PDF version - Trenchless International

In this issue | Brazil | China | Poland | United States | Mexico | Canada | Japan | Hong Kong | Germany
HDD
Relining Options
Vacuum Equipment
No-dig
hole in one
January 2010
Issue 6
The official magazine of the ISTT

Quality for 100 years
Documented durability
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No-Dig renewal of pipelines. We have renewal
methods for large as well as small projects.
Quality and continuous testing are part of the
everyday life, ensuring a product with up to a
100-year documented lifetime.
www.aarsleff.com

Dec Downey
Istt Chairman
Earlier this month I spoke at the
CHKSTT annual conference about my
belief that our trenchless business is
thriving in extraordinary times. I cited our
experiences of the Toronto and Melbourne
events where exhibition space was fully
taken up despite the recession: at both
events the numbers at the technical sessions
were good and there was a real buzz
in the sessions and at the social events.
LinkedIn’s Trenchless Technology group
promotes the Australian Trenchless Live
2010 event, to be held midway between
Sydney and Brisbane, as the greatest show
on earth. Having spent a really enjoyable
week with ASTT in September I can see
where they are coming from, the Melbourne
show was outstanding. However, I reckon
there is going to be stiff competition for the
‘greatest show’ accolade with major contenders
in Chicago, Singapore and Berlin
in the foreseeable future.
I understand that a good number of
abstracts are coming in for the next
International No-Dig Conference. The
deadline closed in December 2009. The
committee, which will include regional
experts, will review and shape up the
program early in the new year. We hope
to include workshops and training courses
to supplement the conference technical
sessions and will try to reflect local
needs in configuring the event. Recently
in Singapore I met with the Public Utilities
Board and went on to meet with other utility
owners in Malaysia; we are very pleased
to have the support of these important
regional players for our 2010 event. Good
progress is also being made towards the
formation of a local trenchless society in
Singapore and it is hoped that we will be
able to welcome them along with the newly
formed Columbian Society as new affiliates
at the next board meeting in November
2010.
Leaving aside the major events for a
moment, our smaller local and national
shows give members particularly good
value – Hong Kong attracted 128 delegates
from three continents and many
countries, with a strong contingent from
mainland China. A traditional conference
with excellent speakers, the CHKSTT event
held the interest and the audience to the
last. I particularly enjoyed the paper by
Jason Lueke on rehabilitation of irregularly
shaped sewers – if only all that extensive
planning had been put to the test! The
CHKSTT conference was full of interesting
contributions on condition assessment
and renovation, reflecting the local priority
for water mains rehabilitation and replacement
and it is good to see the owners and
their consultants attending the event. Many
thanks to CHKSTT and organiser Dr Pinky
Tso for the hospitality enjoyed by all the
visitors and guests.
I travelled on to Japan, where JSTT held
its annual conference, to wave the flag
for ISTT and deliver a summary of new
technologies emerging in Europe and the
United States. The 230 delegates enjoyed
23 papers covering a wide range of topics
including earthquake resistance – if only I
had been more attentive during Japanese
classes. It was good to return to the market
where I have spent so much of my career,
to catch up with old friends and to see
how effectively Chairman Taigo Matsui has
transformed the organisation, a difficult
task after the superb leadership for many
years provided by Dr Satoru Tohyama.
My only regret was that I could not stay
longer in the region and spend some time
in Taiwan to meet with CTSTT.
In the UK we have had two successful
No-Dig Roadshows in Bristol and
Wakefield: both had a lively feel about
them and the northern event, coming
after the final determination of the water
and sewerage sector economic regulator
OFWAT, had significantly larger visitor
numbers. Every five years the UK holds its
breath for several months of budget negotiations
between the water utility companies
and the regulator. When compromise is
reached, the spend for the next five years
is announced.
This year there was some surprise that
Thames Water CEO David Owens had
resigned after the determination from
which Thames may struggle to deliver
planned improvements to water and wastewater
infrastructure in a catchment with
some of the oldest operational sewer and
water pipe in the world. The tight budgets
announced are going to be a challenge for
many of us in the foreseeable future; it’s a
scenario that may be replicated worldwide,
even in Japan where the new government
is said to be questioning past use of infrastructure
investment to prime the economy.
Budget constraints will test us all to develop
novel technologies to efficiently solve our
infrastructure problems. The interchange
at our conferences and exhibitions plays a
valuable role in the development of awareness
of emerging solutions and perhaps
explains their popularity in adversity.
