L. Fituni, I. Abramova Resource Potential of Africa and Russia's ...

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isk of supply shortage in the next 10 years and which are particularly important for the value chain. The supply risk is linked to the concentration of production in a handful of countries, and the low political and economic stability of some of the suppliers. This risk is in many cases compounded by low substitutability and low recycling rates. 18 Table 1.1.5. Concentration of global production, EU import dependency and recycling and substitution rates of critical raw materials Raw materials Antimony Beryllium Cobalt Fluorspar Main producers (2008, 2009) Main sources of imports into EU (2007, or 2006) 27 Import dependency rate Recycling rate China 91% Bolivia 77% 100% 0,64 11% Bolivia 2% China 15% Russia 2% Peru 6% South Africa 2% USA 85% China 14% Mozambique 1% USA, Canada, China, Brazil (*) 100% DRC 41% DRC 71% 100% 0,9 16% Canada 11% Russia 19% Zambia 9% Tanzania 5% China 59% China 27% 69% 0,9 0% Mexico 18% South Africa 25% Mongolia 6% Mexico 24% Gallium NA USA, Russia (*) (*) 0,74 0% Substitutability Germanium Graphite Indium China 72% China 72% 100% 0,8 0% Russia 4% USA 19% USA 3% Hong Kong 7% China 72% China 75% 95% 0,5 0% India 13% Brazil 8% NA Brazil 7% Madagascar 3% Canada 3% China 58% China 81% 100% 0,9 0,30% Japan 11% Hong Kong 4%
Raw materials Substitutability Magnesium Niobium Platinum group metals Rare earths Main producers (2008, 2009) Korea 9% USA 4% Main sources of imports into EU (2007, or 2006) Canada 9% Singapore 4% 28 Import dependency rate Recycling rate China 56% China 82% 100% 0,82 14% Turkey 12% Israel 9% Russia 7% Norway 3% Russia 3% Brazil 92% Brazil 84% 100% 0,7 11% Canada 7% Canada 16% South Africa 79% South Africa 60% Russia 11% Russia 32% Zimbabwe 3% Norway 4% 100% 0,75 35% China 97% China 90% 100% 0,87 1% India 2% Russia 9% Brazil 1% Kazakhstan 1% Tantalum Australia 48% China 46% 100% 0,4 4% Brazil 16% Japan 40% Rwanda 9% Kazakhstan 14% DRC 9% Tungsten China 78% (6,1) Russia 76% 73% 0,77 37% Russia 5% (6,5) Bolivia 7% Canada 4% Ruanda 13% Notes: (*) subject to strong fluctuations; Russia and African countries are printed in bold italics. Source: Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions Tackling the Challenges in Commodity Markets and on Raw Materials. Brussels, 2.2.2011 COM (2011) 25 final. Understandably, given the current shortage of resources in the world, the former metropolitan state cannot afford losing ground even to their strategic allies or partners in integration associations, let alone to the emerging rivals from Asia or Latin America. In other words, inter-imperialist contradiction in Africa, even if the term has
Page 1 and 2: ABOUT THE AUTHORS: Dr. IRINA ABRAMO
Page 3 and 4: 330.324.22 330.123.72 351.823.003 3
Page 6 and 7: INTRODUCTION IN THE GLOBALIZED WORL
Page 8 and 9: At certain stages of their history,
Page 10 and 11: tives. The authors are not describi
Page 12 and 13: cations, including monographs 1 and
Page 14 and 15: arena by the loftiest goals and ide
Page 16 and 17: quence, their role in the world eco
Page 18 and 19: thus the last seller of the commodi
Page 20 and 21: Table 1.1.2. World chromium product
Page 22 and 23: Table 1.1.3. World cobalt productio
Page 24 and 25: shore in many parts of the world. L
Page 26 and 27: Though US totally depends on import
Page 30 and 31: long been obsolete, do exist and te
Page 32 and 33: a European-African energy forum; th
Page 34 and 35: upon the same ideology: the new roa
Page 36 and 37: Force. At the request of the UN Sec
Page 38 and 39: - The United States has sole jurisd
Page 40 and 41: uses to track terrorists. Algerian
Page 42 and 43: sum, in exchange for terminating th
Page 44 and 45: UK, Greece, Italy and Spain during
Page 46 and 47: ing Angola’s large oil resources
Page 48 and 49: China concluded two major M&A deals
Page 50 and 51: the continent. To help African coun
Page 52 and 53: egy with regard to Sudan and Zimbab
Page 54 and 55: some price-related difficulties for
Page 56 and 57: 100,000 students from almost every
Page 58 and 59: 15 U.S. Geological Survey, Mineral
Page 60 and 61: CHAPTER 2 Natural Resource Potentia
Page 62 and 63: tion in the global division of labo
Page 64 and 65: of other nations (manifest in an ex
Page 66 and 67: The mineral resource base (MRB) of
Page 68 and 69: In Nigeria, the smelter at Ikot Aba
Page 70 and 71: ite production at Komi to reach 6.5
Page 72 and 73: depletion. In South Africa, output
Page 74 and 75: 25-26 thousand tons of copper conce
Page 76 and 77: Country 75 Cost Ranges Namibia 0 20
Page 78 and 79:
The Elkon district, Southern Yakuti
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ites and Miocene sediments extendin
Page 82 and 83:
South, Etango and Valencia alaskite
Page 84 and 85:
of competitiveness by similar produ
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tive scenario, the above goals will
Page 88 and 89:
The concept of resource efficiency
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vately owned. The leading enterpris
