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Botany
DUTH1E, J . F . , and J. FULLER. 1883.
F i e l d and garden crops o f t h e N o r t h Western
p r o v i n c e s and Oudh, 2. Roorkee, I n d i a .
p p . 2 0 - 2 2 . 371
The f o r m Cajanus f l a v u s is known under t h e
name t u r and i s commonly c u l t i v a t e d i n
Madhya P r a d e s h , w h i l e C. b i c o l o r is t h e
a r h a r o f U t t a r P r a d e s h .
F.A.O. 1959.
T a b u l a t e d i n f o r m a t i o n o n t r o p i c a l and s u b ­
t r o p i c a l g r a i n legumes. Rome: FAO.
PP 4 5 - 6 2 . 372
I n c l u d e s i n f o r m a t i o n o n d i f f e r e n t aspects
of p i g e o n p e a , such as o r i g i n , common names,
and u s e s .
GANGULI, D . K . , and D.P. SRIVASTAVA. 1969.
V a r i a b i l i t y s t u d i e s i n a r h a r ( P i g e o n p e a ) .
Ranchi A g r i c . U n i v . Res. J . 4 : 1 3 - 1 6 . 373
I n t r i a l s w i t h 1 0 pigeonpea c u l t i v a r s ,
t h e r e was a wide range of p h e n o t y p i c v a r i a ­
t i o n i n t h e number o f l e a v e s , p o d s , and
seeds per p l a n t and i n p l a n t h e i g h t and
seed y i e l d per p l a n t ; a narrow range i n
the number o f t o t a l and f r u i t i n g branches
per p l a n t , pod l e n g t h , number of seeds per
p o d , and 100-seed w e i g h t . E n v i r o n m e n t a l
f a c t o r s had the g r e a t e s t i n f l u e n c e on seed
y i e l d / p l a n t .
A number of s t r a i n s of pigeonpea occur in
the i s l a n d s . The f l o w e r c o l o r of the seven
common s t r a i n s i s y e l l o w , b u t t h a t o f o t h e r
s t r a i n s i s r e d d i s h . The seed c o l o r v a r i e s
from n e a r l y w h i t e to dark b r o w n . The
s t r a i n s a l s o d i f f e r g r e a t l y i n t h e i r growth
h a b i t s and seed p r o d u c t i o n . Development of
a s t r a i n b e t t e r adapted to g r a z i n g would be
most advantageous.
HUTCHINSON, J . B . (EDITOR). 1967.
Key t o the f a m i l i e s o f f l o w e r i n g p l a n t s o f
the w o r l d . London: Oxford U n i v e r s i t y
P r e s s . 377
HUTCHINSON, J . B . (EDITOR). 1974.
E v o l u t i o n a r y s t u d i e s i n w o r l d c r o p s .
D i v e r s i t y and changes in t h e I n d i a n subc
o n t i n e n t . London: Cambridge U n i v . P r e s s .
175 p p . 378
This book, developed from a symposium h e l d
a t I A R I , New D e l h i i n 1970, i s a n account
o f t h e e v o l u t i o n o f crops i n t h e I n d i a n
s u b c o n t i n e n t and c o n s i s t s o f f i v e p a r t s .
P a r t 3, "Crops of South A s i a and A f r i c a , "
i n c l u d e s a chapter on pigeonpea (Cajanus
cajan) by D.N. De. P a r t 5, e n t i t l e d
" R e v i e w , " i n c l u d e s two c h a p t e r s by J . B .
H u t c h i n s o n o n "Crop P l a n t E v o l u t i o n i n the
I n d i a n s u b c o n t i n e n t " and on "The Challenge
of the New A g r i c u l t u r e . "
GOPINATH, D.M. 1945.
Cleistogamy i n some o f t h e f l o w e r s o f
Cajanus i n d i c u s L . C u r r . S c i . 4 1 : 7 4 . 374
The f l o w e r s of Cajanus a r e c o n s i d e r e d to be
chasmogamic, h a v i n g such i n s e c t v i s i t o r s a s
Megachile lanata and Apis florea. A n t h e s i s
takes p l a c e 24 hours b e f o r e the opening of
the f l o w e r s . From September to November
the percentage o f e c o l o g i c a l c l e i s t o g a m i c
f l o w e r s goes up to 80 . The e x a c t edaphic
f a c t o r s r e s p o n s i b l e f o r such a f e a t u r e have
n o t been d e t e r m i n e d .
HECTOR, J . M . 1936.
I n t r o d u c t i o n t o the botany o f f i e l d c r o p s .
V o l . I I . Noncereals Johannesburg: C e n t r a l
News Agency. 709 p p . 375
Described Cajanus as a monotypic genus.
HOSAKA, E . Y . , and J . C . RIPPERTON. 1944.
Legumes i n t h e Hawaiian r a n g e s . H a w a i i
A g r i c . Exp. Stn B u l l . 9 3 : 7 -79 ( 2 4 - 2 5 ) . 376
The f o l l o w i n g aspects of pigeonpea a r e
d e s c r i b e d b r i e f l y : H a b i t , s t e m , l e a f ,
s t i p u l e s , f l o w e r , s e e d , p o d , seed d i s t r i ­
b u t i o n and h a b i t a t , i m p o r t a n c e , and uses.
KAUL, C . L . , and S.P. SINGH. 1969.
V a l i d i t y o f s t a i n t e s t s i n d e t e r m i n i n g
p o l l e n v i a b i l i t y o f some p a p i l i o n a c e o u s
p l a n t s . I n d i a n J . A g r i c . S c i . 39:
1050-1055. 379
P o l l e n g r a i n s o f e i g h t species b e l o n g i n g t o
seven genera of P a p i l i o n a c e a e were s t u d i e d
and scored f o r v i a b i l i t y . N i t r o - B T -
s t a i n e d , g e r m i n a t e d , and a c e t o c a r m i n e -
s t a i n e d p o l l e n samples were compared,
because t h e v a l i d i t y o f the acetocarmine
t e s t has been q u e s t i o n e d i n r e c e n t y e a r s .
A h i g h l y p o s i t i v e c o r r e l a t i o n between the
t h r e e t e s t s suggests t h a t a l l o f them are
r e l i a b l e i f f r e s h samples a r e used. But
w i t h s t o r e d p o l l e n t h e t h r e e t e s t s sometimes
showed marked v a r i a t i o n s .
KRAUSS, F.G. 1 9 1 1 .
Leguminous crops f o r H a w a i i . Hawaii A g r i c .
Exp. Stn B u l l . 2 3 : 1 - 3 0 . ( 2 1 - 3 0 ) . 380
Pigeonpea, commonly c a l l e d t h e P o r t o Rican
p e a , a f t e r t h e source from which i t was
f i r s t i n t r o d u c e d . I t s g e n e r a l p l a n t morphol
o g y i s d e s c r i b e d . I t s uses a s c a t t l e
f o r a g e , s o i l improver (due t o i t s l o n g
s t r o n g tap r o o t s ) , cover c r o p , and green
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