EnOcean Dolphin - Hardware Conference

ISO/IEC 14543-3-10
a wireless standard optimised for
Energy Harvesting
Green. Smart. Wireless.
John Corbett
Director EnOcean GmbH UK

Wireless Sensing Technology saves resources
Every 10 million wireless switches & sensors installed instead
of wired devices can save :
50,000 miles of cable
3,000 tons copper / 7,100 tons PVC with 20,000 tons of CO2
Thousands of man years of installation time
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The design of wireless Energy Harvesting devices
Wireless monitoring and control system using batteries
have be available for some time.
But batteries are costly and not eco friendly needing:-
Tracking
Monitoring
Stocking
Access & Replacement
Disposal
Wireless batteryless solutions are now achievable
through use of innovative energy harvesting
techniques
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Types of ambient harvesters
Switches
Thermostats
gas sensors
pirs etc...
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EnOcean Wireless Standard
High Reliability
License free 868 and 315 MHz band with 1% duty cycle
Radio design for immunity against interference
Multiple telegram with checksum maximize reliability
Short telegrams generate low collision probability with high sensor density
Full Coverage
10 mW and receiver sensitivity allow 10-30m in buildings (300m line of
sight)
Repeater available for simple coverage extension
Prepared for wireless network structures
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ISO/IEC 14543-3-10 – a new International
Standard
ISO/IEC 14543-3-10 Information technology – Home Electronic Systems
(HES)
Part 3-10: Wireless Short-Packet (WSP) protocol optimized for
energy harvesting -- Architecture and lower layer protocols
The only wireless standard developed for ultra low energy consumption
suitable for use with energy harvesting
Ratified and published by International Electro technical Commission (IEC) –
leading global organization for international standards for all electrical,
electronic and related technologies. Completely open standard can be
downloaded at www.iso.org
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EnOcean – a new International Standard
The EnOcean Alliance standardizes the
application level (interoperability)
The ISO standard offers physical layer,
data link layer and network layer
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ISO Format
Standard Layer Services Data Units
Application
EnOcean Equipment profiles EEP
RPC/RMCC Handling
DATA
Not defined in the standard
Presentation
Radio Telegram Processing
Encryption
DATA
Session
NOT USED
Transport
Smart Ack
Remote Management
TELEGRAM / MESSAGE
Destination addressed telegrams
( Encapsulation/Decapsulation)
Network
Switch telegram conversion
TELEGRAM
(RORG and STATUS processing)
ISO/IEC 14543
Specification
Data Link Layer
Repeating (STATUS processing)
Subtelegram Structure
Hash algorithms
Subtelegram Timing
SUBTELEGRAM
Listen before talk
Physical
Encoding/Decoding (INV and SYNC)
Wireless receiving/transmitting
BITS / FRAME
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ISO layer Details
Physical layer
Data transmitted on either 315 MHz or 868.3 MHz
125 kBit/s data Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK).
One bit duration is 8 µs.
transmitted in frames as a bit by bit serial sequence
A frame consists of the preamble (PRE), the start-of-frame sequence (SOF), the encoded bytes (with inverse
(INV) and synchronization (SYNC) bits), and the end-of-frame sequence (EOF).
Data description
The communication protocol is packet based and the data units can be
Frame , Subtelegram or Telegram
A subtelegram is the result of a decoding process, in which control (PRE, SOF, INV and EOF) and synchronization
information are removed from the frame.
The subtelegrams are handled in the data link layer.
The protocol is designed to work mostly as a unidirectional protocol
without handshaking. To ensure transmission reliability three identical
subtelegrams are transmitted within a certain time range.
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ISO layer details
Data link layer
The subtelegram is transferred to the data link layer
data integrity of the subtelegram is checked.
subtelegram timing is based on an algorithm which makes sure that
subtelegram collisions in the air are as low as possible.
listen before talk (LBT) technique is used where possible .
Network layer
conversion between switch and normal telegrams
repeating process, for range extension
targeting process if the telegram is addressed (normal = broadcast)
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EnOcean Technology
IPR: Intellectual Property Rights
ISO: International Organization for Standardization
IEC: International Electro technical Commission
EEP: EnOcean Equipment Profiles
RF: Radio Frequency
Page 11

