high pressure plastic pipe systems offshore - Soluforce

Flexible thinking 

HIGH PRESSURE PLASTIC PIPE SYSTEMS

Transportable 

SOLUFORCE ® BENEFITS 

Soluforce ® RTP (Reinforced Plastic Pipe) has been 

manufactured and used extensively since the year 2000. 

It is estimated that over a thousand kilometers worldwide 

is currently in operation. 

The concept of a completely non corrosive pipe system 

for high pressure hydrocarbon applications came about 

through the demand from oil companies who proactively 

participated in the development and qualification of RTP. 

In 1998 a JIP (Joint Industrial Project) which brought 

together manufacturers, users (such as Saudi Aramco, 

Petrobras, Shell, BP) and testing institutes was created. 

Out of the JIP was developed an API standard (API RP 15S) 

for RTP in 2006. 

Soluforce ® RTP is a complete non metallic piping system. 

It is qualified for Water, Hydrocarbons and Gas applications. 

Manufactured by Pipelife in Enkhuizen, The Netherlands, 

Soluforce ® RTP is supplied on disposable wooden reels 

which may be easily transported by either road or ship. 

SILOAM 

SPRINGS 

Soluforce ® RTP comes with a complete fitting system 

for its pipes. It provides welding equipment and certified 

welders for installation wherever the customer requires. 

Soluforce ® is a business unit within the Pipelife 

International group of companies and benefits from 

belonging to one of the world’s largest plastic pipe 

manufacturers. 

Robust 

2

Pipelife International G.m.b.H. 

is a global player in the manufacture 

of plastic pipe systems with offices 

and production facilities in over 

25 countries. 

SUMMARY 

Benefits Pages 4 - 7 

Water Pages 8-11 

Hydrocarbons Pages 12-17 

Connection Systems Pages 18-25 

HAPARANDA 

II 

UTAJÄRVI 

KAAVI 

SURNADAL 

STATHELL 

LJUNG 

TALLINN 

ÖLSREMMA 

ENKHUIZEN 

GDANSK 

ZHUKOV 

CORK 

BAD ZWISHENAHN 

RADOM 

KALMTHOUT 

OTROKOVICE 

GAILLON 

VIENNA 

DEBRECEN 

CHÂTEAUROUX 

MIERCUREA CIUC 

KARLOVAC 

ZARAGOZA 

ISTAMBUL 

THIVA 

Deployment 

3


Solves corrosion problems 

Very fast Installation 

Maintenance Free 

Design life up to 50 years 

Soluforce ® RTP deployed (floating) 

during an offshore installation. 

4


No scaling - No erosion 

Re-Usable 

400 meters length per coil 

Very robust 

Soluforce ® RTP installed 

in the desert 

5

Standards 

SOLUFORCE ® 

standards, testing AND qualificationS 

Soluforce ® complies with the following standards: 

Oilfield service: 

API RP 15S 

API 17J 

“Qualification of Spoolable Reinforced Plastic Linepipe” 

Soluforce ® Light, and Soluforce ® Classic pipe system 

“ Specification for Unbonded Flexible Pipe” 

Soluforce ® Heavy, pipe body 

Gas distribution and transport: 

ISO TS 18226 

“Reinforced Thermoplastic Piping Systems for Gaseous Fuels” 

(Soluforce ® Light and Soluforce ® Classic, gas transport & distribution) 

DVGW VP 642 “Faserverstärkte PE-Rohre (RTP) und zugehörige Verbinder für 

Gasleitungen mit Betreibsdrücken über 16 Bar” 

(German Standard for gas distribution and transport, 

Soluforce ® Light and Soluforce ® Classic) 

Soluforce ® has a proven track record in the oil and gas industry, and has been used 

since 2000 for different applications, including oil and gas linepipe, water injection 

pipe, water transportation, and gas distribution and transport. 

Soluforce ® maintains the highest quality levels with regard to the design, manufacturing 

and testing of their products, according to, or exceeding the requirements in international 

standards. 

Qualification and Certification 

The design, testing and qualification of Soluforce ® is verified according to the applicable 

standards by ISO accredited independent institutes. For oilfield applications: “Det Norske 

Veritas” (DNV). For gas distribution and transport: RWTÜV. Certification by Bureau Veritas 

for oil applications at 150 bars working pressure. Bureau Veritas certify that Soluforce 

complies with AP 17J (specification for unbonded flexible pipe) 3 rd edition for sour 

applications. 

