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Pigeonpea B i b l i o g r a p h y
taken p l a c e t o the f u l l e s t e x t e n t d u r i n g
t h e p r e l i m i n a r y p r o c e s s i n g . F u r t h e r e x p e r i ­
ments showed t h a t t h e decrease i n s o l u b l e
p r o t e i n s i n t h e s o l v e n t s o c c u r r e d i n t h e
f i r s t 6 m i n u t e s o f s t e a m i n g .
TAWDE, S. 1 9 6 1 .
I s o l a t i o n and p a r t i a l c h a r a c t e r i z a t i o n o f
r e d gram (Cajanus indicus) t r y p s i n i n h i b i ­
t o r . Ann. Biochem. Exp. Med. 2 1 :
359-366. 352
Red gram t r y p s i n i n h i b i t o r has a t y p i c a l
p r o t e i n - l i k e UV a b s o r p t i o n r a n g i n g between
252 and 278µ. It resembles g l y c o p r o t e i n
i n n a t u r e ; r e a c t s s t o i c h i o m e t r i c a l l y w i t h
c r y s t a l l i n e t r y p s i n ; i s q u i t e a c t i v e over
a pH range of 2.5 to 1 0 . 1 ; and is f a i r l y
h e a t - s t a b l e . The v a r i o u s normal a c i d
e x t r a c t s o f r e d gram meal analyzed f o r
t r y p s i n i n h i b i t i o n showed maximum a c t i v i t y
w i t h 0.05 N HC1 e x t r a c t w i t h a pH v a l u e
of 4 . 4 . The amino a c i d c o m p o s i t i o n of
t h i s i n h i b i t o r showed t h e absence o f
h i s t i d l n e and presence of low amounts of
t r y p t o p h a n , c y s t i n e , and m e t h i o n i n e , and
l a r g e r amounts o f l e u c i n e , t h r e o n i n e ,
p r o l i n e , and l y s i n e compared t o t h a t o f
l i m a b e a n , p a n c r e a t i c , and ovomucoid
t r y p s i n i n h i b i t o r s .
TAWDE, S . , and H.R. CAMA. 1960.
F r a c t i o n a t i o n and i s o l a t i o n and e l e c t r o -
p h o r e t i c c h a r a c t e r i z a t i o n o f r e d gram
g l o b u l i n s . Symposium o n p r o t e i n s . B i o l .
Res. Coun. Soc. B i o l . Chem., I n d i a .
1 : 8 - 1 3 . 353
The f r a c t i o n a t i o n of r e d gram p r o t e i n s was
c a r r i e d o u t b y ( i ) e x t r a c t i o n w i t h d i f f e ­
r e n t s o l v e n t s , ( i i ) d i a l y s i s o f sodium
c h l o r i d e e x t r a c t a g a i n s t w a t e r , ( i l l )
f r a c t i o n a l p r e c i p i t a t i o n w i t h ammonium
s u l f a t e . A l l t h e f r a c t i o n s were t e s t e d
f o r t h e i r homogeneity e l e c t r o p h o r e t i c a l l y .
The d i s p e r s i b i l i t y c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f
these p r o t e i n s s t u d i e d b y s u c c e s s i v e
e x t r a c t i o n i n v a r i o u s s o l v e n t s — w a t e r ,
10% N a C l , 0.25 M NaOH — and s e p a r a t e l y
in 75% a l c o h o l , showed t h e absence of
p r o l a m i n e n i t r o g e n and a low c o n t e n t of
g l u t e n n i t r o g e n . Though NaCl s o l u t i o n
e x t r a c t e d t h e major p o r t i o n o f t h e g l o b u ­
l i n s , w a t e r a l s o e x t r a c t e d g l o b u l i n s t o
some e x t e n t . D i a l y s i s o f NaCl e x t r a c t
a g a i n s t w a t e r y i e l d e d a f a i r l y homogeneous
f r a c t i o n , w h i l e t h e f r a c t i o n s o b t a i n e d w i t h
2 0 , 4 0 , and 60% ammonium s u l f a t e s a t u r a t i o n
were a l l found t o b e h e t e r o g e n e o u s . O f a l l
t h e methods u s e d , d i l u t i o n and f r a c t i o n a l
p r e c i p i t a t i o n was found t o b e t h e b e s t f o r
i s o l a t i o n o f r e d gram g l o b u l i n s , y i e l d i n g
a major g l o b u l i n f r a c t i o n t h a t was homogeneous
between pH 3.0 and 1 2 . 0 , w i t h
i s o e l e c t r i c p o i n t a t p H 4 . 6 5 .
