L. Fituni, I. Abramova Resource Potential of Africa and Russia's ...

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The mineral resource base (MRB) of solid minerals plays an important role in the Russian economy. Four independent markedly different tectonic provinces distinguished in the district have peculiar structural/tectonic, magmatic, and metallogenic features that determine the MRB specificity and potentialities. The priority minerals are ferrous, non-ferrous, rare earth, and noble metals, apatite ore, and building and facing stone. The comparison of the structure and fundamental issues characteristic to each of the natural resources bases provides us with a valuable tool for assessing their relative potential of Africa and Russia as players at the global commodities markets. Natural resources potential of Africa is over 25% of the world’s reserves. Unlike Russia, the majority of African countries have hardly reached the industrialization level, many of them remaining at earlier stages or being overwhelmingly agricultural. Natural resources account for over 97 percent Africa’s combined national wealth. There are large deposits of fuel and energy resources and minerals. As noted above, Africa is a key global supplier of fuel resources, minerals, vital for modern industries, gold, platinum, diamonds, etc. Although mineral production is widespread, mining of particular minerals is concentrated in a limited number of countries. Zambia and Zaire account for 69 percent of world cobalt and 12 percent of world copper mine production; Guinea is the world's second largest bauxite producer; Sierra Leone the world's second largest rutile producer; Zimbabwe the third largest producer of asbestos; and Gabon the third largest manganese producer. Three African countries, Gabon, Namibia and Niger, account for 24 percent of world uranium production. Africa suffers from a large shortfall between geological potential and mineral development. This is directly related to insufficient exploration work. Most exploration is based on similarities of geological settings. Exploration activity, as defined by African exploration budgets increased by 19% to $1.9 billion in 2008 from about $1.6 billion in 2007. The share of Africa exploration in the total worldwide explo- 65
ation budget decreased slightly to about 15% in 2008. In 2008, the principal mineral commodities of interest for exploration in Africa were base metals, diamond, gold, PGM, and uranium. 4 Exploration was focused primarily in (in order of the number of sites being actively explored) South Africa, Zambia, Namibia, Tanzania, Congo (Kinshasa), Ghana, Burkina Faso, and Mali, but activity also took place in a number of other countries. Gold targets accounted for approximately 33% of reported African exploration projects; Platinum group metals (PGM) made up about 15%; copper and diamond each represented about 13%; uranium made up about 12%; and base metals made up about 7%. Based on the number of active exploration sites, early-stage projects composed about 53% of the 2008 activity, whereas producing projects accounted for about 24% and feasibility stage projects represented about 16%. 5 Below, we provide a comparison of the structure and performance of competitive extractive industries, in respectively Africa and Russia, for the key strategically important minerals mentioned in the first chapter. Bauxites and Alumina. 6 In 2008, African production of refined aluminum decreased by 5% compared with that of 2007. South Africa accounted for about 47% of African aluminum output; Mozambique, 31%; and Egypt, 15%. Africa accounted for 4% of the world’s aluminum production in 2008. In Mozambique and South Africa, production decreased because of power supply constraints. African bauxite production increased by 5% in 2008. In Guinea, production increased at Compagnie des Bauxites de Guinée and Compagnie des Bauxites de Kindia’s mines. Output decreased at the Sierra Mineral Mine in Sierra Leone. Guinea accounted for about 91% of African bauxite production, and Sierra Leone, 5%. In 2008, Africa’s share of world bauxite production was 9%. In 2008, world aluminum consumption amounted to 36.9 million metric tons (Mt) compared with 37.2 Mt in 2007. Africa accounted for about 2% of world aluminum consumption in 2008. The production of refined aluminum is expected to increase by an average of about 3% per year from 2008 to 2015. Unrest in Egypt in early 2011 negatively affected production at the Nag Hammadi. 66
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ABOUT THE AUTHORS: Dr. IRINA ABRAMO
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330.324.22 330.123.72 351.823.003 3
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INTRODUCTION IN THE GLOBALIZED WORL
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At certain stages of their history,
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tives. The authors are not describi
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cations, including monographs 1 and
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arena by the loftiest goals and ide
Page 16 and 17: quence, their role in the world eco
Page 18 and 19: thus the last seller of the commodi
Page 20 and 21: Table 1.1.2. World chromium product
Page 22 and 23: Table 1.1.3. World cobalt productio
Page 24 and 25: shore in many parts of the world. L
Page 26 and 27: Though US totally depends on import
Page 28 and 29: isk of supply shortage in the next
Page 30 and 31: long been obsolete, do exist and te
Page 32 and 33: a European-African energy forum; th
Page 34 and 35: upon the same ideology: the new roa
Page 36 and 37: Force. At the request of the UN Sec
Page 38 and 39: - The United States has sole jurisd
Page 40 and 41: uses to track terrorists. Algerian
Page 42 and 43: sum, in exchange for terminating th
Page 44 and 45: UK, Greece, Italy and Spain during
Page 46 and 47: ing Angola’s large oil resources
Page 48 and 49: China concluded two major M&A deals