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In this respect African and Russian
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Table 2.2.2. Distribution of capita
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will allow the project to overcome
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World prices on all types of minera
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2.3. Competitors or Partners? Russi
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Soviet organizations supplied Alger
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that the gas crisis between Russia
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The second LUKOIL project in Egypt
Page 108 and 109:
The agreement was finally signed du
Page 110 and 111:
pany “Slavneft” would join a co
Page 112 and 113:
DRC to extract copper and cobalt in
Page 114 and 115:
for 22 years in 2002 Friguia refine
Page 116 and 117:
licenses. They are the only Russian
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that the main aims were inter-alia
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Agency to develop plans for up to 4
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pit nickel mine and the Selkirk und
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deposit also contains a Peridotite-
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and Eastern parts of the EPL 3850 p
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Russian economy and the specifics o
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34 . 2009. C. 366- 368. 35 John St
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CHAPTER 3 Project RUSSAFRICA: Towar
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copra, spices, other products of tr
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This theoretic and scientific aura
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and technical cooperation with Afri
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higher and specialized secondary ed
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used and repaid part of the credit.
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exploitation of projects. Soviet ex
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At the same time we recognize that
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For the Soviet Union, solidarity wi
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disappeared together with their ass
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cial Representative of the Presiden
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countries and minimize the adverse
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The principled line in support of A
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Exports of Russian raw materials to
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of Su-30MKA fighters. At the same t
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etc. He also remarked that since th
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However, there are harbingers of a
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There was a good demand in Egypt fo
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Another promising sphere for Russia
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Lada users in Egypt. In 2010, a new
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All these companies have permanent
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ment of the Russian Federation 105
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As of mid 2010, other areas of econ
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cooperation and hydrocarbon product
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tion." The participants in the Raba
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2009 consisted of such traditional
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From October 21-23, 2010, the Fourt
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(May 2009), and Ugandan President Y
Page 188 and 189:
Russia provided humanitarian aid to
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Nigeria’s Share in Russia’s Imp
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supplies only it is either a blatan
Page 194 and 195:
On the initiative of the Ethiopian
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- Automotive and components - Capit
Page 198 and 199:
led by the two Chambers and attende
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coal mixture of a new generation. T
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cial architecture and food safety a
Page 204 and 205:
The talks in Luanda led the two cou
Page 206 and 207:
9 Annual Report of Alexander Saltan
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CONCLUSIONS THE RESULTS OF THE UNDE
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interpretations is the intensifying
Page 212:
Leonid FITUNI and Irina ABRAMOVA RE
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