EnOcean Wireless Sensor Network
System Architecture with uni- and bi-directional communication
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System Concept
Self-powered Sensor
TRANSMIT ONLY
Unidirectional
• Self-powered radio switch
• Self-powered room temp.
sensor (with presence signals)
• etc.
PTM & STM
Actuator
UNIDIRECTIONAL
Line powered
• Switching actuator
• Dimmer
• etc.
RCM
Sensor
BIDIRECTIONAL
Line / battery powered
• Sensor measurement cycle
times within ms range
• Sensor with routing/repeating
capabilities (AMR, fire
detector)
TCM300
Self-powered Sensor
SMART ACK
Receive data time slot
• Room thermostat with display
• Remote control with signal
reception acknowledge
• etc. STM300
Actuator
BIDIRECTIONAL
Line powered
• Central units and Gateways
• Actuator with repeating or
routing capabilities
• etc.
TCM
Wireless Actuator
SMART ACK
Harvester / Battery powered
• Heating valve actuator
• etc.
STM300
Communication Path
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2 way comms is possible with harvesting devices
sd Smart ACK with Repeater - Operating
S
Energy Harvesting
sensor
S
PM
Repeater
C
Controller
{Is Post Master}
Data()
Data Reply()
Save Acknowledge
to Mailbox()
On during this
very short time
interval is the
receiver of S
turn on to get an
“ack“
opt data ack
[sensor wants ack]
Data Reclaim()
Data Acknowledge()
time
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The EnOcean Chip Specification
Specific System-on-chip that integrates
EnOcean wireless standard
868 MHz (R&TEE) and 315 MHz (FCC)
Processor & control functions
Comprehensive peripherals
Application programmable API
Energy & sensor management
Ultra-low-power WDT, Voltage Limiter, Threshold
Detector and RAM0
Superior Low Energy Need
Deep Sleep Timer Mode
Flywheel Sleep Mode
Short Term Sleep Mode
Standby Mode
CPU Mode
TX (868MHz, 6dBm)
RX (868MHz)
~220nA
~720nA
~10µA
~1.4mA
~4mA
~24mA
~33mA
Page 15

Charge management
Low
Resistance,
Low
Leakage
Low Leakage , Super
Cap or PAS ( Poly
Acenic Semiconductor
Page 16

Current Security ID Authentication
• Standard EnOcean ID
• Every telegram sent contains a 32bit ID
identifying the sender
• Security measures to protect against
misuse
• Unique Module ID
ID management and burning at manufacturing site
EnOcean firmware ensures a unique Chip ID that
cannot be replicated
• Special Purpose ID
pre-programmed BaseID
up to 128 IDs from BaseID+0 .. BaseID+127
BaseID can be modified up to 10 times
Page 17

SECURITY New Enhancements
• Rolling Code – Fraud Resistant
against replay attack
• Copy & Paste attack
• Copy & Change attack
• Change rolling code and use message
authentication
• Encryption – Tap Proof against
eavesdropper
• Read out sensor data
• Encrypted data “unreadable” for
eavesdropper
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Protocol constrains
• Telegram payload
• Max. 13 bytes
• Typ. 1 – 4 bytes
• 90 % of energy harvesting
transmitters are unidirectional
• Harvester and transmitter are highly
optimized
• Energy budget
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Security Algorithm overview
> Titel der Präsentation > Autor > 05.06.2013

EnOcean radio protocol stack and security layer
- Teach In Telegrams
Wire
Application
Air
EnOcean Equipment Profiles
Remote Management
Smart Acknowledge
EnOcean Serial
Protocol
Security
EnOcean Radio
Protocol
RS232 – UART 868.3, 315, 902
MHz (Radio)

Encryption in Radio Telegrams – Data
En- \ decapsulation of non-secure RORG
Non-secure
RORG DATA TXID STATUS
Secure
0x31 RORG ENC_DATA RLC CMAC TXID STATUS
VAES
Variable AES 128
AES-CBC
AES 128 Cipherblock
chaining

EnOcean System Architecture
Energy Harvesting
Self-powered wireless sensors from EnOcean
collect and save the tiniest amounts of energy
from their environment
Enocean Modules
Easy to integrate
For fast and low-cost equipment development
868 , 315, 902 MHz to meet various country
requirements
Software
A Powerful & Easy to Use Operation System
For modular and versatile, user-friendly
integration in applications
Enocean Wireless - ISO Standard
ISO/IEC 14543-3-10 Information technology Home
Electronic Systems (HES)
Page 23

Module Platforms
Page 24

Energy Harvesting Wireless Switch Modules
PTM 210 – ideal for energy harvesting wireless switches
ECO 200 and PTM 330 – the perfect combination for unique
switch applications
Page 25

Energy Harvesting Wireless Sensor Modules
STM 300 – ideal for bidirectional energy harvesting wireless sensors or
innovative actuators
STM 3xy series – ideal for a variety of energy harvesting wireless
sensors, such as window contacts, temperature or humidity sensors
Page 26

Wireless Receiver & Transceiver Modules
TCM 300, TCM 310, TCM 320 and USB 300 – ideal for permanently
powered system components
Page 27

Mechanical Energy (1): –
Linear Movement and Button Push
"Plug & Play" Light Switch Module
Contact nipples
for switch rocker
identification
Rotation axis for
push buttons or
switch rockers
Power converter,
Processor, HF radio
and antenna
Energy bow on
both device sides
Electrodynamic
Energy Converter
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Mechanical Energy -
Mechanical Energy Harvesting Product Examples
Page 29

