Decreasing the Burden of Childhood Disease - Western Cape ...

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Figure 2: Age distribution of deaths, Western Cape, 2000. 3 3 Bradshaw, Nannan et al. Estimates of Provincial Mortality 2000. Western Cape Province. SA Burden of Disease Study, MRC. 5
As can be seen from the above bar chart the great majority of child deaths occur in infancy (under one year of age) and in the young child (1- 4 years of age) age group. Moreover under five deaths account for a significant percentage of all deaths. They are due mainly to communicable diseases and malnutrition. HIV/AIDS, diarrhoea, lower respiratory infections, under nutrition and perinatal problems (low birth weight, neonatal infections, perinatal asphyxia and birth trauma) account for more than 3 quarters of under-5 deaths in South Africa, as shown in Table 1 below. In addition to deaths directly attributable to under nutrition, malnutrition plays an important synergistic role in diarrhoea and respiratory infections. Table 1: The top 20 causes of death in South African children under 5 years old in 2000 iv Rank Cause of death No. of Percentage of Deaths total 1 HIV/AIDS 42749 40.3 2 Low birth weight 11876 11.2 3 Diarrhoeal diseases 10786 10.2 4 Lower respiratory infections 6110 5.8 5 Protein-energy malnutrition 4564 4.3 6 Neonatal infections 2920 2.8 7 Birth asphyxia & trauma 2584 2.4 8 Congenital heart disease 1238 1.2 9 Road carnage 1219 1.1 10 Bacterial meningitis 1141 1.1 11 Fires 1102 1.0 12 Neural tube defects 1019 1.0 13 Septicaemia 980 0.9 14 Tuberculosis 743 0.7 15 Homicide violence 654 0.6 16 Drowning 532 0.5 17 Cot death 491 0.5 18 Chromosomal disorders 445 0.4 19 Congenital GIT disorders 379 0.4 20 Congenital syphilis 257 0.2 Most of these conditions are preventable or, when prevention fails, treatable. Overwhelmingly they affect children living in conditions of poverty and social and economic exclusion. 6
Page 1 and 2: Western Cape Burden of Disease Redu
Page 3 and 4: Contents Overview ……………
Page 5: Figure 1: South Africa's U5MR for 1
Page 9 and 10: Millennium Development Goals to red
Page 11 and 12: 2.3% and almost 2% respectively. LB
Page 13 and 14: ange of resources, whether financia
Page 15 and 16: weaning period. Moreover, correct m
Page 17 and 18: 4.4. Lack of immunisation Global im
Page 19 and 20: 5. Vertical transmission and inadeq
Page 21 and 22: Technical interventions focused on
Page 23 and 24: Table 3: Review of potential approa
Page 25 and 26: Comprehensive interventions to addr
Page 27 and 28: Actions at the community level were
Page 29 and 30: nutrition as measured by child heig
Page 31 and 32: Mixed feeding should be actively an
Page 33 and 34: • Stove maintenance and replaceme
Page 35 and 36: safest for them. (also explore past
Page 37 and 38: infrastructure, and especially of t
Page 39 and 40: vi Debbie Bradshaw, Nadine Nannan,

Decreasing the Burden of Childhood Disease - Western Cape ...

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