APUSH Unit 12 Reading Guide

Rocky Mountain High School
Advanced Placement United States History
Homework/Review guide
Unit 12: The Second Industrial Revolution
(1865-1900)
Bailey Chapter 24-25
Major Themes
The Second Industrial Revolution (1865-1900)
1. Transformation of the economy in the late 19 th Century: Inventions, advent of heavy
industry, and consolidation of large-scale industry
2. A Changing Society
a. Immigration: its sources, motives, and consequences
b. Education: its role in advancing literacy and a national culture
c. Urbanization and its social and cultural effects
d. Labor: changes in the workplace and rise of the union movement
3. The Modernization of Agriculture
a. Mechanization and increased farm productivity
b. The disruptive effects of modernization on farm families and communities
c. The plight of many farmers and the rise of the Populist movement
4. The development of the Trans-Mississippi West
a. The Homestead Act of 1862 and expanded migration to the Plains
b. The “Indian Wars” and Reservation system
c. Development of the western ranching and mining frontiers
5. Politics in the Gilded Age
a. Corruption
b. Urban “bossism” and mass politics
c. The rise of the civil service system
Essential Questions
1. Analyze the extent to which U.S. Grant was a good candidate for President in 1868.
2. Analyze the extent to which the Civil War led to political scandals of the Gilded Age.
3. Analyze the extent to which Grant allowed the major scandals of his first
administration to happen.
4. Analyze the extent to which the election of 1872 cleaned up politics.

5. Analyze the extent to which the Panic of 1873 was caused by the scandal and
corruption of the Grant administration.
6. Analyze the extent to which ethnic and cultural differences led to the partisan nature of
politics during the Gilded Age.
7. Analyze the extent to which the election of 1876 marked a return to the “Old South” of
antebellum days.
8. Analyze the extent to which economic rivalry was the cause of racial tension between
immigrant groups in California during the 1870’s.
9. Analyze the extent to which Garfield created a bridge between the Stalwarts and the
Half-breeds in the election of 1880.
10. Analyze the extent to which president Arthur spurned both the Stalwarts and Halfbreeds
when he came to office in 1881.
11. Analyze the extent to which the debauched election of 1884 underscored the need for
reform in the political party system.
12. Analyze the extent to which the first Cleveland administration was influenced by
outside lobby groups.
13. Analyze the extent to which William Harrison’s presidency dealt with the pressing
political issues of the day.
14. Analyze the extent to which the railroads of the post-Civil War period drove the
corruption and scandals of the time.
15. Analyze the extent to which railroads impacted the political, economic and social life
of America after the Civil War.
16. Analyze the extent to which organized agrarian groups led to railroad reform at a
federal level by 1890.
17. Analyze the extent to which inventions and immigrations combined to create a strong
nation after the Civil War.
18. Analyze the extent to which trusts controlled the economy during the Gilded Age.
19. Analyze the extent to which anti-trust legislation was an attempt by lawmakers to
quiet public criticism.
20. Analyze the extent to which the Bonsack cigarette-making machine in 1881 brought
the South back from economic ruin after the Civil War.
21. Analyze the extent to which the rise of industry impacted social groups (migrants,
immigrants, women, blacks, farmers) in the United States.
22. Analyze the extent to which major labor unions (NLU, Knights of Labor, AF of L)
after the Civil War impacted the lives of workers in the United States.

A. Why Grant?
RMHS APUSH Reading Guide
Unit 12
Chapter 24
The “Bloody Shirt” Elects Grant
24.1
B. Republican platform, 1868
C. Democratic platform, 1868
D. Results
RMHS APUSH Reading Guide
Unit 12
Chapter 24
The Era of Good Stealings
24.2
A. Physical vs. Moral Stature
B. Political Atmosphere
C. Fisk & Gould
D. Tweed Ring
E. Bringing Tweed down

RMHS APUSH Reading Guide
Unit 12
Chapter 24
A Carnival of Corruption
A. Why scandal with Grant?
24.3
B. Credit Mobilier
C. Whiskey Ring
D. Belknap Scandal
RMHS APUSH Reading Guide
Unit 12
Chapter 24
A Liberal Republican Revolt of 1872
24.4
A. Disgust with “Grantism”
B. Liberal Republicans, Democrats, Greeley & “Crow”
C. Mud-slinging
D. Liberal Reps legacy