Light Energy – Light Intensity
Indoor
Outdoor
Thin Film Solar Cell:
1cm 2 active Area
Power, from Low Cost Thin Film Solar Cells
Page 30

Light Energy - Typical Illumination Intensities
School
Blackboard
General class room
500 - 1000 lx
300 - 500 lx
Office Building
PC workplace
Conference room
Corridor
200 - 500 lx
300 - 700 lx
50 - 100 lx
Hotel
Reception
Restaurant
Staircase
300 - 700 lx
150 - 300 lx
50 - 150 lx
Page 31

Using a Peltier Element for power
The voltage generated from Peltier
elements are very low requiring
innovative DC-DC conversion
n
~ 100
20 mV 3 V
ECT 310
ECT 310
DC/DC
Converter
The ECT310, is a low-cost ultra low
voltage DC/DC converter that uses a
highly innovative blocking oscillator
design.
2+ Kelvin temperature difference on the
Peltier device gives around 20 mV to 50
mV corresponding to an output voltage
range between 3V to 4 V from the ECT
310.
Page 32

Thermo-powered Wireless Actuator
~100 μW energy available at 7 Kelvin temperature difference
Actuator Application
Enough energy is available to
power some intermittently powered
actuators !
Page 33

Inductive Harvesting
Inductive Harvesting using the STM300 – This CT from Cloud
Buildings charges every sec from the induced current from a cable
and sends a reading every other second
Page 34

M2M End Nodes
Using Energy Harvesting devices as end
nodes is ideal for M2M wireless networks
where, typically, there is an ‘always on’
device being used such as a GPRS or an
internet gateway.
TCP/IP
GPRS /
Ethernet
M2M wireless networks benefit from energy
harvesting technology
eliminates the need for battery replacement,
making them ideal in hostile or inaccessible
areas .
Give a step change in longevity
Environmentally friendly as no toxic chemicals
are used or disposed of
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Typical Gateway uses
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EnOcean Link
Data ->
Action ->
Temperature = 25 °C
Humidity = 80 %
Illumination = 200 lx
etc.
6. Provides as output decoded
values
5. Decodes raw data into real
values
Data ->
Action ->
4. Extracts raw Sensor Data
3. Handles all Security
relevant tasks
Data ->
Data ->
… 0x21, 0x25, 0xAA, 0x48, 0x44 ...
2. Recognises Messages
1. Gets an input UART Datastream
Preliminary
Page 37

EnOcean Sensor Network
Smart
Sensor
Smart
Actuator
Line
powered
Actuator
Solar
Sensor
GATEWAY
Local
Controller
Actuator
Actuator /
Receiver
Kinetic
powered
Switch
Thermoelectric
powered
Sensor
Bidirectional
Transceiver
devices
Battery-less
Transmitter
devices
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EnOcean in Lighting and Energy control systems
Page 39

Over 250,000 Buildings "enabled by EnOcean"
Commercial / Offices
Medical / Assisted Living
Industrial
Residential
Hospitality Historical Retail
Schools (K-12, Universities)
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EnOcean Alliance
Non for profit legal entity
Owned by “promoters”
Standardization of radio interface
Global marketing of solution
200+ Customers have integrated
EnOcean’s solution and created
more than 850 interoperable
products!
200+ members from all
Award Winning
Green Technology
Page 41

Support by EnOcean
Application Engineering
Hardware & Software
Located in Germany & North America
www.enocean.com/support/
Knowledge Base & System Specification
www.enocean.com/knowledge-base/
Tutorial Videos
Application Notes
www.enocean.com/application-notes/
Social Media
www.enocean.com/en/social-media/
Magazine Perpetuum
http://www.enocean.com/en/perpetuum/
Page 42

Thank you for
your attention.
Page 43
John Corbett
john.corbett@enocean.com

Harvesting Heat differentials
Heat
PELTIER / SEEBECK effect
A thermoelectric device creates a voltage when
-
- N +
P
+
there is a different temperature on 2 junctions of 2
metals, a property discovered by Seebeck in 1821.
Conversely when a voltage is applied, it creates a
temperature difference (known as the Peltier effect).
Cold ( heat sink)
A heat source will drive electrons
in the n-type element toward the
cooler region, creating a current
through the circuit.
Holes in the p-type element will
then flow in the direction of the
current. The current can then be
used to power a load.
There are a number of low cost Peltier elements
available and these can be used ‘in reverse’ as
generators for small wireless monitors.
Standard thermoelectric modules manufactured today
consist of P- and N-doped bismuth-telluride
semiconductors sandwiched between two metallised
ceramic plates
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