GUELPH, ONTARIO - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

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The characteristic A horizons of the Podzol soil are not in evidence in areas where the land has been disturbed by cultivation. The Tioga occurs as a smooth very gently sloping outwash plain with low external drainage and rapid internal drainage. Tree cover consists mainly of sugar maple and beech, although in many sections where these trees have been removed, a secondary growth of poplar, silver birch, balsam and cedar is common. The natural fertility of the series is 101~ and the surface reaction is usually medium acid. Agriculture General farming and the growing of some specialized crops is practised on the Tioga series. Because of low fertility and susceptibility to erosion large acreages have been reforested. However, where the land is cleared fairly extensive areas are used for pasture purposes. When heavy applications of fertilizer are applied good potato crops can be grown. Where the soil is cultivated, additions of barnyard manure are needed to reduce the loss of soil by wind erosion and increase and maintain the organic matter content of the soil. Fertilizers high in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium should be used for satisfactory growth of most farm crops. Tioga Sand (100 acres) Tioga sand is one of t,he minor soil types occurring in the County and is similar to the sandy loam. It is somewhat more susceptible to erosion and has a lower natural fertility than the sandy loam. * The type is probably best used for forestry. Sullivan Sandy Loam (2,600 acres) Sullivan sandy loam is developed on calcareous sandy outwash materials and is found chiefly in the vicinity of the town of Hanover. It exhibits both Brown Forest and Grey-Brown Podzolic characteristics and is considered to be a Brown Forest - Grey-Brown Podzolic Intergrade. The following is a description of a profile developed under deciduous vegetation: A0 - Thin layer of partially decomposed leaves, twigs, etc. Al - O-3 inches sandy loam ; dark grey (2.5 Y R 4/O); fine crumb structure; very friable consistency; stonefree; pH - 7.2. BZ - 3-10 inches sand; dark brown (10 YR 4/3) ; single grain structure ; loose consistency ; stonefree; pH - 7.4. C - Sand; grey (10 YR 6/ 1) ; single grain structure; loose consistency; calcareous; pH - 8.0. Although the series is essentially stonefree, occasional gravel strata occur in some areas. The topography is smooth gently sloping and the drainage is good. The natural vegetation present in existing woodlots consists mainly of 60
hard maple and beech. The series has a low level of natural fertility, being low to very low in phosphorus and organic matter and low in potassium. Agriculture * A large part of the type is cleared and is used for general farming and dairying. Much of the land is in pasture, while crops of wheat, oats and hay are found on t)he cultivated areas. Tree fruits are adapted to the series, especially where the climat,e permits. The type usually occurs in a part of the County where the climate is too rigorous for the growing of tender fruits. Sullivan sandy loam is only fairly well suited to the production of most farm crops because of low fertility and susceptibility to wind erosion. Chemical tests indicate that the type is low in practically all plant nutrients and the organic matter content is low. Fertilizers high in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium should be used if adequate yields of most farm crops are to be obtained. The soil should be protected from wind erosion by long rotations and cover crops. Loss of soil by erosion is particularly dangerous on soils of this type with such a shallow solum. The open nature of the materials makes retention of soil moisture difficult, and the type is usually droughty. Sullivan Sand (1,900 acres) Where the surface texture is sand rather than sandy loam, Sullivan sand is mapped. Low fertility and susceptibility to erosion make these soils only fairly well