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B i o c h e m i s t r y and N u t r i t i o n
The p h y t i n - p h o s p h o r u s c o n t e n t of 67 food
s t u f f s has been d e t e r m i n e d . In c e r e a l s a
h i g h percentage o f t o t a l phosphorus i s
p r e s e n t a s p h y t i n , w h i l e i n v e g e t a b l e s ,
w i t h c e r t a i n e x c e p t i o n s , the p h y t i n p e r ­
centage i s s m a l l o r a b s e n t . The condiments
and s p e c i e s i n v e s t i g a t e d i n g e n e r a l occupy
an i n t e r m e d i a t e p o s i t i o n . A l a r g e p r o p o r ­
t i o n o f the phosphorus i n p u l s e s a l s o
e x i s t s a s p h y t i n .
SUSHEELAMMA, N . S . , and M.V.L. RAO. 1974.
S u r f a c e - a c t i v e p r i n c i p l e i n b l a c k gram
(V. mungo) and i t s r o l e i n t h e t e x t u r e o f
leavened foods c o n t a i n i n g t h e legume.
J . S c i . F d A g r i c . 2 5 ( 6 ) : 6 6 5 - 6 7 3 . 346
A s u r f a c e - a c t i v e f r a c t i o n w i t h t h e charact
e r i s t i c s of a g l o b u l i n and an a r a b i n o -
g a l a c t a n type p o l y s a c c h a r i d e were shown to
occur in V. mungo. These two components
appeared t o b e r e s p o n s i b l e f o r t h e c h a r a c ­
t e r i s t i c t e x t u r e o f leavened foods c o n t a i n ­
i n g the legume. Lower f o a m - f o r m i n g
a c t i v i t y was found in C. arietinum,
V, radiata, and C. c a j a n .
SWAMINATHAN, M. 1938.
The r e l a t i v e amounts of the p r o t e i n and
n o n - p r o t e i n n i t r o g e n o u s c o n s t i t u e n t s
o c c u r r i n g i n food s t u f f s and t h e i r s i g n i ­
f i c a n c e i n d e t e r m i n a t i o n o f t h e d i g e s t i ­
b i l i t y c o e f f i c i e n t o f p r o t e i n s . I n d i a n
J. Med. Res. 25(4) :847-855. 3A7
The r e l a t i v e amounts of p r o t e i n and n o n p r o ­
t e i n n i t r o g e n o u s c o n s t i t u e n t s o c c u r r i n g i n
c e r t a i n c e r e a l s , p u l s e s , n u t s , o i l s e e d s ,
condiments, v e g e t a b l e s , and m i l k have been
determined by t h e S t u t z e r method. The
average amounts of n o n p r o t e i n n i t r o g e n
expressed a s p e r c e n t o f t o t a l n i t r o g e n
o c c u r r i n g i n t h e d i f f e r e n t groups o f f o o d ­
s t u f f s , were a s f o l l o w s : c e r e a l s 5 ;
p u l s e s 9 ; n u t s and o i l s e e d s 5 ; condiments
6; v e g e t a b l e s 1A; and m i l k 9%. If the
p r o t e i n c o n t e n t o f a f o o d i s d e t e r m i n e d
b y m u l t i p l y i n g t h e n i t r o g e n c o n t e n t b y
6 . 2 5 , t h e d i g e s t i b i l i t y c o e f f i c i e n t o f
p r o t e i n s may be u n d e r e s t i m a t e d , owing to
t h e presence o f v a r y i n g amounts o f n o n p r o ­
t e i n n i t r o g e n , which may b e p o o r l y a v a i l ­
a b l e i n d i g e s t i o n .
TARA, M.R., C.W. LEE, J . F . MORTON,
T . J . KAPADIA, and L . J . DUNHAM. 1974.
Sarcoma induced i n r a t s b y e x t r a c t s o f
p l a n t s and b y f r a c t i o n a t e d e x t r a c t s o f
Krameria irina. J. N a t l Cancer I n s t .
