L. Fituni, I. Abramova Resource Potential of Africa and Russia's ...

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that the gas crisis between Russia and Ukraine was "commercial and not political." 43 If they have the will, Russian oil and gas companies can look forward to significantly expanding their presence in the Algerian hydrocarbon production market as part of the plans of the Algerian state company SONATRACH to invest up to $63 billion in developing the industry during the period up to and including 2012 using both Algerian funds and funds of foreign partners. Soviet assistance to Egypt in exploring its mineral resources began soon after the signing in 1958 of a general agreement on economic and technical cooperation as a part of measures to develop heavy industry in the country whose mineral raw-material base had been investigated rather inadequately. The country mined small quantities of oil, phosphorites, manganese, polymetallic ores, soda, rock, salt and some other minerals. Soviet oil experts provided assistance to the Egyptian General Petroleum Authority in geophysical and prospecting work for oil in the Suez Gulf area. In 1958, two new oil deposits were discovered with their help in the region of Bakra and Karim on the western coast of the Suez Gulf. Soviet experts have reviewed the available geophysical materials on the northern part of the Western Desert with an area of about 200,000 square kilometers. On the basis of that work aeromagnetic surveys over an area of 184,000 square kilometers were carried out in western sectors of the desert in 1966–1968, and seismic and drilling work was conducted in accordance with the methods used in the USSR. Egyptian state agencies have been provided with elaborate materials about the geological structure of the territories surveyed, with evaluations of their oil reserves. Soviet equipment has also been supplied to the Central Laboratory of Mineral Raw Materials in Egypt. Besides, Soviet organizations have supplied Egypt with 20 mobile laboratories for analyzing raw materials in field conditions. An important aspect of Soviet experts' work in Egypt was prospecting for iron ore, the demand for which had considerably grown with the enlargement of the Helwan Iron and Steel Works up to 1.5 103
million tons. In the early 1960s, Soviet specialists helped to thoroughly charter an iron ore deposit in the Baharia Oasis in the Western Desert. Soviet geologists took part in prospecting for poly-metallic ores and alumina in the Eastern Desert along the Red Sea coast. They also participated in prospecting work for rare metals deposits at Abu Dabbab and Nuwaiba, with the estimated amounts of ore reaching 40 million and 60 million tons, respectively, as well as comprehensive geological prospecting in the central part of the Eastern Desert, where the presence of more than 40 types of minerals was established: tin, tantalum, niobium, gold, etc. Mercury has been discovered in Egypt for the first time. In the Western Desert, Soviet geologists did preliminary prospecting for a big deposit of phosphorites at Abu Tartur. The post-Soviet cooperation in the mineral resource sphere is concentrated around participation in infrastructural (transportation by pipelines of Egyptian natural gas to Syria and Lebanon) and energy projects. Russian private companies may also take part in prospecting for oil, gas and various minerals, applying modern Russian technologies, which have no analogues in the world. They may create joint ventures in oil and gas production and processing of byproduct gas. However, in this sphere they have such strong competitors as the Amoco of the USA and Agip of Italy, which dominate the Egyptian oil and gas market. Among Russian energy companies LUKOIL and Novatek are the leaders in exploring Egypt’s potential. The main LUKOIL project in Egypt is West Esch El Mallaha (WEEM, Red Sea coast). A concession agreement on the WEEM block was reached in 1993 and commercial launch was announced in January 1998. LUKOIL currently holds a 50 percent stake in the concession. Other parties to the concession agreement are the Egyptian state petroleum company EGPC and the Government of Egypt. Total WEEM oil production increased by 404% in 2002 to 363.8 thousand tons (compared with 72.1 thousand tons in 2001). Oil production forecast for 2003 is 535.3 thousand tons. The project has generated positive cash flow since May 2002, and income last year totaled $14 mln. Proved reserves at WEEM are 4.4 mln tons. 44 104
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ABOUT THE AUTHORS: Dr. IRINA ABRAMO
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330.324.22 330.123.72 351.823.003 3
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INTRODUCTION IN THE GLOBALIZED WORL
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At certain stages of their history,
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tives. The authors are not describi
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cations, including monographs 1 and
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arena by the loftiest goals and ide
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quence, their role in the world eco
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thus the last seller of the commodi
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Table 1.1.2. World chromium product
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Table 1.1.3. World cobalt productio
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shore in many parts of the world. L
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Though US totally depends on import
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isk of supply shortage in the next
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long been obsolete, do exist and te
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a European-African energy forum; th
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upon the same ideology: the new roa
