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Contents Preface xiii 1 Encyclopedia of Carbon Nanoforms 1 Irene Suarez-Martinez, Nicole Grobert, and Christopher P. Ewels 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Graphene 5 1.2.1 The Structure of Graphene 5 1.2.2 Synthesis Methods for Graphene 6 1.2.3 Terminology 6 1.2.4 Graphene-Related Forms: Graphene Nanowalls and Graphene Nanoribbons 7 1.2.5 Applications of Graphene 8 1.3 Carbon Nanotubes 9 1.3.1 The Structure of Carbon Nanotubes 10 1.3.2 Synthesis Methods for Carbon Nanotubes 14 1.3.3 Applications of Carbon Nanotubes 14 1.4 Carbon Nanoscrolls 16 1.4.1 The Structure of CNSs 17 1.4.2 Synthesis Method for CNSs 18 1.4.3 Applications of CNSs 20 1.5 Carbon Nanocones 20 1.5.1 The Structure of Carbon Nanocones 21 1.5.2 Terminology 22 1.5.3 Synthesis of Carbon Nanocones 24 1.6 Applications of Carbon Nanocones 24 1.7 “Bamboo” Nanotubes 25 1.7.1 Synthesis of Bamboo Nanotubes 25 1.7.2 Applications of Bamboo Nanotubes 26
vi Contents 1.8 “Herringbone” Nanotubes 27 1.8.1 The Structure of Herringbone Nanotubes and Nanofibers 27 1.8.2 Herringbone Synthesis 29 1.8.3 Herringbone Applications 29 1.9 Helical Nanotubes 30 1.9.1 Synthesis of Helical Nanotubes 31 1.9.2 Topology of Helical Nanotubes 32 1.9.3 Applications of Helical Nanotubes 33 1.10 “Necklace” Tubes/Nanobells 33 1.11 Fullerenes 35 1.11.1 Fullerene Synthesis 37 1.11.2 Fullerene Chemistry 38 1.11.3 Fullerene Applications 38 1.11.4 Ultra-Hard Fullerites 39 1.12 Onions 39 1.13 Nanotori and Circular Nanotube Bundles 43 1.14 Hybrid Nanoforms 45 1.14.1 Hybrid Forms Based on Filling (Peapods etc.) 46 1.15 Hybrid Forms Based on Surface Interaction 48 1.16 Other Molecular Forms 49 1.17 Non-Hexagon-Based SP 2 Carbon Nanoforms 50 1.17.1 Schwarzites: Heptagon (and Above)-Hexagon Networks 50 1.17.2 Haeckelites: Pentagon–(Hexagon)– Heptagon Networks 51 1.18 Conclusions 52 2 Surfaces and Thin Films of Fullerenes 67 Roberto Macovez and Petra Rudolf 2.1 Introduction 68 2.2 Preparation of Fullerene Thin Films 70 2.3 Monolayer Systems 72 2.4 Properties of Multilayer and Thick C 60 Films 76 2.4.1 Electronic States 76 2.4.2 Molecular Orientations and Surface Morphology 81
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Page 9 and 10: viii Contents 4.4.4 Alignment 175 4
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Page 14 and 15: Preface A promising class of nanost

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