QA/QC System 

Soluforce ® is developed, manufactured and marketed 

under ISO9001 QA/QC system, approved by KIWA. 

6

SOLUFORCE ® 

DESIGN AND Reliability 

The reliability of Soluforce ® is guaranteed by extensive laboratory testing and long term 

field experience. 

To assess the long-term strength, Soluforce ® is pressure tested for a period of 10,000 hours 

(more than one year), according to internationally accepted standards. One of the most 

important test criteria is that the fitting system should be stronger than the pipe itself. 

Next to corrosion, third party interference is the major cause of pipeline failure. 

Soluforce ® Light and Classic, being completely non-metallic, including the fitting 

system, offer the ultimate in absolute corrosion resistance. The resistance to third party 

interference, earth quakes and landslides has been verified in the laboratory by falling 

weight impact testing, axial load and bending testing under supervision of major oil 

companies. In-field impact testing with digging machines has shown equal or better 

performance than steel pipe. 

Soluforce ® is field-proven since 2000, when the first flowlines were installed in the Middle 

East desert. These pipes have been in service since without any interruption. Meanwhile 

Soluforce ® has been installed worldwide onshore and offshore at major oil and gas 

companies. No failure in service has been reported. 

Axial force test 

Test preparation 

Elevated temperature testing 

in a hot water bath at 85 C°. 

Squeeze test 

Bending test 

7

SOLUFORCE ® WATER 

HIGH PRESSURE 

PLASTIC PIPE SYSTEMS 

FOR WATER 

8


Soluforce ® LIGHT : L450 - L540 

A synthetic fibre tape reinforcement 

for lower pressure applications. 

- Effluent water 

- Water supply 

Soluforce ® CLASSIC : M480 - M570 

An synthetic fibre tape reinforcement 

for medium pressure applications. 

- Effluent water 

- Saline water 

- Water injection 

Soluforce ® Classic and Light are resistant to ALL chemicals involved 

in water injection, also in extremely sour environments, including: 

- H 2 

S in any concentration/pressure 

- (strong) inorganic acids like HCl, H 2 

SO 4 

- (strong) alkaline materials, including NaOH, KOH, and NH 3 solutions 

- CO 2 

in any concentration/pressure 

- Anti-corrosion additives 

- Mineral salts 

- Hydrocarbons of any composition 

Soluforce ® HEAVY : H415 - H515 

A high strength steel wire reinforcement 

for high pressure water applications. 

- High pressure water injection 

9

SOLUFORCE ® WATER DATA SHEET 

Soluforce ® WATER Data Sheet 

Soluforce ® type L450 L540 M480 M570 H415 H515 

Dimensions 

Nominal diameter 100 mm / 4" 150 mm / 6" 100 mm / 4" 150 mm / 6" 100 mm / 4" 150 mm / 6" 

Outside diameter 125 mm / 5" 150 mm / 6" 125 mm / 5" 150 mm / 6" 125 mm / 5" 150 mm / 6" 

Inside diameter 100 mm / 4" 125 mm / 5" 100 mm / 4" 125 mm / 5" 100 mm / 4" 125 mm / 5" 

Weight in air < 6 kg/m / 4.2 Lb/ft 144 Bar / 

2088psi 

36 Bar / 

522 psi 

36 Bar / 

522 psi 

> 115 Bar / 

1670 psi 

29 Bar / 

421 psi 

N/A 

111 Bar / 

1610 psi 

> 360 Bar / 

5220 psi 

90 Bar / 

1305 psi 

65 °C / 150 °F 

90 Bar / 

1305 psi 

> 270 Bar / 

3915 psi 

72 Bar / 

1044 psi 

Above freezing point of fluid 

Hazen Williams friction factor (C) 150 

Darcy Weisbach surface 

roughness (e) 

0.0015 mm 

Design lifetime 

Surface installed 

20 years 

Buried 

50 years 

Minimum bending radius 

In storage 1.25 m / 4´1.2’’ 

In service 3.00 m / 9´10.1’’ 

Test pressure 

Maximum Hydrotest Pressure 

49 Bar / 

711 psi 

40 Bar / 

421 psi 

123 Bar / 

1784 psi 

100 Bar / 

1450 psi 

195 Bar / 

2828 psi 

> 450 Bar / 

6525 psi 

150 Bar / 

2200 psi 

195 Bar / 

2828 psi 

Packaging 

Length per coil 400 m / 1312 ´ 220 m / 721´ 

Dimensions per coil (l x h x w) 

