australia's identified mineral resources 2005 - Geoscience Australia

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AUSTRALIA’S IDENTIFIED MINERAL RESOURCES 2005 Contents Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 Trends in Australia’s Economic Demonstrated Resources of major mineral commodities . . . . . . . . .10 COMMODITY REVIEWS Bauxite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 Black coal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19 Brown coal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25 Copper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26 Diamond . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29 Gold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31 Iron ore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39 Lithium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44 Magnesite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45 Manganese ore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46 Mineral sands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48 Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52 Niobium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60 Phosphate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60 Shale oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61 Tantalum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62 Tin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63 Uranium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65 Vanadium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70 Zinc, lead, silver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71 PRODUCTION AND RESOURCE LIFE Production and resource life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75 EXPLORATION Expenditure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78 Exploration drilling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82 World exploration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82 Short-term outlook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83 Offshore mineral exploration in Commonwealth waters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84 APPENDICES Appendix 1: Abbreviations and acronyms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85 Appendix 2: National classification system for identified mineral resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86 Appendix 3: Staff – Mineral Resources and Advice and Minerals Promotion Projects . . . . . . . . . . .90 4
AUSTRALIA’S IDENTIFIED MINERAL RESOURCES 2005 TABLES Table 1: Australia’s resources of major minerals and world figures as at December 2004 Table 2: Australian gold production 2000 to 2004 Table 3: Correlation of resource classification schemes for uranium Table 4: Australian production and exports of selected mineral products 2004 Table 5: Australian mineral exploration expenditure by commodity, 2003 and 2004 (Source ABS) Table 6: Australian mineral exploration expenditure by State, 2003 and 2004 (Source ABS) FIGURES Figure 1: Trends in Economic Demonstrated Resources (EDR) for major commodities since 1975 Figure 2: Australian mineral exploration expenditures by commodity in constant 2003–04 dollars (Based on ABS data deflated by Consumer Price Index series) Figure 3: Australian mineral exploration expenditures, excluding gold and base metals, in constant 2003–04 dollars (Based on ABS data deflated by Consumer Price Index series) Figure 4: Australian mineral exploration spending by commodity (Source ABS) Figure 5: Australian mineral exploration spending by State (Source ABS) Figure 6: Australian mineral exploration expenditures by State in constant 2003–04 dollars (Based on ABS data deflated by Consumer Price Index series) Figure 7: Distribution of world non-ferrous mineral exploration budgets, 2004 (Source Metals Economics Group) PHOTOGRAPHS Front cover: Iron ore train from West Angeles mine, Western Australia (Pilbara Iron Pty Ltd) Commodity Review cover: Headframe at the Osborne underground mine, Queensland (Placer Dome Inc.) Photo 3: Moorvale coal mine, Bowen Basin, Queensland (Macarthur Coal Ltd) Photo 4: Hay Point and Dalrymple Bay coal export terminals, Queensland (Prime Infrastructure Management Ltd) Photo 5: Underground blast-hole drilling, Golden Grove mine, Western Australia (Newmont Australia Ltd) Photo 6: Australia’s largest diamond weighing 104.73 carats recovered from the Gareth pipe, Merlin (NT) and valued at US$525 000 in 2002 (Striker Resources NL) Photo 7: Mine portal (centre) and surface facilities Cracow gold mine, Queensland (Sedimentary Holdings Ltd) Photo 8: Gold ore stockpile at Kanowna Belle mine, Western Australia (Placer Dome Inc.) Photo 9: Iron ore stockpiles at East Intercourse Island, Western Australia (Pilbara Iron Pty Ltd) Photo 10: Crushing plant at Tallering Peak iron ore mine northeast of Geraldton, Western Australia (Mount Gibson Iron Ltd) Photo 11: Road train transportation of manganese ore from Woodie Woodie mine, Western Australia (Consolidated Minerals Ltd) Photo 12: Exploration for mineral sands in the Eucla Basin, South Australia (Iluka Resources Ltd) Photo 13: Nickel briquettes at the Kwinana nickel refinery, Western Australia (WMC Resources Ltd) Photo 14: Sally Malay open cut nickel mine, Western Australia (Sally Malay Mining Ltd) Photo 15: Beverley’s uranium extraction plant and main trunklines (pipelines), which carry solutions from the wellfield to the plant (Heathgate Resources Pty Ltd) Photo 16: Drums of Beverley’s uranium oxide concentrates being loaded into shipping containers ready for export (Heathgate Resources Pty Ltd) Photo 17: Wellfield at Beverley in situ leach uranium mine, South Australia (Heathgate Resources Pty Ltd) Production and Resource Life cover: Uranium extraction plant using ion exchange technology at Beverley mine, South Australia (Heathgate Resources Pty Ltd) Exploration cover: Exploration drilling south of the Beverley mine, South Australia (Heathgate Resources Pty Ltd) 5
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