L. Fituni, I. Abramova Resource Potential of Africa and Russia's ...

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CONCLUSIONS THE RESULTS OF THE UNDERTAKEN research allow to draw a number of conclusions that go beyond the regional or sectoral scope. They are linked with the changing roles of Russia and Africa in the global economy, and more precisely in the emerging new economic model of world. In the new model their role is not limited to that of subordinated suppliers of raw materials to global economic centers of power. Slowly but surely they emerge as dominant players in the world commodity markets, being able to provision the “global economic engines” with the raw materials, whose global stocks are invariably depleting. The global markets of raw materials as a whole, on the other hand, are increasingly acquiring the characteristics of the so called ‘Economics of Shortage’. One of the results of this research, which may be important both to the theory of ‘International Economics’ as a branch of economic science and for commercial practice, is the identification of an important type of transition in the world economy. It is no longer the transition of social and economic systems that shapes the conditions of the global economy, (like transition from planned to market economies did in late 1980s and till early 2000s). A qualitatively novel global economic process is under way: a process of a steady and increasingly accelerating transformation of the global natural resources (raw materials) market from “the buyer’s market” into “the seller’s one”. This core process brings about tectonic geopolitical and geo-economic shifts, fundamental in their nature and global in scope. The consequences of this 207
change will shape the global economic development (and, in fact, the international relations) for al least the next 50 to 70 years. It is important to emphasize that by this statement we are not referring to individual commodity markets – in which case – the ‘buyer-seller’ contraposition is volatile and varies in short– to medium-term periods. We are speaking about a higher level of theoretical abstraction – about a unified category of the world market of raw materials as an element of the system that is called “Global Economy’. It is the deepening shortage of natural resources, which is one of the true and fundamental reasons for the worsening and latent local, regional and global crises in the new millennium. The presence or absence of natural resources have direct effects on people's living standards, prospects of social and economic development of states, stability of the world economy and international security. The resources issue will dominate not only the international agenda but also the domestic one. It will remain a true underlying cause of international tensions and even wars, as well as social upheavals and revolutions within national borders. Despite all the dissimilarity and belonging to different subgroups in terms of socioeconomic development, Russia and Africa are akin for being among the few remaining world regions with plentiful and not completely depleted resources (in company, perhaps, with Brazil and some regions in Asia). This fact, to a significant extent, determines their present position in the world economy and politics and makes them targets of expansion and international pressures, which will have the tendency to increase during the next decade. In these conditions the new partnerships are vital for each of them, since such partnership represent alternative pillars for their sustained development and progress. Co-operation with new emerging economic centers, within the BRICS and South-South frameworks are equally important. Unfortunately, Russia's expanding economic cooperation with the developing countries, and particularly with Africa, is often interpreted as a threat by the West. The actual underlying reason for such 208
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ABOUT THE AUTHORS: Dr. IRINA ABRAMO
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330.324.22 330.123.72 351.823.003 3
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INTRODUCTION IN THE GLOBALIZED WORL
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At certain stages of their history,
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tives. The authors are not describi
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cations, including monographs 1 and
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arena by the loftiest goals and ide
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quence, their role in the world eco
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thus the last seller of the commodi
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Table 1.1.2. World chromium product
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Table 1.1.3. World cobalt productio
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shore in many parts of the world. L
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Though US totally depends on import
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isk of supply shortage in the next
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long been obsolete, do exist and te
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a European-African energy forum; th
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upon the same ideology: the new roa
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Force. At the request of the UN Sec
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- The United States has sole jurisd
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uses to track terrorists. Algerian
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sum, in exchange for terminating th
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UK, Greece, Italy and Spain during
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ing Angola’s large oil resources
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China concluded two major M&A deals
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the continent. To help African coun
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egy with regard to Sudan and Zimbab
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some price-related difficulties for
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100,000 students from almost every
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15 U.S. Geological Survey, Mineral
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CHAPTER 2 Natural Resource Potentia
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tion in the global division of labo
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of other nations (manifest in an ex
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The mineral resource base (MRB) of
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In Nigeria, the smelter at Ikot Aba
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ite production at Komi to reach 6.5
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depletion. In South Africa, output
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25-26 thousand tons of copper conce
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Country 75 Cost Ranges Namibia 0 20
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The Elkon district, Southern Yakuti
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ites and Miocene sediments extendin
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South, Etango and Valencia alaskite
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of competitiveness by similar produ
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tive scenario, the above goals will
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The concept of resource efficiency
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vately owned. The leading enterpris
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In this respect African and Russian
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Table 2.2.2. Distribution of capita
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will allow the project to overcome
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World prices on all types of minera
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2.3. Competitors or Partners? Russi
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Soviet organizations supplied Alger
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that the gas crisis between Russia
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The second LUKOIL project in Egypt
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The agreement was finally signed du
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pany “Slavneft” would join a co
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DRC to extract copper and cobalt in
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for 22 years in 2002 Friguia refine
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licenses. They are the only Russian
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that the main aims were inter-alia
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Agency to develop plans for up to 4
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pit nickel mine and the Selkirk und
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deposit also contains a Peridotite-
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and Eastern parts of the EPL 3850 p
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Russian economy and the specifics o
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34 . 2009. C. 366- 368. 35 John St
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CHAPTER 3 Project RUSSAFRICA: Towar
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copra, spices, other products of tr
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This theoretic and scientific aura
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and technical cooperation with Afri
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higher and specialized secondary ed
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used and repaid part of the credit.
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exploitation of projects. Soviet ex
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At the same time we recognize that
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For the Soviet Union, solidarity wi
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disappeared together with their ass
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cial Representative of the Presiden
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countries and minimize the adverse
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The principled line in support of A
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Page 160 and 161: of Su-30MKA fighters. At the same t
Page 162 and 163: etc. He also remarked that since th
Page 164 and 165: However, there are harbingers of a
Page 166 and 167: There was a good demand in Egypt fo
Page 168 and 169: Another promising sphere for Russia
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Page 172 and 173: All these companies have permanent
Page 174 and 175: ment of the Russian Federation 105
Page 176 and 177: As of mid 2010, other areas of econ
Page 178 and 179: cooperation and hydrocarbon product
Page 180 and 181: tion." The participants in the Raba
Page 182 and 183: 2009 consisted of such traditional
Page 184 and 185: From October 21-23, 2010, the Fourt
Page 186 and 187: (May 2009), and Ugandan President Y
Page 188 and 189: Russia provided humanitarian aid to
Page 190 and 191: Nigeria’s Share in Russia’s Imp
Page 192 and 193: supplies only it is either a blatan
Page 194 and 195: On the initiative of the Ethiopian
Page 196 and 197: - Automotive and components - Capit
Page 198 and 199: led by the two Chambers and attende
Page 200 and 201: coal mixture of a new generation. T
Page 202 and 203: cial architecture and food safety a
Page 204 and 205: The talks in Luanda led the two cou
Page 206 and 207: 9 Annual Report of Alexander Saltan
Page 210 and 211: interpretations is the intensifying
Page 212: Leonid FITUNI and Irina ABRAMOVA RE
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