suited to the production of the crops commonly grown in the district. . (iii) Imperfect Drainage Brady Sandy Loam (17,400 acres) Formed on materials similar to those of the-Fox and Sullivan series, Brady sandy loam is the imperfectly drained member of the Fox and Sullivan catenas and exhibits the characteristics of the Grey-Brown Podzolic Great Soil Group. A profile description of a typical Brady sandy loam developed under forest cover follows: A0 - Thin layer of partially decomposed leaves, twigs, etc. A1 - O-5 inches sandy loam; very dark brown (10 YR 2/2) ; fine crumb structure; friable consistency; stonefree; pH - 6.8. B2 5-13 inches sand; yellowish brown (10 YR 5/4) ; mottled; single grain structure; loose consistency; stonefree; pH - 6.5. 13-23 inches sandy loam; dark brown (10 YR 4/3) ; mottled; fine nuciform structure; friable consistency ; stonefree; pH - 7.0. Sand; light grey (10 YR 7/2) ; single grain structure; loose consistency; stonefree; calcareous; pH - 7.8. 61
Page 2 and 3:
y D. W. HOFFMAN Experimental Farms
Page 4 and 5:
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The Canada Departme
Page 6 and 7:
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont’d) PART I
Page 8 and 9:
FIG. l-Outline map of Ontario showi
Page 10 and 11: Information pertaining to land use,
Page 12 and 13: Population and Racial Origin The to
Page 14 and 15: PART II FACTORS AFFECTING THE FORMA
Page 16 and 17: TABLE 2 ANALYSES OF BEDROCK FORMATI
Page 18 and 19: The soils found on the coarse open
Page 20 and 21: ‘TOPOGRAPHY I Simple Topography )
Page 22 and 23: DRAINAGE SYSTEM FIG. 7 --Ott tline
Page 24 and 25: MONTH TABLE 6 TEMPERATURE AT LUCKNO
Page 26 and 27: SOUTHAMPTON, (62 Years) Ontario. 0
Page 28 and 29: NATURAL VEGETATION Soft Maple, Elm,
Page 30 and 31: P,4RT III THE CLASSIFICATION AND DE
Page 32 and 33: Ao - Accu mulated layer of partiall
Page 34 and 35: 1). Soils Formed from Fine Textured
Page 36 and 37: I. Till Composed of Grey Materials
Page 38 and 39: Agriculture Ao - Thin etc. layer of
Page 40 and 41: A virgin profile, developed under h
Page 42 and 43: Harkaway Silt Loam— Stony Phase (
Page 44 and 45: Wiarton Loam (3,500 acres) The Wiar
Page 46 and 47: Parkhill Silt Loam (2,600 acres) Th
Page 48 and 49: potash and nitrogen are necessary t
Page 50 and 51: The soil is fairly well supplied wi
Page 52 and 53: Brookston Silt Loam (2,000 acres) T
Page 54 and 55: ii, Thin layer of partially decompo
Page 56 and 57: A,, - Thin layer of partially decom
Page 58 and 59: The vegetative cover on this Plainf
Page 62 and 63: Brady sandy loam is a smooth very g
Page 64 and 65: Agriculture General farming and dai
Page 66 and 67: The B horizon of the Burford loam r
Page 68 and 69: The topography is smooth very gentl
Page 70 and 71: The clay till or clay usually appea
Page 72 and 73: Developed on stonefree, calcareous,
Page 74 and 75: (ii) lmperfec t Drainage Elderslie
Page 76 and 77: The dark grey surface underlain by
Page 78 and 79: A 0 — A 1 — G 1 — G 2 — C T
Page 80 and 81: Agriculture Most of the mlick soils
Page 82 and 83: PART IV AGRICULTURE AND LAND USE Ea
Page 84 and 85: agriculture in the area. Large acre
Page 86 and 87: TEXTURE looms, silt looms. FIG. I,?
Page 88 and 89: The Donnybrook soils are usually a
Page 90 and 91: Good wheat crops are produced on Te
Page 92 and 93: (h) Imperfect Drainage SOIL TYPE AC
Page 94 and 95: Adaptability Rating for Bruce Count
Page 96 and 97: : : : : : .:: : : : : : ii. : :id j
Page 98 and 99: - - - - - L - F - - I __ I I I -
Page 100 and 101: TABLE 19 ACRE-YIELDS OF SOME CROPS
Page 102 and 103: Problem Areas Gully-erosion is ofte
Page 104 and 105: otations consisting largely of sod
Page 106 and 107: PART V~ ANALYTICAL DATA Chemical an
Page 108 and 109: I TABLE 22 (Cont’d) CJJEMJCA I, A
Page 110:
TABLE 23 CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL ANAL
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GUELPH, ONTARIO - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

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