Weight per coil 

400 x 420 

x 115 cm 

2200 kg / 

4846 Lbs 

410 x 420 

x 146 cm 

2720 kg / 

5991 Lbs 

400 x 420 

x 115 cm 

2240 kg / 

4933 Lbs 

410 x 420 

x 146 cm 

2760 kg / 

6079 Lbs 

1940 kg / 

4273 Lbs 

N/A 

195 Bar / 

2828 psi 

> 360 Bar / 

5220 psi 

150 Bar / 

2200 psi 

195 Bar / 

2828 psi 

410 x 420 

x 146 cm 

2380 kg / 

5242 Lbs 

10



With a maximum operating pressure of 36 Bar 

and 29 Bar for the (4” and 6” pipe resp.), 

SOLUFORCE ® LIGHT provides an excellent, flexible 

solution for medium pressure water transport. 

As it is fully non-metallic it serves any sour application, 

without restrictions regarding H 2 

S and CO 2 

content. 


Available with a maximum operating pressure 

of 90 Bar and 72 Bar (4” and 6” resp.), 

SOLUFORCE ® CLASSIC serves a very wide range 

of applications due to its unique combination 

of properties. Being fully non-metallic it is the 

ideal solution for even the toughest high pressure 

application such as sour service, without restrictions 

regarding H 2 

S and CO 2 

content. 

Temperature uprating factors and maximum pressure rating 

Temp [°C] Uprating Factor M480 [bar]* M570 [bar]* 

*water service 

10 1,54 137 109 

20 1,45 129 103 

30 1,34 120 96 

40 1,24 111 89 

50 1,14 102 81 

55 1,1 98 78 

60 1,05 93 75 

65 1 90 72 

70 0,95 85 68 

80 0,86 76 61 


For very high operating pressures up to 223 Bar (4”) 

and 178 Bar (6”) a steel wire reinforced pipe is 

available. SOLUFORCE ® HEAVY is specially developed 

for very high pressure (saline) water injection. 

It is resistant to (strong) inorganic acids like HCl, 

H 2 

SO 4 

and (strong) alkaline materials, including 

NaOH, KOH, and NH 3 solutions. As the pipe is steel 

cord reinforced the pipe has some limitations for 

sour H 2 

S applications. The CO 2 

content in the fluid 

can be very high, up to 7 % in the gas phase. 

11

SOLUFORCE ® HYDROCARBONS 

HIGH PRESSURE 


FOR HYDROCARBONS 

Soluforce ® RTP oil hook up line 

12




for lower pressure applications. 



for medium pressure applications such as oil 

flow lines and water disposal lines. 

Soluforce ® CLASSIC HPG : M480 HPG - M570 HPG 

A synthetic fibre tape reinforcement with 

a low gas permeation grade liner for medium 

pressure gas applications. 



for high pressure oil flowlines. 

Soluforce ® HEAVY PA : H415 PA - H515 PA 


with polyamide inner lining for high 

pressure gas applications. 

13

SOLUFORCE ® HYDROCARBONS data sheet 

SYNTHETIC FIBER REINFORCED RTP - API RP 15S 

Soluforce ® HYDROCARBONS Data Sheet 

Soluforce ® type L450 L540 M480 M570 M480 HPG M570 HPG 

Dimensions 

Nominal diameter 100 mm / 4" 150 mm / 6" 100 mm / 4" 150 mm / 6" 100 mm / 4" 150 mm / 6" 

Outside diameter 125 mm / 5" 150 mm / 6" 125 mm / 5" 150 mm / 6" 125 mm / 5" 150 mm / 6" 

Inside diameter 100 mm / 4" 125 mm / 5" 100 mm / 4" 125 mm / 5" 100 mm / 4" 125 mm / 5" 

Weight in air < 6 kg/m / 4.2 Lb/ft < 10 kg/m / 7 Lb/ft 

Technical Details 

Liner material HDPE, black, type PE100 HDPE, low permeation grade 

Cover material 

HDPE, white, UV stabilised, type PE100 

Reinforcement 

Aramid Fibre 

Ratings 

Pressure Ratings 

Hydrostatic Design Basis (HDB), 

LCL 20 years (API RP 15S) 

Short term bursting pressure 

(STHB) 