RMHS APUSH Reading Guide
Unit 12
Chapter 24
Depression and Demands for Inflation
24.5
A. Panic of 1873 (causes)
B. Jay Cooke & Co.
C. Impact on Blacks
D. Debtors
E. Hard-money, Cheap-money, Soft-money, and Greenbacks
F. Resumption Act, 1875

RMHS APUSH Reading Guide
Unit 12
Chapter 24
Pallid Politics in the Gilded Age
24.6
A. So many voters, so few choices
B. Ethnic and Cultural Differences
C. GAR
D. Solid South
E. Stalwarts vs. Half Breeds
RMHS APUSH Reading Guide
Unit 12
Chapter 24
The Hayes-Tilden Standoff
24.7
A. The end of Grant and on into the “Great Unknown” (Hayes)
B. Ohio
C. Democrats & Tilden
D. Irregular returns

RMHS APUSH Reading Guide
Unit 12
Chapter 24
The Compromise of 1877
24.8
A. Electoral Count Act
B. 8-7 Electoral Commission
C. Compromise of 1877
D. Peace at a price
E. Civil Rights Cases, 1883
F. The End of Reconstruction
G. Economic Dependence for Blacks
H. Plessy v. Furguson, 1896

RMHS APUSH Reading Guide
Unit 12
Chapter 24
Class Conflicts and Ethnic Clashes
24.9
A. Cause of Tensions
B. Failure of the Great Railroad strike
C. Asian Immigrants
D. Kearneyites
E. Restrictions on immigration, 1879, 1882
RMHS APUSH Reading Guide
Unit 12
Chapter 24
Cold Water gets the Cold Shoulder
24.10
A. Lackluster Hayes Administration

RMHS APUSH Reading Guide
Unit 12
Chapter 24
The Garfield Interlude
24.11
A. Election of 1880
B. Dark Horse Garfield
C. “What are we here for except for offices?!”
D. Democrats
E. Issues
F. Results
G. Garfield Assassination
H. Garfield’s greatest service

RMHS APUSH Reading Guide
Unit 12
Chapter 24
Chester Arthur Takes Command
24.12
A. Arthur a “spoils” man?
B. Civil Service reform
C. Pendleton Act, 1883
D. “Classified” Offices
E. Into a “Marriage of Convenience” with big Business

RMHS APUSH Reading Guide
Unit 12
Chapter 24
The Blaine-Cleveland Mudslingers of 1884
24.13
A. Who was Blaine?
B. Mulligan Letters
C. Mugwumps
D. Democrats / Cleveland
E. A sex scandal (ohhh!) or “where’s my pa?!”
F. Blaine’s blunder (the 3 r’s)
G. Result (popular / electoral)

RMHS APUSH Reading Guide
Unit 12
Chapter 24
Old Grover Takes Over
24.14
A. Who was Cleveland?
B. “As tactless as a mirror and as direct as a bulldozer”
C. Closing the chasm
D. Civil Service
E. Standing up to the GAR
A. Why high?
RMHS APUSH Reading Guide
Unit 12
Chapter 24
Cleveland Battles for a Lower Tariff
24.15
B. Surplus
C. Squander or lower
D. Result of Cleveland’s policy

RMHS APUSH Reading Guide
Unit 12
Chapter 24
Harrison Ousts Cleveland in 88
24.16
A. Republican nomination
B. Mudslinging and the tariff (what’s in a ward?)
C. British blundering
D. Floating voters
E. Results
F. Cleveland’s first term “legacy”
G. “Forgettable, that’s what you are…”

RMHS APUSH Reading Guide
Unit 12
Chapter 25
The Iron Colt Becomes an Iron Horse
25.1
A. Growth of railways
B. Why does the Government help?
C. Pattern of Land Grants / Abuse
D. Government Benefits
E. Frontier villages to flourishing Cities

RMHS APUSH Reading Guide
Unit 12
Chapter 25
Spanning the Continental Rails
25.2
A. Union Pacific Railroad
B. Loans, Grants, and the end of the Civil War
C. Credit Mobilier
D. Construction and “Paddys”
E. Central Pacific Railroad
F. Big Four
G. Chinese Labor
H. A “Wedding of the Rails”
I. Impact

RMHS APUSH Reading Guide
Unit 12
Chapter 25
Binding the Country with Railroad Ties
25.3
A. Other lines
B. How many by 1893?
C. “From nowhere to nothing”
RMHS APUSH Reading Guide
Unit 12
Chapter 25
Railroad Consolidation
25.4
A. Updating the Eastern lines (C. Vanderbilt)
B. Two improvements
C. Airbrakes & Palace Cars

