GUELPH, ONTARIO - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

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Ao - Accu mulated layer of partially from deciduous trees. decomposed litter A1 - Dark grey to very dark grey mineralized layer. G- Brownish grey, mot8tled mineral layer. C- Greyish brown parent material. The Bog soils consist of organic accumulation one to three feet and more in depth. They may differ according to the degree of decomposition of the organic materials from which the soils have developed. The well decomposed dark Bog soils are referred to as “Muck” and the poorly decomposed organic materials as “Peat.” The Bog soils have formed under very poorly drained conditions and frequently occupy depressional areas which receive considerable seepage. The Alluvial soils consist of recently deposited material which has not been in place long enough for definite soil horizons to develop. However, layers differing in texture as a result of periodic flooding, can frequently be observed in the profile of these young alluvial soils. The Dry Sands consist of sandy material of recent deposition which has not been exposed to soil forming processes long enough for profile characteristics to develop. The soils in tlhe group are essentially loose sands with excessive drainage. System of Classification On the basis of their differentiating characteristics soils are grouped into categories which can be described and’ readily recognized. The three categories commonly used in mapping soils are series, type, and phase. . The soil series is a group of soils with genetic horizons similar in differentiating characteristics and arrangement in the soil profile and developed from a particular type of parent material. Except for texture, particularly in the X1 horizon, the physical character and thickness of the horizons do not vary significantly within a series. Such characteristics include colour, structure, organic matter content, reaction, and texture. The soil type is the principal unit of mapping and is most specific in character. The soil type name consists of a series name plus the textural class name derived principally from the texture of the A1 horizon. Although the soil type unit is the most specific unit recognized in mapping soils it should be pointed out that it includes a range of conditions. The profile descriptions presented in the report do not represent a specific location but cover the average conditions most commonly found in the particular area. With mapping done on the scale of one inch to the mile it is often necessary to include small areas of other related soils in a delineated area with t,he dominant mapping unit. The variability within a mapping unit varies in the soil series. The range of characteristics tolerated within a series is discussed under the description of the various series. 32
A phase is a subdivision of a soil type used to show variations from the normal in topography, stoniness or erosion. The soil series developed on similar parent material but differing in profile characteristics due to differences of relief or drainage are tncluded in the soil catena. , KEY TO THE SOILS OF BRUCE COUNTY A. Soils Formed from Coarse Open Calcareous Till k!REAGE I. Till composed of grey materials (i) Good drainage 1. Dumfries loam (G.B.P.). .................................. ... ......... 11,700 (ii) Imperfect drainage 1. Killean loam (G.B.P.). .................................. ............ 100 11. Till composed of yellow-brown materials (i) Good drainage 1. Osprey loam (B.F.-G.B.P.). ...................... ......... 800 % OF TOTAL 1.1 .... .... B. Soils Formed from Medium Textured Calcareous Till (i) Good drainage 1. Harriston loam (G.B.P.). ............................................. 79,900 2. Harriston silt loam (G.B.P.) ................................... 2,000 3. Harkaway silt loam (B.F.-G.B.P.). .............................. 10,100 4. Harkaway silt loam - st,ony phase (B.F.-G.B.P.). .. 43,700 5. Harkaway loam (B.F.-G.B.P.). .............................. 1,700 6. Harkaway loam - stony phase (B.F.-G.B.P.) ......... 3,800 (ii) Imperfect drainage 1. Listowel loam (G.B.P.). ............................................ 16,900 2. Listowel silt loam (G.B.P.). ................................... 6,400 3. Listowel loam - stony phase (G.B.P.). .................... 1.900 4. Wiarton loam (B.F.-G.B.P.). ............................... 3,500 5. Wiarton silt loam (B.F.-G.B.P.). ........................... 1,600 (iii) Poor drainage 1. Parkhill loam (D.G.G.). ............................. ..... ............ 8,400 2. Parkhill silt loam (D.G.G.) ............ ....................... 2,600 7.5 0.2 1.0 4.1 0.1 0.3 1.6 0.6 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.8 0.2 C. Soils Formed from Fine Textured Limestone and Shale Till (i) Good drainage 1. Huron clay loam (G.B.P.). ........................................... 9,600 2. Huron silt loam (G.B.P.). ...................................... ... 4,900 3. Vincent clay loam (B.F.-G.B.P.). .......................... 900 4. Vincent silt loam (B.F.-G.B.P.). .................................. 600 (ii) Imperfect drainage 1. Perth clay loam (G.B.P.). ............................................ 53,300 2. Perth silt loam (G.B.P.). ................................................. 14,600 3. Kemble clay loam (B.F.-G.B.P.). ............................... 1,500 4. Kemble silt loam (B.F.-G.B.P.). .................................. 600 (iii) Poor drainage 1. Brookston clay loam (D.G.G.). ................................... 60,200 2. Brookston silt loam (D.G.G.). .................................... 2,000 0.9 0.4 . . . . . . . . 5.0 1.4 0.1 .