Maximum continuous 

operating pressure (20 yrs) 

Operating temperatures 

Maximum ambient and/or 

fluid temperature 

Minimum ambient and/or fluid 

temperature 

Design and Construction Parameters 

Flow 

45 Bar / 

644 psi 

> 144 Bar / 

2088psi 

26 Bar / 

377 psi 

36 Bar / 

522 psi 

> 115 Bar / 

1670 psi 

21 Bar / 

305 psi 

111 Bar / 

1610 psi 

> 360 Bar / 

5220 psi 

65 Bar / 

943 psi 

65 °C / 150 °F 

- 40 ºC / - 40 ºF 


Darcy Weisbach surface 

roughness (e) 

0.0015 mm 

Bubble Point (according to ASTM F316) 

Maximum bubble point pressure 

@ 65°C / 150°F 



Buried 


26 Bar / 

377 psi 

21 Bar / 

305 psi 

21 Bar / 

305 psi 

20 years 

50 years 

In storage 1.25 m / 4´1.2’’ 

In service 3.00 m / 9´10.1’’ 


Maximum Hydrotest Pressure 

49 Bar / 

711 psi 

40 Bar / 

421 psi 

123 Bar / 

1784 psi 

Packaging 

Length per coil 400 m / 1312 ´ 


Weight per coil 

400 x 420 

x 115 cm 

2200 kg / 

4846 Lbs 

410 x 420 

x 146 cm 

2720 kg / 

5991 Lbs 

400 x 420 

x 115 cm 

2240 kg / 

4933 Lbs 

90 Bar / 

1305 psi 

> 270 Bar / 

3915 psi 

52 Bar / 

754 psi 

21 Bar / 

305 psi 

100 Bar / 

1450 psi 

410 x 420 

x 146 cm 

2760 kg / 

6079 Lbs 

111 Bar / 

1610 psi 

> 360 Bar / 

5220 psi 

65 Bar / 

943 psi 

65 Bar / 

943 psi 

123 Bar / 

1784 psi 

400 x 420 

x 115 cm 

2240 kg / 

4933 Lbs 

90 Bar/ 

1305 psi 

> 270 Bar / 

3915 psi 

52 Bar / 

754 psi 

52 Bar / 

754 psi 

100 Bar / 

1450 psi 

410 x 420 

x 146 cm 

2760 kg / 

6079 Lbs 

14

SOLUFORCE ® HYDROCARBONS data sheet 

STEEL CORD REINFORCED RTP - API 17J 

Soluforce ® HYDROCARBONS Data Sheet 

Soluforce ® type H415 H515 H415PA H515PA 

Dimensions 

Nominal diameter 100 mm / 4’’ 150 mm / 6’’ 100 mm / 4’’ 150 mm / 6’’ 

Outside diameter 125 mm / 5’’ 150 mm / 6’’ 125 mm / 5’’ 150 mm / 6’’ 

Inside diameter 100 mm / 4’’ 125 mm / 5’’ 100 mm / 4’’ 125 mm / 5’’ 

Weight in air 

450 Bar / 6526 psi > 360 Bar / 5220 psi > 450 Bar / 6526 psi > 360 Bar / 5220 psi 

Maximum continuous operating 

pressure (20 yrs) 

150 Bar / 2200 psi 150 Bar / 2200 psi 150 Bar / 2200 psi 150 Bar / 2200 psi 

Operating temperatures 

Maximum ambient and/or fluid temperature 65 °C / 150 °F 

Minimum ambient and/or fluid temperature - 40 ºC / - 40 ºF 

Design and Construction Parameters 

Flow 


Darcy Weisbach surface roughness (e) 

0.0015 mm 

Bubble Point (according to ASTM F316) 

Maximum bubble point pressure @ 65°C / 150 °F 21 Bar / 305 psi 21 Bar / 305 psi 150 Bar / 2200 psi 150 Bar / 2200 psi 



20 years 

Buried 

50 years 


In storage 1.25 m / 4´1.2’’ 

In service 3.00 m / 9´10.1’’ 


Maximum Hydrotest Pressure 195 Bar / 2828 psi 195 Bar / 2828 psi 195 Bar / 2828 psi 195 Bar / 2828 psi 

Packaging 

Length per coil 220 m / 721´ 


400 x 420 x 146 cm 

Weight per coil 1940 kg / 4273 Lbs 2380 kg / 5242 Lbs 1940 kg / 4273 Lbs 2380 kg / 5242 Lbs 

15



With a maximum operating pressure of 26 Bar and 

21 Bar (4” and 6” ND pipe resp.), Soluforce ® LIGHT 

provides an excellent, flexible solution for medium 

pressure oil transport. For example beam pump 

flow lines are a typical application for this pipe. 

