However, when drainage is improved and fertility levels are maintained, fair yields of cereal grains, hay and pasture can be obtained. The organic matter content is high but phosphorus and potassium levels are low. When cultivated, soil amendments are needed for adequate crop growth. G. SOILS DEVELOPED FROM SHALLOW SANDS OVER CLAY TILL OR CLAY Soils developed on sands underlain by clay till or clay occupy about 3 per cent of Bruce County. The outwash materials are similar to those of the Fox catena while the clay till resembles that of the Huron catena. The clay materials resemble those of the Saugeen catena. The depth of sand is variable, ranging from a veneer of a few inches in depth up to three feet. Three series were mapped, the Bookton occurring on well drained sites, the Berrien on the imperfectly drained areas, and the Wauseon on the poorly drained locations. Where the sand deposit is a foot or more in depth a fair profile has developed which exhibits Grey-Brown Podzolic characteristics. (i) Good Drainage Bookton Sandy Loam (400 acres) Bookton sandy loam is a well drained soil with smooth gently sloping to moderat#ely sloping topography. A wide range of profiles occurs depending on the depth of sand overburden. The profile exhibits the following characteristics: A0 - Thin layer of partially decomposed leaves, twigs, etc. A1 - AZ - B2 - - O-3 inches sandy loam; dark greyish brown (10 YR 4/2) ; fi ne crumb structure; very friable consistency; stonefree; pH - 6.6. 3-8 inches sand; yellowish brown (10 YR 5/6) ; single grain structure; loose consistency; stonefree; pH - 6.1. 8-16 inches sand; dark brown (10 YR 4/3) ; single grain structure; loose consistency; stonefree; pH - 6.8. IG-22 inches sand; brown (10 YR 5/3) ; single grain structure ; loose consistency; stonefree; pH - 7.0. Sand; greyish brown (10 YR 5/2); single grain structure ; loose consistency ; calcareous; pH-7.6. Clay till or clay; brow-n (10 YR 5/3); prismatic structure; hard consistency; calcareous; pH -7.8. 68 /
There is a wide variation in the depth of sandy overburden. The heavy clay till or clay occurs at depths of 6 to 36 inches. The natural vegetation found in the woodlots consists mainly of hard maple, beech and spruce. Agriculture Bookton sandy loam in Bruce County is used for dairying and general farming. The sandy veneer is low in phosphorus and potassium but the underlying clay till is better supplied with these elements. The type is fairly well suit’ed to the production of cereal grains, hay and pasture. Vegetables, tree fruits and small fruits should do well where the climatic environment is satisfactory. Fertility and organic matter ,maintenance are the main requirements for successful farming on this soil. Satisfactory nutrient and structural conditions can be maintained by soil management practices commonly associated with successful dairy farming operations. (ii) Imperfectly Drained Berrien Sandy Loam (24,600 acres) 13errien sandy loam is the imperfectly drained member of the Bookton catena and exhibits the characteristics of the Grey-Brown Podzolic Great Soil Group. The topography is smooth gently sloping. The profile description is as follows: A2 B2 B3 c D - Thin layer of partially decomposed leaves, twigs, etc. - O-5 inches sandy loam; dark greyish brown (10 YR 4/2) ; fine crumb structure; very friable consistency; stonefree; pH - 6.8. - 5-9 inches sand; pale brown (10 YR 6/3) ; mottled; single grain structure ; loose consistency ; stonefree; pH - 6.G. - 9-19 inches sand; dark brown (10 YR 4/3); mottled; single grain structure; loose consistency; stonefree; pH - 7.2. - 19-29 inches sand; yellowish brown (10 YR 5/6) ; single grain structure; loose consistency; stonefree; pH - 7.2. - 29-32 inches sand and gravel; greyish brown (10 YR 5/2); single grain structure; loose consistency; calcareous; pH - 7.6. - Clay till or clay; brown (10 YR 5/3) ; massive structure ; hard consistency ; calcareous ; pH - 7.6. 69
Page 2 and 3:
y D. W. HOFFMAN Experimental Farms
Page 4 and 5:
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The Canada Departme
Page 6 and 7:
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont’d) PART I
Page 8 and 9:
FIG. l-Outline map of Ontario showi
Page 10 and 11:
Information pertaining to land use,
Page 12 and 13:
Population and Racial Origin The to
Page 14 and 15:
PART II FACTORS AFFECTING THE FORMA
Page 16 and 17:
TABLE 2 ANALYSES OF BEDROCK FORMATI
Page 18 and 19: The soils found on the coarse open
Page 20 and 21: ‘TOPOGRAPHY I Simple Topography )
Page 22 and 23: DRAINAGE SYSTEM FIG. 7 --Ott tline
Page 24 and 25: MONTH TABLE 6 TEMPERATURE AT LUCKNO
Page 26 and 27: SOUTHAMPTON, (62 Years) Ontario. 0
Page 28 and 29: NATURAL VEGETATION Soft Maple, Elm,
Page 30 and 31: P,4RT III THE CLASSIFICATION AND DE
Page 32 and 33: Ao - Accu mulated layer of partiall
Page 34 and 35: 1). Soils Formed from Fine Textured
Page 36 and 37: I. Till Composed of Grey Materials
Page 38 and 39: Agriculture Ao - Thin etc. layer of
Page 40 and 41: A virgin profile, developed under h
Page 42 and 43: Harkaway Silt Loam— Stony Phase (
Page 44 and 45: Wiarton Loam (3,500 acres) The Wiar
Page 46 and 47: Parkhill Silt Loam (2,600 acres) Th
Page 48 and 49: potash and nitrogen are necessary t
Page 50 and 51: The soil is fairly well supplied wi
Page 52 and 53: Brookston Silt Loam (2,000 acres) T
Page 54 and 55: ii, Thin layer of partially decompo
Page 56 and 57: A,, - Thin layer of partially decom
Page 58 and 59: The vegetative cover on this Plainf
Page 60 and 61: The characteristic A horizons of th
Page 62 and 63: Brady sandy loam is a smooth very g
Page 64 and 65: Agriculture General farming and dai
Page 66 and 67: The B horizon of the Burford loam r
Page 70 and 71: The clay till or clay usually appea
Page 72 and 73: Developed on stonefree, calcareous,
Page 74 and 75: (ii) lmperfec t Drainage Elderslie
Page 76 and 77: The dark grey surface underlain by
Page 78 and 79: A 0 — A 1 — G 1 — G 2 — C T
Page 80 and 81: Agriculture Most of the mlick soils
Page 82 and 83: PART IV AGRICULTURE AND LAND USE Ea
Page 84 and 85: agriculture in the area. Large acre
Page 86 and 87: TEXTURE looms, silt looms. FIG. I,?
Page 88 and 89: The Donnybrook soils are usually a
Page 90 and 91: Good wheat crops are produced on Te
Page 92 and 93: (h) Imperfect Drainage SOIL TYPE AC
Page 94 and 95: Adaptability Rating for Bruce Count
Page 96 and 97: : : : : : .:: : : : : : ii. : :id j
Page 98 and 99: - - - - - L - F - - I __ I I I -
Page 100 and 101: TABLE 19 ACRE-YIELDS OF SOME CROPS
Page 102 and 103: Problem Areas Gully-erosion is ofte
Page 104 and 105: otations consisting largely of sod
Page 106 and 107: PART V~ ANALYTICAL DATA Chemical an
Page 108 and 109: I TABLE 22 (Cont’d) CJJEMJCA I, A
Page 110: TABLE 23 CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL ANAL
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GUELPH, ONTARIO - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

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