May I take this opportunity to wish all a
prosperous New Year.
FROM the CHAIRMAN’s desk
Janaury 2010 - Trenchless International
1

Issue 6 - January 2010
Great Southern Press
Pty Ltd
query@trenchlessinternational.com
www.trenchlessinternational.com
Editor-in-Chief: Chris Bland
Managing Editor: Kate Pemberton
Contributing Editors: Lyndsie Mewett,
Lucy Rochlin
Journalist: Lucy Eldred
Sales Manager: Tim Thompson
Senior Account Manager: David Marsh
Sales Representative: Brett Thompson
Design Manager: Michelle Bottger
Designers: Venysia Kurniawan,
Stephanie Rose, Sandra Noke
Event Co-ordinator: Stephanie Fielden
GPO Box 4967
Melbourne VIC 3001 Australia
Tel: +61 39248 5100
Fax: +61 3 9602 2708
ISSN: 1836-3474
In this issue | Brazil | China | Poland | United States | Mexico | Canada | Japan | Hong Kong | Germany
HDD
Relining Options
Vacuum Equipment
The official magazine of the ISTT
No-dig
hole in one
January 2010
Issue 6
Cover shows the Athabasca River Crossing, in
Canada, and typifies the minimal impact of Trenchless
Technology. See page 26 for project article. Photo
courtesy of Direct Horizontal Drilling.
This magazine is an official publication of the
International Society for Trenchless Technology (ISTT)
and is distributed free to members and other interested
parties worldwide. It is also available on subscription.
The publishers welcome editorial contributions from
interested parties. However, neither the publishers nor
the ISTT accept responsibility for the content of these
contributions and the views contained therein which
will not necessarily be the views of the publishers or
the ISTT. Neither the publishers nor the ISTT accept
responsibility for any claims made by advertisers.
All communications should be directed to the publishers.
Unless explicitly stated otherwise in writing, by
providing editorial material to Great Southern Press
(GSP), including text and images you are providing
permission for that material to be subsequently used
by GSP, whole or in part, edited or unchanged, alone or
in combination with other material in any publication
or format in print or online or howsoever distributed,
whether produced by GSP and its agents and associates
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REGULARS
From the Chairman’s Desk 1
Executive Director’s Report 4
Upcoming Events 55
About ISTT/Membership 61
ISTT Membership/Directory 61
Contacts and Addresses of Affiliated Societies 62
Advertisers’ Index 64
Subscription and Editorial Schedule 64
News
World wrap 6
News in brief 8
Industry news
Big record for small boring 14
Special Feature
Tunnelling around the world 16
HDD
Crossing China with HDD 20
Magnetic steering of lateral coal seam gas wells 22
Journal review 24
Crossing the Athabasca River 26
New certificate for HDD 29
Relining options
Renovation of pressure pipelines –
quality assurance with ISO standards 30
Saxony sewer sees the light 34
Sewer rehabilitation using epoxy resin injection 37
Industry developments
The state of road gully systems
in Germany Part 1 39
CSM shaft construction 42
New methods for box culvert
pipeline construction 45
Region focus: Brazil
Crossings: from São Paulo to Rio de Janeiro 49
Large-scale pipe bursting in the city of Campinas 52
Vacuum Equipment
Vacuum sewage disposal taken a step further 53
Conferences
CHKSTT hosts successful conference in
Hong Kong 55
Report from ICPTT 2009: Shanghai, China 56
Trenchless Middle East Abu Dhabi 2010 expands 57
No-Dig Poland 2010 58
Tamperin’ with the underground in Tampa 59
Talking trenchless in Moscow 59
In Memoriam
In memoriam: Trent Ralston 60
2 3

EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR’S REPORT
Janaury 2010 - Trenchless International
John Hemphill
Istt Executive Director
International Society for
Trenchless Technology
Chairman: Dr Dec Downey
dec.downey@jasonconsult.com
Vice-Chairman: Dr Samuel Ariaratnam
ariaratnam@asu.edu
Executive Director: John Hemphill
hemphill@istt.com
Membership Secretary: Kyoko Kondo
kondo@istt.com
Executive Sub Committee
Derek Choi: China
Karel Franczyk: Czech Republic
Gerda Hald: Denmark
Norman Howell: United Kingdom
Olga Martynyk: Ukraine
www.istt.com
info@istt.com
Executive Director, ISTT
308 S. Lee Street
Alexandria, VA 22314
United States
Tel: +1 (703) 299-8484
Kyoko Kondo (Ms.)
