GUELPH, ONTARIO - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

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otations consisting largely of sod crops. Stones interfering with cultivation should be removed. Fertility Fertility maintenance is necessary to keep the soils in a productive state. Although the soils in the areas shown in Fig. 14 are not low in fertility, additions of fertilizers and manure are needed to maintain the plant nutrient levels. Fertility and Erosion Problems in fertility maintenance and erosion prevention occur on soils having steeply sloping topography and a sandy loam surface texture. Keeping the land under sod for as long a proportion of time as possible will control erosion. Sandy textured soils are low in phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen, which can be supplied by commercial fertilizers. Manure is also required to maintain the organic matter level of these soils. Drainage The areas of good, imperfect, poor, very poor and variable drainage are delineated in Fig.. 15. Soil drainage depends on the rate of water percolation through the soil and the rate of surface run-off. Water percolation and surface run-off are closely related to texture, topography, and permeability of soil horizons. TABLE 20 Drainage of Bruce County Soils DRAINAGE CLASS ACREAGE 'jO 0F TOTAL Good.. ...................... ................. ...... ............................ 353,200 32.8 Imperfect .... ... ....... ................................ ................ 229,600 21.2 Poor.. ................ ................................... ..................... 130,500 11.7 Very poor. .................. ................ ............................ 68,400 6.4 Variable.. ......... ....... ......... ..................... ............... 274,300 25.9 Fertility and Drainage Problems in fertility maintenance and drainage improvement occur on t’he imperfectly and poorly drained, low fertility sandy loams. Where drainage is improved, fertility should be maintained by the use of fertilizers high in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Barnyard manure is needed to maintain the organic matter content of the soils. Submarginal -in important phase of soil and water conservation involves the establishnrcntl of practical methods for the use of submarginal lands. When this land occurs with relative infrequency between productive fields it is planted to grass, legumes, shrubs, vines or trees in such a manner as to control erosion and act as a water reservoir. Where possible, it should provide the owner with a supplementary income. 104
A much more difficult laid utilization problem is presented in those regions where submarginal land occurs in such large blocks that t,hey cannot be operated profitably under individual ownership. Where such areas occur they could be purchased by some public welfare interest. t It is suggested that the large and small areas of submarginal land occurring’ in Bruce County could best be used for recreational or reforestation purposes. TABLE 21 ACREAGES OF PROBLEM AREAS IN BRUCE COUNTY PROBLEMS ACREAGE yO OF TOTAL Erosion .,........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .._............................. 150,800 13.9 Erosion and stoniness... . . . . . . . . _. . . . . . . . 60,000 5.5 Fertilit,y . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,300 6.0 Fertility and erosion. . . . . . . . . . , . ,.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78,100 7.7 Drainage.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298,400 25.5 Fertility and drainage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60,900 5.5 Submarginal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344,200 32.4 105
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y D. W. HOFFMAN Experimental Farms
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The Canada Departme
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont’d) PART I
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FIG. l-Outline map of Ontario showi
Page 10 and 11:
Information pertaining to land use,
Page 12 and 13:
Population and Racial Origin The to
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PART II FACTORS AFFECTING THE FORMA
Page 16 and 17:
TABLE 2 ANALYSES OF BEDROCK FORMATI
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The soils found on the coarse open
Page 20 and 21:
‘TOPOGRAPHY I Simple Topography )
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DRAINAGE SYSTEM FIG. 7 --Ott tline
Page 24 and 25:
MONTH TABLE 6 TEMPERATURE AT LUCKNO
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SOUTHAMPTON, (62 Years) Ontario. 0
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NATURAL VEGETATION Soft Maple, Elm,
Page 30 and 31:
P,4RT III THE CLASSIFICATION AND DE
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Ao - Accu mulated layer of partiall
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1). Soils Formed from Fine Textured
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I. Till Composed of Grey Materials
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Agriculture Ao - Thin etc. layer of
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A virgin profile, developed under h
Page 42 and 43:
Harkaway Silt Loam— Stony Phase (
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Wiarton Loam (3,500 acres) The Wiar
Page 46 and 47:
Parkhill Silt Loam (2,600 acres) Th
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potash and nitrogen are necessary t
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The soil is fairly well supplied wi
Page 52 and 53:
Brookston Silt Loam (2,000 acres) T
Page 54 and 55: ii, Thin layer of partially decompo
Page 56 and 57: A,, - Thin layer of partially decom
Page 58 and 59: The vegetative cover on this Plainf
Page 60 and 61: The characteristic A horizons of th
Page 62 and 63: Brady sandy loam is a smooth very g
Page 64 and 65: Agriculture General farming and dai
Page 66 and 67: The B horizon of the Burford loam r
Page 68 and 69: The topography is smooth very gentl
Page 70 and 71: The clay till or clay usually appea
Page 72 and 73: Developed on stonefree, calcareous,
Page 74 and 75: (ii) lmperfec t Drainage Elderslie
Page 76 and 77: The dark grey surface underlain by
Page 78 and 79: A 0 — A 1 — G 1 — G 2 — C T
Page 80 and 81: Agriculture Most of the mlick soils
Page 82 and 83: PART IV AGRICULTURE AND LAND USE Ea
Page 84 and 85: agriculture in the area. Large acre
Page 86 and 87: TEXTURE looms, silt looms. FIG. I,?
Page 88 and 89: The Donnybrook soils are usually a
Page 90 and 91: Good wheat crops are produced on Te
Page 92 and 93: (h) Imperfect Drainage SOIL TYPE AC
Page 94 and 95: Adaptability Rating for Bruce Count
Page 96 and 97: : : : : : .:: : : : : : ii. : :id j
Page 98 and 99: - - - - - L - F - - I __ I I I -
Page 100 and 101: TABLE 19 ACRE-YIELDS OF SOME CROPS
Page 102 and 103: Problem Areas Gully-erosion is ofte
Page 106 and 107: PART V~ ANALYTICAL DATA Chemical an
Page 108 and 109: I TABLE 22 (Cont’d) CJJEMJCA I, A
Page 110: TABLE 23 CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL ANAL
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