GUELPH, ONTARIO - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
GUELPH, ONTARIO - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada GUELPH, ONTARIO - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
I. Till Composed of Grey Materials (i) Good Drainage Dumfries Loam (11,700 acres) The Dumfries series is the well drained member of the Dumfries catena and is found in the southern part of Carrick Township. The profile exhibits the characteristics of the Grey-Brown Podzolic Great Soil Group. The following is a profile description of Dumfries loam developed under hardwood vegetation: A,, - Thin etc. layer of partially decomposed leaves, twigs, A1 - O-3 inches loam; dark brown (10 YR 4/3); fine granular structure; friable consistency; frequent stones; pH - 6.5. AZ1-- 3-11 inches loam; yellowish brown (10 YR 5/4) ; weak platy Structure; friable consistency; fen stones; pH - 6.3. Azz- - - 11-14 inches loam; pale brown (10 YR 6/3)-; weak platy structure; friable consistency; occasional stones; pH - 6.0. 14-20 inches loam; dark yellowish brown (10 YR 4/4) ; fine nucif orm structure ; friable consistency ; moderately stony; pH - 6.5. 20-27 inches clay loam; dark brown (10 YR 4/3) ; medium nuciform structure; friable consistency; very stony; pH -- 7.0. Stony sandy loam till; light grey (10 YR 7/2); single grain structure; Ioose consist’ency ; calcareous; pH 8.0. The t)opography of Dumfries loam is steeply sloping, the slopes being irregular. Both external and internal drainage are good. However, imperfectly and poorly drained potholes which are too small to be delineated on the map, the scale of which is one inch to the mile, occur, which are included with the well drained member. Stones occurring throughout the profile usually interfere with cult’ivation. The soil is susceptible to sheet erosion which is severe in many sections. Dumfries loam has a medium to low fertility level, being low to very low in phosphorus and medium to low in potash and nitrogen. The organic matter content is medium to low. Most, of the Dumfries loam has been cleared and present forest’ed areas consist of small woodlots. Beech and sugar maple occur most frequent,ly, with basswood, ironwood and elm occurring in lesser amounts. Agriculture Most of the Dumfries loam has been cultivated and is used chiefly for general farming. Cereal grains, legumes, hay and pasture are fairly well adapted to this soil. 36
Stones in the Dumfries profile usually interfere with cultivation. The loamy texture and porous nature of the parent material permit early cultivation. Erosion and the large number of stones occurring throughout the profile are the greatest hazards to cultivation. Since the steep irregular slopes prohibit the use of special conservation practices such as contour plowing, long rotations should be used to prevent erosion. The steeper slopes would be better left under a permanent cover of grass or trees. The type is well supplied with lime and suited to the growing of legumes. This is particularly desirable in areas where cattle are raised for dairying or beef, since large amounts of forage crop materials are needed. This soil requires additions of barnyard manure and fertilizers high in phosphorus and nitrogen. (ii) Imperfect Drainage Killean Loam (100 acres) Killean loam is the imperfectly drained member of the Dumfries catena. It is developed on limestone till materials and is a Grey-Brown Podzolic soil. A commonly occurring Killean loam profile exhibits the following characteristics: 37
- Page 2 and 3: y D. W. HOFFMAN Experimental Farms
- Page 4 and 5: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The Canada Departme
- Page 6 and 7: TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont’d) PART I
- Page 8 and 9: FIG. l-Outline map of Ontario showi
- Page 10 and 11: Information pertaining to land use,
- Page 12 and 13: Population and Racial Origin The to
- Page 14 and 15: PART II FACTORS AFFECTING THE FORMA
- Page 16 and 17: TABLE 2 ANALYSES OF BEDROCK FORMATI
- Page 18 and 19: The soils found on the coarse open
- Page 20 and 21: ‘TOPOGRAPHY I Simple Topography )
- Page 22 and 23: DRAINAGE SYSTEM FIG. 7 --Ott tline
- Page 24 and 25: MONTH TABLE 6 TEMPERATURE AT LUCKNO
- Page 26 and 27: SOUTHAMPTON, (62 Years) Ontario. 0
- Page 28 and 29: NATURAL VEGETATION Soft Maple, Elm,
- Page 30 and 31: P,4RT III THE CLASSIFICATION AND DE
- Page 32 and 33: Ao - Accu mulated layer of partiall
- Page 34 and 35: 1). Soils Formed from Fine Textured
- Page 38 and 39: Agriculture Ao - Thin etc. layer of
- Page 40 and 41: A virgin profile, developed under h
- Page 42 and 43: Harkaway Silt Loam— Stony Phase (
- Page 44 and 45: Wiarton Loam (3,500 acres) The Wiar
- Page 46 and 47: Parkhill Silt Loam (2,600 acres) Th
- Page 48 and 49: potash and nitrogen are necessary t
- Page 50 and 51: The soil is fairly well supplied wi
- Page 52 and 53: Brookston Silt Loam (2,000 acres) T
- Page 54 and 55: ii, Thin layer of partially decompo
- Page 56 and 57: A,, - Thin layer of partially decom
- Page 58 and 59: The vegetative cover on this Plainf
- Page 60 and 61: The characteristic A horizons of th
- Page 62 and 63: Brady sandy loam is a smooth very g
- Page 64 and 65: Agriculture General farming and dai
- Page 66 and 67: The B horizon of the Burford loam r
- Page 68 and 69: The topography is smooth very gentl
- Page 70 and 71: The clay till or clay usually appea
- Page 72 and 73: Developed on stonefree, calcareous,
- Page 74 and 75: (ii) lmperfec t Drainage Elderslie
- Page 76 and 77: The dark grey surface underlain by
- Page 78 and 79: A 0 — A 1 — G 1 — G 2 — C T
- Page 80 and 81: Agriculture Most of the mlick soils
- Page 82 and 83: PART IV AGRICULTURE AND LAND USE Ea
- Page 84 and 85: agriculture in the area. Large acre
Stones in the Dumfries profile usually<br />
interfere with cultivation.<br />
The loamy texture <strong>and</strong> porous nature of the parent material permit early<br />
cultivation. Erosion <strong>and</strong> the large number of stones occurring throughout the<br />
profile are the greatest hazards to cultivation. Since the steep irregular slopes<br />
prohibit the use of special conservation practices such as contour plowing, long<br />
rotations should be used to prevent erosion. The steeper slopes would be<br />
better left under a permanent cover of grass or trees.<br />
The type is well supplied with lime <strong>and</strong> suited to the growing of legumes.<br />
This is particularly desirable in areas where cattle are raised for dairying or<br />
beef, since large amounts of forage crop materials are needed.<br />
This soil requires additions of barnyard manure <strong>and</strong> fertilizers high in<br />
phosphorus <strong>and</strong> nitrogen.<br />
(ii) Imperfect Drainage<br />
Killean Loam (100 acres)<br />
Killean loam is the imperfectly drained member of the Dumfries catena.<br />
It is developed on limestone till materials <strong>and</strong> is a Grey-Brown Podzolic soil.<br />
A commonly occurring Killean loam profile exhibits the following characteristics:<br />
37
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