As this pipe concept is fully non-metallic it can serve 

any sour application, without restrictions regarding 

H 2 

S and CO 2 

content. 


Soluforce ® CLASSIC is available with a maximum 

operating pressure of 65 Bar and 52 Bar (4” and 

6” ND resp.). Being fully non-metallic, it is the ideal 

solution for even the toughest applications such as 

sour oil service without restrictions regarding H 2 

S 

and CO 2 

content. Applications such as beam pump 

flow lines or ESP (electrical submerged pumps) flow 

lines are areas where this pipe will prove its benefits. 

Soluforce ® CLASSIC HPG : M480 HPG - M570 HPG 

For high pressure applications with a high associated 

gas content Soluforce ® CLASSIC HPG was 

developed. This pipe has a special low gas permeation 

inner liner. Beam pump or ESP flow lines for 

oil transport with a high GOR (gas to oil ratio) will 

benefit from the ease of use, even with very high 

H 2 

S and CO 2 

contents. It is available with a maximum 

operating pressure of 65 Bar and 52 Bar 

(4” and 6” ND resp.) for high GOR applications. 

Ductile iron nylon coated 

end flange connection 

16 

Lekhwair, Oman sour oil service 

7200 m - Pressure 735 psi - Temperature 120 F° 

Installed in August 2000



For very high operating pressures up to 150 Bar 

a steel cord reinforced pipe is available. It is 

resistant to (strong) inorganic acids like HCl, H 2 

SO 4 

and (strong) alkaline materials, including NaOH, 

KOH, and NH 3 solutions. As this pipe is steel wire 

reinforced the pipe has some limitations for sour H 2 

S 

applications according to NACE MR0175 / ISO15156. 

The CO 2 

content in the fluid may be very high. 

Soluforce ® HEAVY PA : H415 PA - H515 PA 

Soluforce ® Heavy PA pipe, is qualified by bureau 

Veritas for hydrocarbon service according to API17J, 

irrespective of the composition of the hydrocarbon 

composition, with certain limitations to the 

concentration of H 2 

S and CO 2 

, The liner materials 

(HDPE or PA12) are fully compatible with 

hydrocarbons and gas up to the maximum 

rated temperatures. 

Soluforce ® Heavy PA has a polyamide 12 (PA12) 

liner with a reduced rate of permeation. 

As a result, Soluforce ® Heavy PA may be used 

up to its full hydrostatic pressure capacity for gas, 

or for hydrocarbons with high associated gas 

content. 

In case of dry gas service, the temperature rating 

of Soluforce ® Heavy PA may, under certain 

conditions, be increased to 85 °C (185 °F). When 

there is no humidity present, PA12 is not affected 

by hydrolysis. 

17

SOLUFORCE ® CONNECTION SYSTEMS 

HIGH PRESSURE 

PLASTIC PIPE 

ASSEMBLY SYSTEMS 

End fitting parts 

18

SOLUFORCE ® CONNECTION SYSTEMS 

Summary 

COUPLINGS 

In-line coupling 

pipe to pipe coupling (P2P) 

END FITTINGS 

Flange 

Weld Stub 

« SOLUFORCE ® Electro fusion connection system is applicable 

up to 120 bars - 1740 psi at max. 65°C - 150°F » 

19

ELECTROFUSION SYSTEM 

IN-LINE COUPLINGS 

• Combination of butt welding 

and electro fusion 

• HDPE UV resistant 

protection sleeve 

• Soluforce ® Pipe to Pipe 

connectorin stainless steel 316L 

• Electro fusion only 

20

ELECTROFUSION SYSTEM 

END FITTINGS 

OPTION 1 : SOLUFORCE ® end fitting with stainless steel 316L flange 600 # 

• Soluforce ® end fitting in stainless 

steel 316L with electro fusion 

connection to the pipe. 