Membership Secretary ISTT
3rd Nishimura Bldg.,
2-11-18, Tomioka, Koto-ku,
Tokyo 135-0047, Japan
Tel: +81 (3)5639 9970
FAX: +81 (3)5639 9975
Registered Address:
15 Belgrave Square
LONDON, SW1X 8PS
UK
For many in the trenchless community,
2009 was a challenging year. Funding of
public works projects was often severely
limited due to government revenue shortfalls
brought about by the worldwide
recession. Private investment in underground
infrastructure projects was also
impacted by the severe slowdown in
economic activity. The reduced level of
construction activity affected the demand
for trenchless equipment, supplies and
consultants. Fluctuations in economic
activity are nothing new. However, dealing
with the consequences of a downturn
is never easy.
As we look to the future, we have reason
for optimism. There are clear signs
that economies worldwide are rebounding.
In fact, in some regions of the world,
the economic climate has turned positive.
The trenchless industry may further
benefit from government economic
stimulus programs, many of which have
targeted public infrastructure projects.
Governments have long recognised the
huge need for renewing underground
utilities and for installing and upgrading
underground infrastructure to meet
demand for utility services. They also have
recognised the potential benefit that construction
projects can provide in creating
jobs and jump-starting a stalled economy.
Growth in trenchless in the coming
year is further reflected in the activities of
the societies themselves. Several national
trenchless organisations have prospered
to the point that they are prepared to join
the international community by affiliating
with ISTT. And existing societies have
continued to be active and have aggressive
plans and programs for 2010 and
beyond. ISTT believes that by the 2010
International No-Dig in Singapore, we
may well have two or three new affiliated
trenchless societies join ISTT.
ISTT has recently taken affirmative
action to support the growth in trenchless
by enhancing membership benefits
and making membership in regions without
affiliated societies more attractive.
Beginning this year, ISTT Corporate
Members will be offered the opportunity
to add an additional individual to their
membership. These new members will
be eligible for ISTT benefits such as
free access and downloads of ISTT publications
and ISTT-sponsored program
discounts.
In addition, the membership fee for
Corporate Members located in regions
where no affiliate society exists will be
offered the same benefits package as
Corporate Members from affiliated societies.
They also will have their annual
membership dues reduced to £70 – a
level more in line with the dues structure
of affiliated memberships.
The demand for ISTT and affiliated
sponsored training has been strong,
as is the outlook for training in 2010
and beyond. ISTT is working with the
Columbian, Brazilian and South African
societies on regional training programs
for 2010 and 2011. These programs are
in addition to the annual programs held
by the 22 trenchless societies affiliated
with ISTT.
I am delighted to report we are on track
to have an outstanding 2010 International
No-Dig in Singapore. Everywhere ISTT
Chairman Dec Downey and I have travelled,
we hear very positive feedback on
this event – its geographic location and
the conference venue.
ISTT is also aggressively pursuing ways
to enhance our training capabilities in
an effort to keep pace with the demand.
This year we intend to introduce new
training programs though a collaborative
effort with the North American Society for
Trenchless Technology (NASTT).
There are many reasons for optimism
– trenchless services and products are
established, competitive and environmentally
friendly. Trenchless has become
increasingly accepted and recognised
as a viable option to address the huge
need for pipe renewal, rehabilitation and
installation, and for installation of communications
conduit and wiring. The future
for trenchless is strong.
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4

World wrap
TBM ‘Rosie’ up for air
Rosie the TBM, a Herrenknecht AVN 2000D,
has officially finished boring a 6.7 metre
diameter, 9.5 kilometre tunnel of the East
Side Big Pipe project in Portland, Oregon,
US. Rosie has been sent back to the starting
point of the tunnel to begin work on
a smaller tunnel heading in the opposite
direction. The tunnelling works are part
of a two-decade, $US1.4 billion project to
reduce sewer overflows.
Dora tunnels under East London
The LOVAT mixed ground tunnel boring
machine ‘Dora the Bora’ has finished tunnelling
a two mile long sewer under East
London, UK.
Up, up and away: sliplining and pipe
jacking at Amsterdam airport
Schipol Airport in Amsterdam has rehabilitated
its drainage system after the heavy loads of
arriving and departing planes resulted in serious
cracks in sewer pipes underneath the runway.