TAWDE, S . , and H.R. CAMA. 1962.
P h y s i c o - c h e m i c a l s t u d i e s on indigenous seed
p r o t e i n s . 5 . Amino a c i d c o m p o s i t i o n o f r e d
gram (Cajanus indicus) meal and g l o b u l i n
f r a c t i o n s . J . S c i . I n d u s t . Res. 21C:
162-163. 354
Amino a c i d s were e s t i m a t e d by c i r c u l a r
paper chromatography in r e d gram meal and
i t s t h r e e g l o b u l i n f r a c t i o n s . Except t h a t
p r o l i n e and t r y p t o p h a n were about t w i c e as
h i g h , v a l u e s f o r meal agreed f a i r l y w e l l
w i t h those o f o t h e r s . M e t h i o n i n e and
c y s t i n e , 0.20 and 0.89% of t h e m e a l , were
measurable i n o n l y one f r a c t i o n , 0.42 and
3.02%. This f r a c t i o n had most of the
e s s e n t i a l amino a c i d s b u t was poor i n
l y s i n e , t h r e o n i n e , and t r y p t o p h a n . No
h i s t i d i n e was f o u n d .
TAWDE, S . , and K.V. G I R I . 1960.
P h y s i c o - c h e m i c a l s t u d i e s on indigenous seed
p r o t e i n s . 4 . P e p t i z a t i o n o f r e d gram
(Cajanus indicus) p r o t e i n s and t h e i r c h a ­
r a c t e r i z a t i o n b y e l e c t r o p h o r e s i s . J . S c i .
I n d u s t . Res. 19C:190-194. 355
Cajanus indicus c o n t a i n s 23.81% p r o t e i n .
A m e a l - t o - w a t e r e x t r a c t a n t r a t i o of 1:5
s o l u b i l i z e s 80% of p r o t e i n s in 120 m i n .
The i s o e l e c t r i c ( p e r c e n t ) p o i n t s o f these
p r o t e i n s have been found to be about pH
4 . 0 . A l k a l i n e s a l t s are found t o b e b e t t e r
e x t r a c t a n t s o f p r o t e i n s . Sodium b i c a r b o ­
n a t e s o l u t i o n at a c o n c e n t r a t i o n of 0 . 0 0 1 M
proved t o b e t h e most e f f e c t i v e e x t r a c t a n t .
Maximum e l e c t r o p h o r e t i c s e p a r a t i o n of the
p r o t e i n components, one major and two m i n o r ,
occurs between pH 7 and 8 . 6 , i o n i c s t r e n g t h
0 . 1 .
TRIPATHI, R . D . , G.P. SRIVASTAVA, M.C. MISRA,
and S.C. SINHA. 1975.
Comparative s t u d i e s i n t h e q u a l i t y c h a r a c ­
t e r i s t i c s o f e a r l y and l a t e v a r i e t i e s o f
r e d gram (Cajanus c a j a n L . ) . I n d i a n J .
A g r i c . Chem. 8 ( 1 ) : 5 7 - 6 1 . 356
When grown under i d e n t i c a l c o n d i t i o n s ,
e i g h t l a t e - m a t u r i n g C . c a j a n c u l t i v a r s were
s u p e r i o r t o e i g h t e a r l y - m a t u r i n g c u l t i v a r s
i n seed y i e l d s ; 1000-seed w e i g h t ; d h a l
( s p l i t seeds) r e c o v e r y p e r c e n t a g e ; and
d h a l , p r o t e i n , and m e t h i o n i n e y i e l d s . The
e a r l y - m a t u r i n g c u l t i v a r s had h i g h e r seed
p r o t e i n c o n t e n t s (20.62 t o 25.5%) than
l a t e - m a t u r i n g ones (19.95 t o 21.75%);
m e t h i o n i n e c o n t e n t s were s i m i l a r .
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