Page 50 and 51: the continent. To help African coun
Page 52 and 53: egy with regard to Sudan and Zimbab
Page 54 and 55: some price-related difficulties for
Page 56 and 57: 100,000 students from almost every
Page 58 and 59: 15 U.S. Geological Survey, Mineral
Page 60 and 61: CHAPTER 2 Natural Resource Potentia
Page 62 and 63: tion in the global division of labo
Page 64 and 65: of other nations (manifest in an ex
Page 68 and 69: In Nigeria, the smelter at Ikot Aba
Page 70 and 71: ite production at Komi to reach 6.5
Page 72 and 73: depletion. In South Africa, output
Page 74 and 75: 25-26 thousand tons of copper conce
Page 76 and 77: Country 75 Cost Ranges Namibia 0 20
Page 78 and 79: The Elkon district, Southern Yakuti
Page 80 and 81: ites and Miocene sediments extendin
Page 82 and 83: South, Etango and Valencia alaskite
Page 84 and 85: of competitiveness by similar produ
Page 86 and 87: tive scenario, the above goals will
Page 88 and 89: The concept of resource efficiency
Page 90 and 91: vately owned. The leading enterpris
Page 92 and 93: In this respect African and Russian
Page 94 and 95: Table 2.2.2. Distribution of capita
Page 96 and 97: will allow the project to overcome
Page 98 and 99: World prices on all types of minera
Page 100 and 101: 2.3. Competitors or Partners? Russi
Page 102 and 103: Soviet organizations supplied Alger
Page 104 and 105: that the gas crisis between Russia
Page 106 and 107: The second LUKOIL project in Egypt
Page 108 and 109: The agreement was finally signed du
Page 110 and 111: pany “Slavneft” would join a co
Page 112 and 113: DRC to extract copper and cobalt in
Page 114 and 115: for 22 years in 2002 Friguia refine
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licenses. They are the only Russian
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that the main aims were inter-alia
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Agency to develop plans for up to 4
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pit nickel mine and the Selkirk und
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deposit also contains a Peridotite-
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and Eastern parts of the EPL 3850 p
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Russian economy and the specifics o
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34 . 2009. C. 366- 368. 35 John St
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CHAPTER 3 Project RUSSAFRICA: Towar
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copra, spices, other products of tr
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This theoretic and scientific aura
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and technical cooperation with Afri
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higher and specialized secondary ed
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used and repaid part of the credit.
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exploitation of projects. Soviet ex
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At the same time we recognize that
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For the Soviet Union, solidarity wi
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disappeared together with their ass
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cial Representative of the Presiden
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countries and minimize the adverse
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The principled line in support of A
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Exports of Russian raw materials to
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of Su-30MKA fighters. At the same t
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etc. He also remarked that since th
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However, there are harbingers of a
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There was a good demand in Egypt fo
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Another promising sphere for Russia
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Lada users in Egypt. In 2010, a new
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All these companies have permanent
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ment of the Russian Federation 105
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As of mid 2010, other areas of econ
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cooperation and hydrocarbon product
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tion." The participants in the Raba
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2009 consisted of such traditional
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From October 21-23, 2010, the Fourt
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(May 2009), and Ugandan President Y
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Russia provided humanitarian aid to
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Nigeria’s Share in Russia’s Imp
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supplies only it is either a blatan
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On the initiative of the Ethiopian
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- Automotive and components - Capit
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led by the two Chambers and attende
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coal mixture of a new generation. T
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cial architecture and food safety a
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The talks in Luanda led the two cou
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9 Annual Report of Alexander Saltan
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CONCLUSIONS THE RESULTS OF THE UNDE
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interpretations is the intensifying
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Leonid FITUNI and Irina ABRAMOVA RE
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