A trio of TBMs will team up at
Pahang-Selangor
To keep pace with rapid economic growth
a 44.6 kilometre long Pahang-Selangor Raw
Water Tunnel will transfer water from the
Semantan River in Pahang State to the
Selangor/Kuala Lumpur region, travelling as
far as 1,200 metres beneath the Titiwangsa
mountain range. Excavation is scheduled to
begin in late 2010 using three Robbins Main
Beam tunnel boring machines.
Wind power blows HDD to
mainland Wales
HDD is being considered for the installation of
cable ducts, which will transmit energy from the
Gwynt y Môr Offshore Wind Farm to the proposed
onshore electrical sub-station in northern
Wales, UK.
NEWS
Janaury 2010 - Trenchless International
Trenchless hots up in Hawaii
Hawaii is currently undergoing a massive
infrastructure upgrade as part of
a $US516 million scheme to improve
the island’s wastewater systems.
Kasimovskoye UGS – Voskresensk CS
gas trunkline uses HDD
HDD has been used on 108 underground crossings
on the recently completed Kasimovskoye
UGS–Voskresensk CS gas trunkline in Russia.
Keep up to date with this news and more by subscribing to the Trenchless International online update.
West-East pipeline crosses under
the Changjiang
The China Oil and Gas Pipeline Company
(CNPC) has successfully completed the
2,590 metre crossing of the Changjiang
River for construction of the Second West-
East Gas Pipeline.
Indian developers prefer non-destructive methods
The city of Jaipur, India has submitted a proposal to the government to
renovate, rehabilitate and reconstruct the city’s 75-year-old sewerage
network using Trenchless Technology.
HDD project to protect Sydney Harbour
Sydney Water has commenced works to divert wastewater from Sydney
Harbour to the main sewerage network using HDD.
www.trenchlessinternational.com
NEWS Janaury 2010 - Trenchless International
6 7

News in brief
Get your hands dirty...
No-Dig Berlin 2011 launches official website
The No-Dig Berlin 2011 conference and exhibition website has
been launched.
The comprehensive No-Dig Berlin 2011 website will allow
trenchless enthusiasts to find information about conference
topics, exhibitors, sponsors and official events, as well as local
tourist information about Berlin.
The 29th International No-Dig conference in Berlin will be held
from 2 – 5 May, 2011. www.nodigberlin2011.com
Trenchless – top of the charts
In the April 2010 edition of Trenchless International the
inaugural Trenchless Wall Chart will be posted free to thousands
of trenchless decision-makers. Hundreds more will be
distributed during the year at events.
The wall chart will detail major trenchless technologies,
methods and machinery.
The poster is certain to appear on the walls of major
authorities and utilities throughout the world ensuring that
advertisers are foremost in their minds over the year. Take
advantage of this unique opportunity.
The advertising spaces will be limited and Great Southern
Press can offer free assistance in preparing artwork if
required.
To register interest ring Brett Thompson on
+61 3 9248 5100 or email bthompson@gs-press.com.au
NEWS
January 2010 - Trenchless International
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Dora tunnels under East London
‘Dora the Bora’ has finished tunnelling a two mile long sewer
under East London, UK.
The 2.8 metre diameter sewer will help protect 800 homes
in West Ham, East London from flooding. The sewer will carry
excess rainwater and sewage during storms, preventing flooding
back into streets and properties.
The Lovat mixed ground tunnel boring machine (TBM), ‘Dora’,
tunnelled for two miles at a depth of 15–20 metres in subterranean
London. ‘Dora’ was able to progress at up to 40 metres per
day when fully operational.
The tunnel runs under a number of notable London landmarks,
including the Jubilee line and the Beatle’s infamous Abbey Road.
The tunnel runs over the channel tunnel rail link.
Construction of the sewer began in May and was completed in
early December. The new tunnel will link with the existing sewer
network, to which three miles of sewers are also being enlarged
and modernised.
The new sewer is part of a greater £90 million scheme to
protect up to 800 homes and businesses from the risk of sewer
flooding in the Forest Gate, West Ham and Stratford areas in
East London.
Enjoy Australia’s beautiful beaches, friendly people
and try out the latest trenchless technology.
8

New Chairman for the CHKSTT
Jon Boon is the new Chairman of the China Hong Kong Society for Trenchless Technology.
Mr Boon, of Insituform, has taken over from Ian Vickridge of Black & Veatch Hong Kong.
The CHKSTT Handover took place recently at the Society’s conference “Trenchless Technologies in the Asia Pacific.” For a full
wrap of the conference and more information on upcoming trenchless events turn to page 55.