• Other flange ratings available 

on demand 

OPTION 2 : SOLUFORCE ® end fitting WITH nylon coated ductile iron flange 600 # 

• SOLUFORCE ® end fitting with 

nylon coated ductile iron 

• Nylon insert ensures no fluid 

to metal contact 

OPTION 3 : SOLUFORCE ® END FITTING WITH WELD STUB 

• SOLUFORCE ® end fitting with Stainless 

steel 316L weld stub (other materials 

can be supplied on demand) 

21

ELECTROFUSION MACHINE 

• Leak tight connection by butt fusion welding of liner pipe. 

• Electrofusion welding of the coupling gives strength 

• Completely non-metallic pipeline 

• Totally corrosion free 

• Eletrofusion welding of the end fitting 

• Base for 

- End flange 

- Weld stub 

- P2P system 

Coupling 

End fitting 

Full installation team in a working site 

22

ELECTROFUSION MACHINE COMPONENTS 

AND TOOLS 

Electrofusion control box 

Heater plate 

CNC control unit 

Trimmer 

« A completely 

computer controlled process 

Power required to run 

the machine 20 KVA » 

SOLUFORCE ® tools 

23

SWAGED FITTING SYSTEM 

SOLUFORCE® swaged fitting in stainless steel. 

SOLUFORCE ® swaging machine. 

SOLUFORCE® swaging machine on site. 

SOLUFORCE® can rent out swaging machines and 

provide swaging services upon request. 

Stainless 

steel insert 

• Metal and pipe sandwich after 

the swaging process. 

RTP pipe Sandwiched 

between the swaged 

fiting walls 

Stainless 

steel exterior 

fiting 

• The assembly consists in compressing 

the external ring against the expansion 

of the internal insert. 

End Fitting 

• ASTM Flange 

• Stub end 

Mid-Line connection 

• Grayloc 

• Slim line 

• Stub end 

« SOLUFORCE® swaging system 

for SOLUFORCE® Heavy RTP pipe system » 

24

SWAGED FITTING SYSTEM 

OPTION 1 : SOLUFORCE ® SWAGE fitting with GRAYLOC CONNECTOR 316L 

• Easy connection system. 

• Light weight. 

• Hooks up with 

Grayloc hub flange. 

OPTION 2 : SOLUFORCE ® SWAGE FITTING WITH SLIMLINE CONNECTOR IN 316l 

• Easy axial load 

• Heavy duty 

• Hooks up with Slimline 

hub flange. 

OPTION 3 : SOLUFORCE ® SWAGE FITTING WITH WELD STUB END IN 316l 

• Connection by steel welding. 

• Hooks up with any type 

of weld stub flange. 

Other alloys can be supplied on demand. 

25

APPLICATIONS 

SOLUFORCE ® lines hooked up to existing infra structure. 

Dual lines connect by Pipe to Pipe fittings. 

Installation in tropical rain forest. 

Flange to flange connection. 

Uncoiling of SOLUFORCE® pipe along mountain road. 

26 

Handling of SOLUFORCE ® installation equipment in the field.

PIPE TRANSPORT AND LOGISTICS 

Easy storage and manipulation 

Transport by sea 

Driving out to work site on the deployment trailer. 

Road transport 

Uncoiling 

27

SOLUFORCE ® OFFSHORE 

HIGH PRESSURE 


OFFSHORE 

28 

Special over-size drums for offshore 

can be supplied on demand


When installed empty, the maximum external pressure on Soluforce ® , depending 

on diameter, is about 0.3 MPa, which limits the water depth to approximately 30 meters. 

However, when the Soluforce ® RTP system is kept pressurized or water filled during 

installation and operation there is no theoretical limit to the water depth. 

For oil and water pipes, the maximum water depth is therefore much more than 30 meters, 

and limited in practice by the maximum allowable tensile load during installation. 

For gas pipe, the maximum water depth is determined by the hydrostatic collapse 

resistance. 

Soluforce ® type 

Dimensions 

Soluforce ® CLASSIC 

Soluforce ® HEAVY 

M480 M570 Standard H415 H415 Standard 

Nominal diameter (mm) 100 (4“) 150 (6“) 100 (4“) 125 (5“) 

Weight, empty in air (kg/m) 4,6 5,9 7,0 9,0 

Weight, empty submerged (kg/m) -8,1 -12,4 -5,6 -8,9 

Weight, waterfilled, submerged (kg/m) -0,3 -0,4 2,2 3,1 

Maximum pressure, water service (barg) 90 72 DNV 150 150 DNV 

Maximum pressure, hydrocarbon service (barg) 64 51 API RP 15S 150 150 API 17J 

Maximum pressure, gas service 1 (barg) 64 51 API RP 15S 150 150 API 17J 

Maximum hydrotest pressure 2 (barg) 123 100 DNV 195 195 DNV 

Maximum service température (C°) 65 65 65 65 

Internal surface roughness (Darcy Weisbach) (mm) 0,0015 0,0015 0,0015 0,0015 

Hazen Williams friction factor 150 150 150 150 

1 

Special grade HDPE linerpipe 

2 

Max 24 hours, test medium: water. For Soluforce ® Heavy see API 17J, Chapter 9. 

