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Wiarton Loam (3,500 acres) The Wiarton soils occur chiefly in the Wiarton district and are developed on the same materials as the Harkaway series. Wiarton loam is the imperfectly drained member of the Harkaway catena and is a Brown Forest - Grey- Brown Podzolic soil. A common W&ton loam profile exhibits the following characteristics: A0 - Thin layer of partially decomposed twigs, leaves, etc. - B2 - c O-6 inches loam; very dark grey-brown (10 YR 3/2); medium granular structure ; friable consistency; moderately stony; pH - 7.2. 6-12 inches loam; brown (10 YR 5/3) ; mottled; medium nuciform structure ; firm consistency ; moderately stony; pH - 7.4. Loam till ; pale brown (10 YR G/3) ; fine platy structure; hard consistency; moderately stony; calcareous; pH - - 8.0. As in the Harkaway soils, a thin A2 horizon and a finer textured B horizon may be present in the Wiarton profiles. The topography of the Wiarton series is smooth, gently sloping. External drainage is low and internal drainage is moderate. The natural vegetation consists principally of hardwoods - elm and soft maple being the dominant species with silver birch, poplar and ash also occurring. Agriculture Wiarton soils support a certain amount of general farming and are best suited to the growing of oats, hay and pasture. Red clover and alsike produce good crops on these soils and should be included in the rotat’ion. A wider range of crops can be grown when drainage is improved. Stones often occur in sufficiently large numbers to interfere with cultivation. The Wiarton soils are well supplied with lime but are low in phosphate, medium in potash and medium in nitrogen, and fertilizer should be used if good yields are to be obtained. Wiarton Silt Loam (1,600 acres) This type occurs in small scattered areas in northern Bruce County, and is associated with the Wiarton loam. The profile differs from the Wiarton loam only in the texture of the surface horizons. The type is used similarly to the Wiarton loam but crop yields are often somewhat higher. (iii) Poor Drainage Parkhill Loam (8,400 acres) Parkhill loam is mapped in association with the Harriston, Harkaway, Listowel, and Wiarton soils and usually occurs in very gently sloping to depressional areas. It is the poorly drained member of the Harriston and Harkaway catenas. The Parkhill series has also been mapped in many other counties in 44
Ontario as the poorly drained member of other soil catenas developed on loamy limestone till. The soil belongs to the Dark Grey Gleisolic Great Soil Group and exhibits the following profile characteristics: A 0 — Thin layer of partially decomposed leaves, twigs, etc. A 1 — 0-7 inches loam; very dark brown (10 YR 2/2); fine granular structure; friable consistency; few stones; pH — 7.0. G — 7-16 inches loam; greyish brown (10 YR 5/2); mottled; massive structure; friable consistency; few to frequent stones; pH — 7.2. C — Loam till; pale brown (10 YR 6/3); mottled; medium nuciform structure; hard consistency; stony; calcareous; pH — 7.8. Because of its topographic position the natural drainage of the Parkhill loam is poor. This condition is often intensified by seepage from the surrounding higher land. The natural vegetation consists mainly of white cedar, elm, soft maple, hemlock and willow. Agriculture A large proportion of the Parkhill remains in woodland. Areas not in woodland are often used for pasture. When cultivated it is a late soil in the spring and at best is only fairly well suited to the production of cereal grains. Poor drainage makes it unsuited for the production of legumes. Timothy, hay and permanent pasture do fairly well and fair yields of buckwheat are obtained. Where the soil is cultivated, applications of phosphatic fertilizer are required to maintain fertility levels. Parkhill loam, supporting poor pasture such as this, should be cultivated and planted to a good permanent pasture mixture. 45
Page 2 and 3: y D. W. HOFFMAN Experimental Farms
Page 4 and 5: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The Canada Departme
Page 6 and 7: TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont’d) PART I
Page 8 and 9: FIG. l-Outline map of Ontario showi
Page 10 and 11: Information pertaining to land use,
Page 12 and 13: Population and Racial Origin The to
Page 14 and 15: PART II FACTORS AFFECTING THE FORMA
Page 16 and 17: TABLE 2 ANALYSES OF BEDROCK FORMATI
Page 18 and 19: The soils found on the coarse open
Page 20 and 21: ‘TOPOGRAPHY I Simple Topography )
Page 22 and 23: DRAINAGE SYSTEM FIG. 7 --Ott tline
Page 24 and 25: MONTH TABLE 6 TEMPERATURE AT LUCKNO
Page 26 and 27: SOUTHAMPTON, (62 Years) Ontario. 0
Page 28 and 29: NATURAL VEGETATION Soft Maple, Elm,
Page 30 and 31: P,4RT III THE CLASSIFICATION AND DE
Page 32 and 33: Ao - Accu mulated layer of partiall
Page 34 and 35: 1). Soils Formed from Fine Textured
Page 36 and 37: I. Till Composed of Grey Materials
Page 38 and 39: Agriculture Ao - Thin etc. layer of
Page 40 and 41: A virgin profile, developed under h
Page 42 and 43: Harkaway Silt Loam— Stony Phase (
Page 46 and 47: Parkhill Silt Loam (2,600 acres) Th
Page 48 and 49: potash and nitrogen are necessary t
Page 50 and 51: The soil is fairly well supplied wi
Page 52 and 53: Brookston Silt Loam (2,000 acres) T
Page 54 and 55: ii, Thin layer of partially decompo
Page 56 and 57: A,, - Thin layer of partially decom
Page 58 and 59: The vegetative cover on this Plainf
Page 60 and 61: The characteristic A horizons of th
Page 62 and 63: Brady sandy loam is a smooth very g
Page 64 and 65: Agriculture General farming and dai
Page 66 and 67: The B horizon of the Burford loam r
Page 68 and 69: The topography is smooth very gentl
Page 70 and 71: The clay till or clay usually appea
Page 72 and 73: Developed on stonefree, calcareous,
Page 74 and 75: (ii) lmperfec t Drainage Elderslie
Page 76 and 77: The dark grey surface underlain by
Page 78 and 79: A 0 — A 1 — G 1 — G 2 — C T
Page 80 and 81: Agriculture Most of the mlick soils
Page 82 and 83: PART IV AGRICULTURE AND LAND USE Ea
Page 84 and 85: agriculture in the area. Large acre
Page 86 and 87: TEXTURE looms, silt looms. FIG. I,?
Page 88 and 89: The Donnybrook soils are usually a
Page 90 and 91: Good wheat crops are produced on Te
Page 92 and 93: (h) Imperfect Drainage SOIL TYPE AC
Page 94 and 95:
Adaptability Rating for Bruce Count
Page 96 and 97:
: : : : : .:: : : : : : ii. : :id j
Page 98 and 99:
- - - - - L - F - - I __ I I I -
Page 100 and 101:
TABLE 19 ACRE-YIELDS OF SOME CROPS
Page 102 and 103:
Problem Areas Gully-erosion is ofte
Page 104 and 105:
otations consisting largely of sod
Page 106 and 107:
PART V~ ANALYTICAL DATA Chemical an
Page 108 and 109:
I TABLE 22 (Cont’d) CJJEMJCA I, A
Page 110:
TABLE 23 CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL ANAL
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GUELPH, ONTARIO - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

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