Page 2 and 3: y D. W. HOFFMAN Experimental Farms
Page 4 and 5: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The Canada Departme
Page 6 and 7: TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont’d) PART I
Page 8 and 9: FIG. l-Outline map of Ontario showi
Page 10 and 11: Information pertaining to land use,
Page 12 and 13: Population and Racial Origin The to
Page 14 and 15: PART II FACTORS AFFECTING THE FORMA
Page 16 and 17: TABLE 2 ANALYSES OF BEDROCK FORMATI
Page 18 and 19: The soils found on the coarse open
Page 20 and 21: ‘TOPOGRAPHY I Simple Topography )
Page 22 and 23: DRAINAGE SYSTEM FIG. 7 --Ott tline
Page 24 and 25: MONTH TABLE 6 TEMPERATURE AT LUCKNO
Page 26 and 27: SOUTHAMPTON, (62 Years) Ontario. 0
Page 28 and 29: NATURAL VEGETATION Soft Maple, Elm,
Page 30 and 31: P,4RT III THE CLASSIFICATION AND DE
Page 34 and 35: 1). Soils Formed from Fine Textured
Page 36 and 37: I. Till Composed of Grey Materials
Page 38 and 39: Agriculture Ao - Thin etc. layer of
Page 40 and 41: A virgin profile, developed under h
Page 42 and 43: Harkaway Silt Loam— Stony Phase (
Page 44 and 45: Wiarton Loam (3,500 acres) The Wiar
Page 46 and 47: Parkhill Silt Loam (2,600 acres) Th
Page 48 and 49: potash and nitrogen are necessary t
Page 50 and 51: The soil is fairly well supplied wi
Page 52 and 53: Brookston Silt Loam (2,000 acres) T
Page 54 and 55: ii, Thin layer of partially decompo
Page 56 and 57: A,, - Thin layer of partially decom
Page 58 and 59: The vegetative cover on this Plainf
Page 60 and 61: The characteristic A horizons of th
Page 62 and 63: Brady sandy loam is a smooth very g
Page 64 and 65: Agriculture General farming and dai
Page 66 and 67: The B horizon of the Burford loam r
Page 68 and 69: The topography is smooth very gentl
Page 70 and 71: The clay till or clay usually appea
Page 72 and 73: Developed on stonefree, calcareous,
Page 74 and 75: (ii) lmperfec t Drainage Elderslie
Page 76 and 77: The dark grey surface underlain by
Page 78 and 79: A 0 — A 1 — G 1 — G 2 — C T
Page 80 and 81: Agriculture Most of the mlick soils
Page 82 and 83:
PART IV AGRICULTURE AND LAND USE Ea
Page 84 and 85:
agriculture in the area. Large acre
Page 86 and 87:
TEXTURE looms, silt looms. FIG. I,?
Page 88 and 89:
The Donnybrook soils are usually a
Page 90 and 91:
Good wheat crops are produced on Te
Page 92 and 93:
(h) Imperfect Drainage SOIL TYPE AC
Page 94 and 95:
Adaptability Rating for Bruce Count
Page 96 and 97:
: : : : : .:: : : : : : ii. : :id j
Page 98 and 99:
- - - - - L - F - - I __ I I I -
Page 100 and 101:
TABLE 19 ACRE-YIELDS OF SOME CROPS
Page 102 and 103:
Problem Areas Gully-erosion is ofte
Page 104 and 105:
otations consisting largely of sod
Page 106 and 107:
PART V~ ANALYTICAL DATA Chemical an
Page 108 and 109:
I TABLE 22 (Cont’d) CJJEMJCA I, A
Page 110:
TABLE 23 CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL ANAL
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GUELPH, ONTARIO - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

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