RMHS APUSH Reading Guide
Unit 12
Chapter 25
Revolution by Railways
25.5
A. Impact of Railroads on society
B. Spurring Industrialization
C. Impact on Mining & Agriculture
D. Urbanization & the RR
E. Immigration & the RR
F. RR & the Land
G. Standard Time
H. RR & $$$

A. Corruption
RMHS APUSH Reading Guide
Unit 12
Chapter 25
Wrongdoing in Railroading
25.6
B. Stock watering
C. “The public be damned!”
D. Business rules politics
E. “Industrial Monarchs”
F. “Pools”

RMHS APUSH Reading Guide
Unit 12
Chapter 25
Government Bridles the Iron Horse
25.7
A. Why slow with “economic injustice”
B. Farmers form Grange
C. Wabash Case
D. Interstate Commerce Act, 1887
E. Don’t destroy the Commission; utilize it!
F. Impact of ICA?

RMHS APUSH Reading Guide
Unit 12
Chapter 25
Miracles of Mechanization
25.8
A. From fourth to first
B. Creating fortunes
C. Coal, oil, & iron
D. Immigration
E. American ingenuity
F. Bell & Edison
RMHS APUSH Reading Guide
Unit 12
Chapter 25
The Trust Titan Emerges
25.9
A. Getting around competition (Carnegie, Rockefeller, Morgan)
B. Vertical Integration
C. Horizontal Integration
D. Interlocking Directorates

A. Steel is King
RMHS APUSH Reading Guide
Unit 12
Chapter 25
The Supremacy of Steel
25.10
B. Bessemer - Kelly Process
C. Natural resources
RMHS APUSH Reading Guide
Unit 12
Chapter 25
Carnegie and the Other Sultans of Steel
25.11
A. “Napoleon of the Smokestacks” (Andrew Carngie)
B. “Jupiter” Morgan (J. Pierpont Morgan)
C. “Clash of the Titans”
D. Philanthropy & USS

RMHS APUSH Reading Guide
Unit 12
Chapter 25
Rockefeller Grows an American Beauty Rose
25.12
A. Origins of the Oil Industry
B. Whale Oil à Kerosene à Light Bulb
C. Impact of Auto
D. Rockefeller Bio
E. “Rule or Ruin”
F. “American Beauty Rose”
G. The “good” side of Trusts
H. The “new rich”

RMHS APUSH Reading Guide
Unit 12
Chapter 25
The Gospel of Wealth
25.13
A. “the good Lord gave me my money”
B. Social Darwinism
C. Contempt for the poor
D. Plutocracy
E. Abuse of the 14 th Amendment
RMHS APUSH Reading Guide
Unit 12
Chapter 25
Government Tackles the Evil Trust
25.14
A. Sherman Anti-Trust Act, 1890
B. “Bigness not badness”
C. Abuse of new law
D. Private greed à public need

RMHS APUSH Reading Guide
Unit 12
Chapter 25
The South in the Age of Industry
25.15
A. Situation in the South by 1900
B. The cancer-stick cotton gin
C. Grady & the “Georgia Yankees”
D. Pittsburgh Plus
E. Southern Cotton Mills
F. Maintaining & creating poverty
G. From the hills to the mills

RMHS APUSH Reading Guide
Unit 12
Chapter 25
The Impact of the New Industrial Revolution
25.16
A. Economic Miracles
B. From agriculture to manufacturing
C. Changing ways of life
D. Effect on Women
E. Gibson Girl
F. Class division
G. A nation of wage earners
H. Onto an economic world stage

RMHS APUSH Reading Guide
Unit 12
Chapter 25
In Unions There is Strength
25.17
A. A cog in the wheel of industry
B. Machines replace workers
C. Individual workers powerless
D. Corporation arsenal
E. Strikes & Socialism
RMHS APUSH Reading Guide
Unit 12
Chapter 25
Labor Limps Along
25.18
A. The Civil War and Labor
B. NLU
C. Knights of Labor

RMHS APUSH Reading Guide
Unit 12
Chapter 25
Unhorsing the Knights of Labor
25.19
A. May Day Demonstrations & Haymarket Square
B. Anarchists & Fear
C. Skilled vs. Unskilled Worker tensions
A. Sam Gompers
RMHS APUSH Reading Guide
Unit 12
Chapter 25
The AF of L to the Fore
25.20
B. A Federation
C. Pure & simple unionism
D. Only skilled workers
E. Strength in numbers
F. Labor Day (1894)