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Entomology
BINDRA, O . S . , and HARCHARAN SINGH. 1 9 7 1 .
Tur pod b u g , Clavigralla gibboea S p i n o l a
(Coreidae : Hemiptera) • P e s t i c i d e s
5 ( 2 ) : 3 - 4 , 32. 613
Clavigralla i n c l u d e s two s p e c i e s ,
C. gibboea S p i n , and C. horrens D o h r n . ,
which i n f e s t leguminous crops and suck
t h e i r j u i c e . The former i s more commonly
p r e v a l e n t and i s o f g r e a t e r economic
importance i n I n d i a . The f o l l o w i n g aspects
o f t h i s p e s t a r e d i s c u s s e d : v a r i o u s stages
o f development; d i s t r i b u t i o n o f host
p l a n t s , p r i m a r i l y pigeonpea; l i f e h i s t o r y ,
seasonal h i s t o r y , and number of generations;
n a t u r e and e x t e n t o f damage; n a t u r a l
enemies; and c o n t r o l measures.
BINDRA, O . S . , and HARCHARAN SINGH. 1972.
Tur pod f l y , Melanagromyza obtusa M a l l o c h .
(Diptera : Agromyzidae) • P e s t i c i d e s
6 ( 7 ) : 1 1 - 1 2 , 22. 614
Tur pod f l y , Melanagromyza (Agromyza)
obtusa M a l l o c h . was f i r s t r e c o r d e d i n
1906 under t h e name " T u r - p o d f l y " on
Cajanus cajan ( L . ) . I t has a l s o been
d e s c r i b e d under t h e name "Red-gram a g r o -
myza" b u t t h i s name has n o t become w i d e l y
a c c e p t e d . The i d e n t i f i c a t i o n o f t h e
i n s e c t , i t s d i s t r i b u t i o n and h o s t p l a n t s ,
l i f e h i s t o r y , seasonal h i s t o r y , n a t u r e and
e x t e n t of damage, n a t u r a l enemies, and
c o n t r o l measures are summarized.
CHAUDHARY, R . R . P . , and A.K. BHATTACHARYA.
1974.
Keeping p e s t s of a r h a r at b a y . I n d i a n Fmr
D i g e s t 7(7) : 2 3 , 33. 617
Arhar is l i a b l e to a t t a c k by a number of
i n s e c t p e s t s , t h e r e d gram pod f l y and t u r
pod f l y and t u r pod c a t e r p i l l a r b e i n g t h e
most s e r i o u s . O t h e r s , t h e t u r pod b u t t e r ­
f l y (Catoahryaopa anejus) and a r h a r l e a f
webber o r l e a f r o l l e r (Euaosma c r i t i c a ) a r e
n o t so s e r i o u s . C o n t r o l measures are
d e s c r i b e d .
CRUZ, CARLOS. 1975.
Observations on pod b o r e r o v i p o s i t i o n and
i n f e s t a t i o n o f pigeonpea v a r i e t i e s .
J . A g r i c . U n i v . P . R i c o . 5 9 ( l ) : 6 3 - 6 8 . 618
T h i r t e e n v a r i e t i e s of pigeonpea (Cajanue
c a j a n ( L . ) M i l l s p . ) were p l a n t e d t o d e t e r ­
mine pod b o r e r o v i p o s i t i o n p r e f e r e n c e s and
i n f e s t a t i o n p e r c e n t a g e s . Etiella zinokenella
and Heliothis virescens were t h e
predominant s p e c i e s . O v i p o s i t i o n o f
Heliothia began on f l o w e r buds b u t pods
were p r e f e r r e d where a v a i l a b l e , except f o r
v a r i e t i e s F l o r i d o , T r i n i d a d 5690, and
T r i n i d a d 6222, where a s i m i l a r p r e f e r e n c e
f o r bud and pods was r e c o r d e d . V a r i e t y
Guama p a r t i c u l a r l y was l e s s a t t r a c t i v e
f o r o v i p o s i t i o n . V a r i e t i e s Saragateado,
F l o r i d o , and Totiempo showed h i g h e s t i n f e s ­
t a t i o n r a t e s t h r o u g h o u t the season.
BINDRA, O . S . , and S.S. JAKHMOLA. 1967.
I n c i d e n c e of and l o s s e s caused by some
p o d - i n f e s t i n g i n s e c t s i n d i f f e r e n t v a r i e ­
t i e s of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan ( L . )
M i l l s p . ) . I n d i a n J . A g r i c . S c i .
3 7 ( 3 ) : 1 7 7 - 1 9 6 . 615
In a 2-year s t u d y of 50 v a r i e t i e s of
p i g e o n p e a , t h e i n c i d e n c e o f t h e pod f l y
(Melanagromyza obtusa) in f r e s h l y h a r v e s t e d
pods v a r i e d c o n s i d e r a b l y from v a r i e t y t o
v a r i e t y ; percentages o f t h e a f f e c t e d g r a i n s
averaged 11.2 and 15.8 i n t h e f i r s t and
second y e a r r e s p e c t i v e l y . In a subsequent
t r i a l w i t h 1 1 v a r i e t i e s , t h e i n c i d e n c e o n
g r a i n b a s i s proved to be o n l y 50% of t h a t
on pod b a s i s . The average y i e l d l o s s was
8.35% w h i l e t h a t caused by a t t a c k s of t h e
plume moth (Exelastie atomosa) t h e p u l s e
b e e t l e (Bruchus bacticus), and t h r e e o t h e r
peste (Heliothia armigera, Catochrysops
one jus, and Cosmolyoe bactious) amounted
t o 4 . 0 2 , 0 . 2 8 , and 3.62% r e s p e c t i v e l y .
CHARI, M . S . , and H.K. PATEL. 1970.
S t u d i e s o n p h y t o t o x i c a c t i o n o f c a r b a r y l
o n pigeonpea (Cajanus c a j a n ( L . ) M i l l s p . ) .
B.A. A g r i c . C o l l . Mag. 2 3 : 4 7 - 4 8 . 616
DAVID, B . V . , and T. SANTHANARAMAN. 1964.
F i r s t r e c o r d o f the green n e t t l e s l u g
c a t e r p i l l a r , Thosea asperiena W l k . , in
I n d i a . Madras A g r i c . J . 5 1 ( 1 2 ) :
499-502. 619
The seasonal occurrence and l i f e h i s t o r y o f
the green n e t t l e s l u g c a t e r p i l l a r , Thosea
asperiens W l k . , a new pest of cholam
(Sorghum s p p . ) t h a t a l s o a t t a c k s r e d gram
are r e p o r t e d . The l a r v a e d e f o l i a t e t h e
p l a n t s and t h e i r poisonous h a i r s a l s o
i n f l i c t severe p a i n i f they happen t o come
in c o n t a c t w i t h t h e human body.
DAVID, S. KANAKARAJ. 1964.
Note on Heliothia armigera H. and Agvomyza
obtusa M. a f f e c t i n g redgram pods and t h e i r
c o n t r o l . Madras A g r i c . J . 51(2) : 9 0 . 620
There was s i g n i f i c a n t r e d u c t i o n of pod
b o r e r s w i t h DDT f o r m u l a t i o n s g i v i n g t h e
b e s t r e s u l t s i n t h e f i r s t y e a r . DDT i n
t h e f i r s t y e a r and M e t h y l demeton f o l l o w e d
b y D i p t e r e x i n t h e second y e a r r e c o r d e d
the h i g h e s t y i e l d .
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