For more information contact us directly at info@soluforce.com or visit our website 

www.soluforce.com to download our brochure and submit your questions. 

Project references can be supplied upon demand. A design guideline for offshore 

installation can be obtained from Soluforce. 

Conforms to API RP 15S or API 17J for spoolable composite pipe systems. 

Soluforce ® RTP is DNV certified. 

29


Soluforce ® is suitable and economical for multiple offshore applications such as water injection 

lines, oil flowlines, and static risers up to 6 inch diameter. Soluforce ® may also be recoiled and 

re-used for well intervention risers and test lines. 

The advantage of Soluforce ® Classic over (stainless) steel pipe and other flexible pipe systems 

is its complete corrosion resistance even in heavily sour service. Soluforce ® Heavy can be used 

for sour service up to 0.3 Bars (4.5 psi) partial H2S pressure. Soluforce ® has a completely smooth 

bore, as opposed to most other offshore flexible pipe solutions. This ensures a much lower flow 

resistance and improved flow capacity. 

Designed originally for onshore operations Soluforce ® has limited external pressure resistance. 

However installed water filled and operated water or oil filled Soluforce ® may be used even 

in deep water. As a temporary test line, Soluforce ® has been used at 900 meters (3000 ft) 

water depth. 

Empty, or oil- or gas filled, the differential external pressure should be no more than 0.3 MPa 

(equivalent to 30 meters / 100 ft water depth). If the water depth is more than 30 meters (100 ft), 

used for gas service, or oil service with high GOR (Gas to Oil Ratio), a subsea Soluforce ® pipeline 

must be protected by some means to ensure that a positive differential pressure is maintained 

at all times. This could be, for instance, a safety shut off system. In such case, as long as the pipe 

is installed water filled, there is no theoretical limit to the water depth. 

Being lightweight, Soluforce ® must be fitted with external weight to ensure sufficient onbottom 

stability. This may either be strap-on concrete blocks at regular intervals or a piggybacked 

heavy steel wire cable. Sometimes, concrete weight mattresses are used. In deeper water, 

a parallel steel wire cable is required to ensure sufficient axial strength during installation. 

Soluforce ® Heavy PA, with a PA12 liner has been specifically designed for subsea gas pipelines, 

and is approved by Bureau Veritas for such service according to API 17J. 

As installation and operating conditions of flexible offshore pipelines vary widely, the over-all 

suitability, installation method, and economy of Soluforce ® must be evaluated in detail for each 

individual project. Soluforce is happy to advise the offshore engineering office of your choice on 

this subject. 

Soluforce ® Classic RTP during installation 

with concrete block attachment for 

sinking to bottom of sea. 

30


Disclaimer: 

All products purchased from or supplied by Pipelife are subjected to terms and conditions set out in the contract, order acknowledgement 

and/or bill of lading. Pipelife warrants only that its product will meet those specifi cations designated in such contracts, order acknowledgements, 

and/or bills of loading. All other information including that herein, supplied by Pipelife, is considered accurate but is furnished upon the 

express conditions that the customer shall make his own assessment to determine the product’s suitability for a particular purpose. Pipelife 

makes no other warranty either express or implied, regarding such other information, the data upon which the same is based, or the results 

to be obtained from the use thereof; that any products shall be merchantable or fit for any particular purpose; or that the use of such other information 

or product will not infringe any patent. 

31

SOLUFORCE ® 

FLEXIBLE THINKING 

www.soluforce.com 

Pipelife Nederland B.V. 

Flevolaan 7 

1601 MA ENKHUIZEN 

Netherlands 

Tel.: +31(0) 228 355 555 

Fax: +31(0) 228 355 520 

info@soluforce.com 

November, 2011 / Copyright: Pipelife Nederland bv

high pressure plastic pipe systems offshore - Soluforce

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