East Kalimantan Environmentally Sustainable Development Strategy
East Kalimantan Environmentally Sustainable Development Strategy
East Kalimantan Environmentally Sustainable Development Strategy
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112<br />
Box 15<br />
included programs to provide employees and local people with new skills, in anticipation of the<br />
time when the company would no longer be the economic engine of the community. These<br />
included training focused on the set up of mechanical workshops for cars and motorcycles, sewing<br />
services, small trading shops, and various farming endeavors, improved agricultural practices<br />
(beyond slash and burn), and new cash crops for trading.<br />
Community Engagement in the Berau Forest Carbon Program<br />
TNC and its partners have been working with forest communities in Berau since 2002 and recently<br />
completed a study of 20 of the 107 villages in preparation for the BFCP. Villages in Berau vary widely<br />
in level of forest dependence, remoteness, level of cultural homogeneity, and experience with the<br />
market economy. Virtually all villages are in a process of transition in livelihood strategies and<br />
governance institutions, and in most cases village institutions are ineffective, particularly in the<br />
upland high forest areas. Land tenure is not formally recognized, and villages are not often not even<br />
included in district spatial and development plans. Many villages are located within timber and oil<br />
palm concession areas, and each has or will be affected by timber, oil palm, or mining concessions.<br />
Proximity and weakly-defined property rights often lead to latent or overt conflicts between<br />
communities and neighboring companies. Key issues in community-company relations include<br />
consent of communities for company operations, recognition of different types of community rights,<br />
legally required and voluntary fees and compensation to communities for use of the forest, and<br />
legally required investments by companies in community development.<br />
The BFCP has identified six objectives for its community engagement plan:<br />
1. Involvement in low-carbon development strategy: Meaningfully involve communities<br />
in design and oversight of Berau’s low carbon development strategy. Forest communities are<br />
constructively engaged in BFCP governance and decision making at strategic and operational<br />
levels, as well as other important policy dialogs in Berau.<br />
2. Free, prior, and informed consent: Ensure informed consent for all agreements, to be<br />
implemented on a sustainable basis.<br />
3. Strengthened village institutions: Help villages develop better governance institutions,<br />
ones that will allow for effective community involvement in natural resource management and<br />
sustained implementation of BFCP.<br />
DRAFT<br />
4. Livelihoods: Improve livelihoods, including alternative livelihoods that reduce pressure on the<br />
environment in the short, medium, and longer terms.<br />
5. Benefit sharing: Establish arrangements for fairly and sustainably apportioned streams of<br />
benefits for villages including women, (social services, community infrastructure, etc.)<br />
6. Learning: Document and disseminate learning and scaling-up mechanisms from BFCP’s<br />
community involvement component.<br />
Public awareness on climate change is also required in addition to community<br />
engagement programs focused on achieving projects. In 2001, <strong>East</strong> <strong>Kalimantan</strong> took part<br />
in the survey Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices: Natural Resources Management, which was a<br />
comprehensive survey of awareness and attitudes toward environmental issues. Although quite<br />
some time has passed since the survey, its findings indicated that while environmental issues<br />
are relatively important to residents of <strong>East</strong> <strong>Kalimantan</strong>, there was a gap to people becoming<br />
actively involved in solutions. Public awareness and engagement can be even more important and<br />
challenging for climate change as its impact is not as clearly or immediately seen as that for poor<br />
environmental practices (such as water or air pollution). Kaltim Green and the Governor have been<br />
recently conducting a larger public awareness campaign on climate change, which has included