Dr Dec Downey, Ian Vickridge, Jon Boon, Professor Lu Ming, Dr Sam Ariaratnam.
NEWS
Relining companies join forces
An agreement between Per Aarsleff and Insituform
Technologies, concerning co-operation in Germany and the UK,
has been announced to the Copenhagen Stock Exchange.
In the jointly-owned company IRT in Germany, the companies
have agreed on new regulations and guidelines. This is a simplification
of the structure and is to ensure co-operation between the
owners with a view to future improved utilisation of the potential
in Germany. Per Aarsleff is selling its 25 per cent shareholding of
the liner factory in England to Insituform.
Per Aarsleff and Insituform are co-operating in the German
market for trenchless pipe renewals. In the other European markets,
the companies remain competitors.
Environment a key consideration for Gorgon
AJ Lucas will use horizontal directional drilling (HDD) to construct
nine holes as part of the Gorgon LNG Project in Western
Australia.
The project includes the drilling of shore crossings to connect
the upstream facilities for the Gorgon project to the onshore
infrastructure on Barrow Island, located off the coast of northern
Western Australia. HDD has been selected to minimise the
impact to the environment
The contract was awarded to AJ Lucas, who will undertake
construction of the nine holes, which will emerge approximately
400 metres offshore. AJ Lucas will order two new rigs to conduct
the work in order to minimise the risk of local contamination.
The equipment will also be soundproofed to reduce any further
impact on local fauna and marine life.
AJ Lucas CEO Allan Campbell said “Lucas prides itself on its
HDD capability to minimise any environmental footprint.”
The Greater Gorgon gas fields are Australia’s largest-known
gas resources, containing about 40 trillion cubic feet of gas. It is
expected that the 40 year project will produce about 15 million
tonnes of liquefied natural gas every year.
January 2010 - Trenchless International
Aerial view of Barrow Island.
10

news
January 2010 - Trenchless International
Green tech: wind farms and Trenchless
Trenchless Technology is being considered for a number
of crossing sections for transmission cables for a proposed
offshore wind farm to be located in off Cape Cod,
Massachusetts, US.
The 20.1 kilometre transmission cable would use technology
such as horizontal directional drilling (HDD), for
installation under roads. HDD would be used to transition the
submarine cables to the onshore cables at the landfall site
in Yarmouth.
Upon completion, the proposed project have an electrical
energy capacity of 468 megawatts, with 130 turbines each
capable of producing up to 3.6 megawatts. The project
would be the United States' first ever wind farm and is yet to
receive Federal authorisation.
Meanwhile, HDD is being considered for the installation
of cable ducts, which will transmit energy from the Gwynt y
Môr Offshore Wind Farm to the proposed onshore electrical
sub-station in northern Wales, UK.
The project will include the connection of six offshore
electricity cables to the onshore cables at the landfall site in
Pensam. The onshore cable ducts will be installed under the
coastal defence and railway using Trenchless Technology.
The primary technique under consideration for these works
is HDD although other methods such as thrust boring may
be used.
HDD will also be used to install onshore cables at a
number of highway crossings to minimise disruptions to
traffic. HDD and duct installation work will most likely be
undertaken outside of the peak tourist season so as not to
disrupt the region’s tourism.
The HDD and cable installation works are expected to last
for approximately 16 weeks.
German engineering firm RWE AG is planning to construct
the Gwynt y Môr Offshore Wind Farm 13–15 kilometres off the
coast of northern Wales. The proposed 2.8 hectare onshore
electrical sub-station is necessary to connect the electricity
generated by up to 208 offshore wind turbines to the National
Grid. The Gwynt y Môr Offshore Wind Farm is expected to
have 576 MW capacity upon full commissioning.
The Gwynt y Môr Offshore Wind Farm is the third of a proposed
nine wind farms to be built on the coasts of Wales. The
Rhyl Flats Wind Farm in Liverpool Bay on the North Wales
coast was officially opened in early December.
Construction industry building up
KPMG’s latest global construction
survey, Navigating
the Storm, has revealed that the
construction industry is positive
about its future prospects,
despite the global financial crisis
(GFC). Almost two thirds of
respondents expect to either
increase or at least maintain
profit levels by mid-2010.
The report reflects the results
of more than 100 interviews
with senior leaders at engineering and construction companies
in more than 30 countries worldwide. The survey revealed that 65
per cent of global respondents believe that government stimulus
packages will increase opportunities over the next twelve months.
