GUELPH, ONTARIO - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

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PART II FACTORS AFFECTING THE FORMATION OF BRUCE COUNTY SOILS Soils are natural bodies found at the surface of the earth in which plants grow, and are the products of the environmental conditions under which they have developed. Soil development processes are dependent upon a number of factors which include climate, vegetation, soil materials, relief, and age. Soil Materials Soils develop from the materials found at the surface of the earth and their characteristics are influenced to a large extent by the nature of these materials. Disintegrated rock particles constittite the soil skeleton. The chemical and physical composition of the mineral parent material influence profile development, and the movement of soil water within the profile affects the amount of leaching to which the soil is subjected. As shown in Figure 4, limestone formations occur in the County in long relatively narrow belts trending nearly north and south. On the Bruce peninsula rock outcrops are a frequent occurrence, but in other parts of the County they are rather infrequent owing to the depth of the unconsolidated cover of drift. The uppermost bedrock in the area southwest of Walkerton is fine grained limestone, magnesium limestone and dolomit,e ranging in colour from grey to brown and belonging to the Norfolk formation. The brownish rock commonly has dark brown to black bituminous st,reaks parallel to the bedding planes and the grey or thicker bedded strata may have thin shaly partings along some of the bedding planes. Next to this formation is a narrow band of the Bertie-Akron formation running through Walkerton to Southampton which consists of brown to grey finely crystalline to dense dolomite and dolomitic limestone. The Salina formation occurs next to the Bertie-Akron series underlying the soil in Saugeen, Arran and Elderslie Townships. This formation exhibits alternate grey and brown zones. The brown consists of fine-grained to dense dolomite and the grey varies from argillaceous dolomite to dolomitic shale. The Guelph and Lockport formations occupy most of the Bruce Peninsula, the Guelph formation being situated in the westerly part of the Peninsula. These formations consist of fine-grained, crystalline, and granular dolomite which is buff or brownish grey in the upper part becoming grey to almost white at the base. A narrow streak of the Medina formation occurs along the easterly side of the Bruce Peninsula. Although this formation is made up of three members, the Manitoulin member is the principal member found on the Peninsula. The rock is grey to blue-grey, medium to fine-grained, thinly bedded, compact and semi-crystalline. The weathered surface is usually stained and rough, due apparently to the rock being composed of layers of unequal hardness. The Queenston formation occurs on Cape Croker and is typically a brick-red, argillaceous and sandy shale with many green bands and mottlings. Analyses of the Bruce County bedrock formations are presented in Table 2. 14
BEDROCK GEOLOGY FlG. 4:Outline map showing bedrock geology. 15
Page 2 and 3: y D. W. HOFFMAN Experimental Farms
Page 4 and 5: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The Canada Departme
Page 6 and 7: TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont’d) PART I
Page 8 and 9: FIG. l-Outline map of Ontario showi
Page 10 and 11: Information pertaining to land use,
Page 12 and 13: Population and Racial Origin The to
Page 16 and 17: TABLE 2 ANALYSES OF BEDROCK FORMATI
Page 18 and 19: The soils found on the coarse open
Page 20 and 21: ‘TOPOGRAPHY I Simple Topography )
Page 22 and 23: DRAINAGE SYSTEM FIG. 7 --Ott tline
Page 24 and 25: MONTH TABLE 6 TEMPERATURE AT LUCKNO
Page 26 and 27: SOUTHAMPTON, (62 Years) Ontario. 0
Page 28 and 29: NATURAL VEGETATION Soft Maple, Elm,
Page 30 and 31: P,4RT III THE CLASSIFICATION AND DE
Page 32 and 33: Ao - Accu mulated layer of partiall
Page 34 and 35: 1). Soils Formed from Fine Textured
Page 36 and 37: I. Till Composed of Grey Materials
Page 38 and 39: Agriculture Ao - Thin etc. layer of
Page 40 and 41: A virgin profile, developed under h
Page 42 and 43: Harkaway Silt Loam— Stony Phase (
Page 44 and 45: Wiarton Loam (3,500 acres) The Wiar
Page 46 and 47: Parkhill Silt Loam (2,600 acres) Th
Page 48 and 49: potash and nitrogen are necessary t
Page 50 and 51: The soil is fairly well supplied wi
Page 52 and 53: Brookston Silt Loam (2,000 acres) T
Page 54 and 55: ii, Thin layer of partially decompo
Page 56 and 57: A,, - Thin layer of partially decom
Page 58 and 59: The vegetative cover on this Plainf
Page 60 and 61: The characteristic A horizons of th
Page 62 and 63: Brady sandy loam is a smooth very g
Page 64 and 65:
Agriculture General farming and dai
Page 66 and 67:
The B horizon of the Burford loam r
Page 68 and 69:
The topography is smooth very gentl
Page 70 and 71:
The clay till or clay usually appea
Page 72 and 73:
Developed on stonefree, calcareous,
Page 74 and 75:
(ii) lmperfec t Drainage Elderslie
Page 76 and 77:
The dark grey surface underlain by
Page 78 and 79:
A 0 — A 1 — G 1 — G 2 — C T
Page 80 and 81:
Agriculture Most of the mlick soils
Page 82 and 83:
PART IV AGRICULTURE AND LAND USE Ea
Page 84 and 85:
agriculture in the area. Large acre
Page 86 and 87:
TEXTURE looms, silt looms. FIG. I,?
Page 88 and 89:
The Donnybrook soils are usually a
Page 90 and 91:
Good wheat crops are produced on Te
Page 92 and 93:
(h) Imperfect Drainage SOIL TYPE AC
Page 94 and 95:
Adaptability Rating for Bruce Count
Page 96 and 97:
: : : : : .:: : : : : : ii. : :id j
Page 98 and 99:
- - - - - L - F - - I __ I I I -
Page 100 and 101:
TABLE 19 ACRE-YIELDS OF SOME CROPS
Page 102 and 103:
Problem Areas Gully-erosion is ofte
Page 104 and 105:
otations consisting largely of sod
Page 106 and 107:
PART V~ ANALYTICAL DATA Chemical an
Page 108 and 109:
I TABLE 22 (Cont’d) CJJEMJCA I, A
Page 110:
TABLE 23 CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL ANAL
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GUELPH, ONTARIO - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

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