GUELPH, ONTARIO - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

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The B horizon of the Burford loam rests on the well sorted, gravelly, calcareous parent material. tables do well when the soil is heavily fertilized, and tree fruits are good when the climate is moderate. The chief limiting factor to crop growth on Burford soils is low fertility. Additions of commercial fertilizers and manures are necessary in order to maintain an adequate fertility level. When such additions are made according to the requirements of the soil and of the crop to be grown, yields will be good. In some areas cobblestones appear at or near the surface which may interfere with cultivation. Early spring cultivation is possible because of the porosity of the soil, which allows rapid percolation of water. (ii) Imperfect Drainage Brisbane Loam (1,600 acres) One of the lesser series found in the County, Brisbane loam is the imperfectly drained member of the Burford catena and is a Grey-Brown Podzolic soil. Smooth very gentle slopes and moderate to slow drainage are characteristic of the type. A description of a typical Brisbane loam profile follows: 66
- - -- Thin layer of partially decomposed leaves, twigs, etc. O-6 inches loam ; very dark greyish brown (10 YR 3/2) ; fine granular structure; friable consistency; few stones; pH - 6.8. G-10 inches loam; yellowish brown (10 YR 5/4) ; slightly mottled; weak platy structure; friable consistency; few stones; pH - 6.5. lo-22 inches clay loam; dark brown (10 YR 4/3) ; mottled; medium nuciform structure; hard consistency; gravelly; frequent stones; pH - 7.0. (1 - Gravel and sand; light grey (10 YR 7,/2); single grain structure; loose consistency ; calcareous ; pH - 7.8. The internal drainage of the Brisbane loam is moderate and the est,ernal drainage is low. The natural vegetation in the remaining woodlots consists chiefly of soft maple and elm with ash, ironwood and balsam occurring in smaller amounts. Agriculture Crop production on the Brisbane loam is limited by imperfect drainage and low fertility. Under nat’ural drainage conditions fair crops of oats, red clover, alsike, hay and past)ure can be grown, but when drainage is improved the type is capable of grooving the same crops that are grown on the Burford loam. Nitrogenous, phosphatic and potassic fertilizers should be added to the cultivated soil to increase fertility. The type is used chiefly for general farming and occurs as small areas scattered throughout the County. (iii) Poor Drainage Gilford Loam (900 acres) The Gilford series is the poorly drained member of the Burford, Teeswater and Sargent catenas and exhibits the characteristics of the Dark Grey Gleisolic Great Soil Group. Only a very small area of the type occurs in Bruce County. The following is a description of a Gilford loam profile: -41- G c Thin layer of partially decomposed leaves, twigs, etc. O-6 inches loam; very dark brown (10 YR 2/2); fine granular structure; friable consistency; few stones; pH - 7.0. 6-19 inches loam; greyish brown (10 YR 5/2) ; mottled; medium blocky structure; friable consistency; stony; pH - 7.2. Gravelly outwash; brown (10 YR 5/3) ; single grain structure; loose consistency; calcareous; pH - 7.6. 67
Page 2 and 3:
y D. W. HOFFMAN Experimental Farms
Page 4 and 5:
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The Canada Departme
Page 6 and 7:
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont’d) PART I
Page 8 and 9:
FIG. l-Outline map of Ontario showi
Page 10 and 11:
Information pertaining to land use,
Page 12 and 13:
Population and Racial Origin The to
Page 14 and 15:
PART II FACTORS AFFECTING THE FORMA
Page 16 and 17: TABLE 2 ANALYSES OF BEDROCK FORMATI
Page 18 and 19: The soils found on the coarse open
Page 20 and 21: ‘TOPOGRAPHY I Simple Topography )
Page 22 and 23: DRAINAGE SYSTEM FIG. 7 --Ott tline
Page 24 and 25: MONTH TABLE 6 TEMPERATURE AT LUCKNO
Page 26 and 27: SOUTHAMPTON, (62 Years) Ontario. 0
Page 28 and 29: NATURAL VEGETATION Soft Maple, Elm,
Page 30 and 31: P,4RT III THE CLASSIFICATION AND DE
Page 32 and 33: Ao - Accu mulated layer of partiall
Page 34 and 35: 1). Soils Formed from Fine Textured
Page 36 and 37: I. Till Composed of Grey Materials
Page 38 and 39: Agriculture Ao - Thin etc. layer of
Page 40 and 41: A virgin profile, developed under h
Page 42 and 43: Harkaway Silt Loam— Stony Phase (
Page 44 and 45: Wiarton Loam (3,500 acres) The Wiar
Page 46 and 47: Parkhill Silt Loam (2,600 acres) Th
Page 48 and 49: potash and nitrogen are necessary t
Page 50 and 51: The soil is fairly well supplied wi
Page 52 and 53: Brookston Silt Loam (2,000 acres) T
Page 54 and 55: ii, Thin layer of partially decompo
Page 56 and 57: A,, - Thin layer of partially decom
Page 58 and 59: The vegetative cover on this Plainf
Page 60 and 61: The characteristic A horizons of th
Page 62 and 63: Brady sandy loam is a smooth very g
Page 64 and 65: Agriculture General farming and dai
Page 68 and 69: The topography is smooth very gentl
Page 70 and 71: The clay till or clay usually appea
Page 72 and 73: Developed on stonefree, calcareous,
Page 74 and 75: (ii) lmperfec t Drainage Elderslie
Page 76 and 77: The dark grey surface underlain by
Page 78 and 79: A 0 — A 1 — G 1 — G 2 — C T
Page 80 and 81: Agriculture Most of the mlick soils
Page 82 and 83: PART IV AGRICULTURE AND LAND USE Ea
Page 84 and 85: agriculture in the area. Large acre
Page 86 and 87: TEXTURE looms, silt looms. FIG. I,?
Page 88 and 89: The Donnybrook soils are usually a
Page 90 and 91: Good wheat crops are produced on Te
Page 92 and 93: (h) Imperfect Drainage SOIL TYPE AC
Page 94 and 95: Adaptability Rating for Bruce Count
Page 96 and 97: : : : : : .:: : : : : : ii. : :id j
Page 98 and 99: - - - - - L - F - - I __ I I I -
Page 100 and 101: TABLE 19 ACRE-YIELDS OF SOME CROPS
Page 102 and 103: Problem Areas Gully-erosion is ofte
Page 104 and 105: otations consisting largely of sod
Page 106 and 107: PART V~ ANALYTICAL DATA Chemical an
Page 108 and 109: I TABLE 22 (Cont’d) CJJEMJCA I, A
Page 110: TABLE 23 CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL ANAL
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GUELPH, ONTARIO - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

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