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Force. At the request of the UN Sec
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- The United States has sole jurisd
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uses to track terrorists. Algerian
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sum, in exchange for terminating th
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UK, Greece, Italy and Spain during
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ing Angola’s large oil resources
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China concluded two major M&A deals
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the continent. To help African coun
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egy with regard to Sudan and Zimbab
Page 54 and 55: some price-related difficulties for
Page 56 and 57: 100,000 students from almost every
Page 58 and 59: 15 U.S. Geological Survey, Mineral
Page 60 and 61: CHAPTER 2 Natural Resource Potentia
Page 62 and 63: tion in the global division of labo
Page 64 and 65: of other nations (manifest in an ex
Page 66 and 67: The mineral resource base (MRB) of
Page 68 and 69: In Nigeria, the smelter at Ikot Aba
Page 70 and 71: ite production at Komi to reach 6.5
Page 72 and 73: depletion. In South Africa, output
Page 74 and 75: 25-26 thousand tons of copper conce
Page 76 and 77: Country 75 Cost Ranges Namibia 0 20
Page 78 and 79: The Elkon district, Southern Yakuti
Page 80 and 81: ites and Miocene sediments extendin
Page 82 and 83: South, Etango and Valencia alaskite
Page 84 and 85: of competitiveness by similar produ
Page 86 and 87: tive scenario, the above goals will
Page 88 and 89: The concept of resource efficiency
Page 90 and 91: vately owned. The leading enterpris
Page 92 and 93: In this respect African and Russian
Page 94 and 95: Table 2.2.2. Distribution of capita
Page 96 and 97: will allow the project to overcome
Page 98 and 99: World prices on all types of minera
Page 100 and 101: 2.3. Competitors or Partners? Russi
Page 102 and 103: Soviet organizations supplied Alger
Page 106 and 107: The second LUKOIL project in Egypt
Page 108 and 109: The agreement was finally signed du
Page 110 and 111: pany “Slavneft” would join a co
Page 112 and 113: DRC to extract copper and cobalt in
Page 114 and 115: for 22 years in 2002 Friguia refine
Page 116 and 117: licenses. They are the only Russian
Page 118 and 119: that the main aims were inter-alia
Page 120 and 121: Agency to develop plans for up to 4
Page 122 and 123: pit nickel mine and the Selkirk und
Page 124 and 125: deposit also contains a Peridotite-
Page 126 and 127: and Eastern parts of the EPL 3850 p
Page 128 and 129: Russian economy and the specifics o
Page 130 and 131: 34 . 2009. C. 366- 368. 35 John St
Page 132 and 133: CHAPTER 3 Project RUSSAFRICA: Towar
Page 134 and 135: copra, spices, other products of tr
Page 136 and 137: This theoretic and scientific aura
Page 138 and 139: and technical cooperation with Afri
Page 140 and 141: higher and specialized secondary ed
Page 142 and 143: used and repaid part of the credit.
Page 144 and 145: exploitation of projects. Soviet ex
Page 146 and 147: At the same time we recognize that
Page 148 and 149: For the Soviet Union, solidarity wi
Page 150 and 151: disappeared together with their ass
Page 152 and 153: cial Representative of the Presiden
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countries and minimize the adverse
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The principled line in support of A
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Exports of Russian raw materials to
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of Su-30MKA fighters. At the same t
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etc. He also remarked that since th
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However, there are harbingers of a
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There was a good demand in Egypt fo
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Another promising sphere for Russia
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Lada users in Egypt. In 2010, a new
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All these companies have permanent
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ment of the Russian Federation 105
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As of mid 2010, other areas of econ
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cooperation and hydrocarbon product
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tion." The participants in the Raba
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2009 consisted of such traditional
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From October 21-23, 2010, the Fourt
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(May 2009), and Ugandan President Y
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Russia provided humanitarian aid to
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Nigeria’s Share in Russia’s Imp
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supplies only it is either a blatan
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On the initiative of the Ethiopian
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- Automotive and components - Capit
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led by the two Chambers and attende
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coal mixture of a new generation. T
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cial architecture and food safety a
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The talks in Luanda led the two cou
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9 Annual Report of Alexander Saltan
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CONCLUSIONS THE RESULTS OF THE UNDE
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interpretations is the intensifying
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Leonid FITUNI and Irina ABRAMOVA RE
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