5 2 : 4 4 5 - 4 4 8 . 348
E i g h t p l a n t species were t e s t e d o n r a t s f o r
p r o d u c t i o n of esophageal cancer. Cajanua
i n d i c u s was n o t e f f e c t i v e i n causing cancer.
Cancers were caused by Acacia v i l l o s a r o o t ,
Melochia tomentoea, Heliotrophum angiospermum
and Krameria ixina. E x t r a c t s of
K. ixina w i t h t a n n i n s removed d i d n o t
cause cancer.
TARA, M.R., and M.V. RAMA RAO. 1972.
Changes i n e s s e n t i a l amino a c i d c o n t e n t o f
a r h a r d a l (Cajanus cajan) on d e h y d r a t i o n .
J. Fd S c i . T e c h n o l . 9 ( 2 ) : 7 6 . 349
Tryptophan and g l u t a m i c a c i d s were h i g h e r ,
and i s o l e u c i n e , v a l i n e , and t y r o s i n e i n
a r h a r d h a l were lower than t h a t r e p o r t e d i n
l i t e r a t u r e . P r e c o o k i n g and d r y i n g o f t h e
d h a l w i t h o r w i t h o u t Papain t r e a t m e n t was
found to have no s i g n i f i c a n t e f f e c t on t h e
p r o t e i n s c o r e s . M e t h i o n i n e f o l l o w e d b y
i s o l e u c i n e was the l i m i t i n g amino a c i d i n
t h e p r o t e i n s o f t h e d h a l , raw o r p r o c e s s e d .
TARA, M.R., and M.V. RAMA RAO. 1975.
Changes i n f r e e amino a c i d s o f a r h a r d h a l
(Cajanus cajan) i n p r o c e s s i n g . J . F d S c i .
T e c h n o l . 12(2) : 7 1 - 7 4 . 350
N e a r l y 40% of t h e n i n h y d r i n p o s i t i v e
c o n s t i t u e n t s were comprised o f p e p t i d e s ,
m o s t l y g l u t a m y l p e p t i d e s , o f p h e n y l a l a n i n e .
A l l n a t u r a l amino a c i d s were found t o b e
p r e s e n t , g l u t a m i c a c i d b e i n g h i g h e s t , w i t h
asparagine and g l u t a m i n e n e x t . D u r i n g
p r o c e s s i n g o f the d h a l , a s l i g h t i n c r e a s e
i n p e p t i d e s was f o u n d . F a r t o f t h e a l a n i n e
appears to be bound to p r o t e i n s in such a
way t h a t i t i s r e l e a s e d b y t h e m i l d h y d r o -
l y t i c c o n d i t i o n s o f p r o c e s s i n g . A r g i n i n e
( 7 . 5 µ m o l e / g ) was found in h i g h e r amounts
than o t h e r amino a c i d s .
TARA, M.R., T . N . RAWAL, and M.V.R. RAO.
1972.
E f f e c t o f p r o c e s s i n g o n t h e p r o t e i n s o f
a r h a r d h a l (Cajanus c a j a n ) . I n d i a n J .
N u t r . D i e t e t . 9 : 2 0 8 - 2 1 2 . 351
Percentage o f p r o t e i n s e x t r a c t e d b y v a r i o u s
s o l v e n t s was d e t e r m i n e d , and was 28.6 f o r
water and 65.9 f o r NaCl s o l u t i o n . P e r c e n ­
tage e x t r a c t e d by w a t e r was 33.3 f o r p r e -
cooked and dehydrated d h a l (PD); 4 4 . 2 f o r
p a p a i n - t r e a t e d d h a l (PTD); b y NaCl s o l u t i o n
20.0 and 2 4 . 1 r e s p e c t i v e l y . Free amino
a c i d c o n t e n t decreased w i t h p r o c e s s i n g b u t
was h i g h e r f o r PTD than f o r PD. E x t r a c t s
of processed d h a l were a u t o c l a v e d f o r 30
min a t 1 5 l b p r e s s u r e . Percentage s o l u b l e
p r o t e i n s r e m a i n i n g i n s o l u t i o n was 8 0 t o
100 showing t h a t heat d e n a t u r a t i o n had
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