KPMG’s National Sector Leader for Real Estate and Construction
Steven Gatt said “There is a perception that the GFC has devastated
the construction industry. While it has had an impact
on the way these companies do business, we found that in the
majority of cases global contractors responded by becoming
leaner, restructuring operations and rationalising costs. When
the recovery arrives, these companies should be well prepared
to succeed.”
Get your hands dirty at Trenchless Live 2010
Trenchless Live 2010 will be an experience like no other – a
chance to see, hear and touch Trenchless Technology in action.
Trenchless Live 2010 will take place from 17–20 October 2010 at
Coffs Harbour between Brisbane and Sydney in Australia.
The Australian construction industry is booming. A recent
KPMG study (above) found that contractors were very optimistic,
with 93 per cent expecting an increase in opportunities in the
next twelve months. In the previous twelve months, over two
thirds of Australian respondents have achieved or exceeded their
backlog and profit levels of the same period last year.
Trenchless Live 2010 brings the trenchless industry together
to further consolidate the industry, provide information about
new products and technology and create many great networking
opportunities.
This official ASTT event will feature the most exciting; hands-on
truly live exhibition and demonstration of trenchless equipment
ever seen in the Southern Hemisphere.
In addition to the exhibition, Trenchless Live 2010 will also
feature a range of training, both classroom and practical and
keynote presentations, as well as relaxed social functions and
networking opportunities.
Be there to:
• See or display the latest equipment
• Keep up-to-date with what is happening in the industry
• Have a fantastic time.
Visit www.trenchless2010.com
To update the international
trenchless community about your
company’s news or projects, email
news@trenchlessinternational.com
12

Big record for small boring
A Robbins Mixed Ground Cutterhead has been
used in a record breaking distance for a small
boring unit.
industry news
January 2010 - Trenchless International
On 7 December 2009, a new milestone was reached for ABMs
using disc cutterheads. Contractor Gonzales Boring & Tunneling
bored a landmark crossing length of 183 metres using a 42 inch
(one metre) diameter Small Boring Unit (SBU-A). The feat is a
record for any diameter of SBU-A, making it the longest distance
ever excavated with the boring attachment.
The project in Tigard, Oregon, US, consists of three gravity
sewer crossings in rock and mixed ground below houses, neighbourhood
streets, small creeks, and a service facility.
“A combination of preparation, qualified crew, accurate
machine design, and Robbins’ unmatched support services
made this a successful crossing,” said Jim Gonzales, President
of Gonzales Boring & Tunneling. More typical jobs for the SBU-A
are below 90 metres in length, though there have been several
crossings of approximately 150 metres in length for larger diameter
cutterheads.
The Robbins SBU-A is a type of trenchless boring
attachment for use with standard Auger Boring Machines
(ABMs). The SBU-A, available in diameters from 24 to
72 inches (600 mm to 1.8 metres), consists of a circular cutterhead
mounted with disc cutters. The disc cutters are capable
of excavating rock from 4,000 to over 25,000 psi (25 to over
175 MPa UCS).
In mixed ground, as with the Gonzales boring project, cutterheads
can be fitted with a variety of tungsten carbide bits
and single or multi-row disc cutters. The cutterhead used on the
record-breaking SBU-A features single 6.5 inch diameter disc
cutters and larger muck bucket, openings to better handle conditions
consisting of solid basalt, interspersed with clay and dirt
sections containing small boulders.
During machine launch, the SBU-A is welded to the lead steel
casing. Throughout the bore, the ABM provides both torque and
forward thrust to the cutterhead. Openings in the cutterhead
called muck buckets, collect spoil from the face, where they are
transferred to a full-face auger for removal.
After completing its first 70 metres crossing in clay and basalt,
the SBU-A was launched for its second bore on 28 October 2009.
The disc cutterhead was used with a 72 inch (1.8 metre) ABM
and 42 inch (one metre) steel casing. Rock conditions on the
second crossing consisted of basalt at various rock strengths
(7,000 to 12,000 psi / 48 to 82 MPa UCS). Crews monitored
line and grade, and were able to maintain advance at about
twelve metres per ten hour shift.
A contractor-designed steering system guided the SBU-A to
within one hundredth of an inch design grade after 183 metres of
excavation. Despite the mixed ground conditions, no disc cutter
required changing after 250 metres of boring. A third 98 metre
crossing will be excavated early in 2010.
The three crossings were initially designed as a pilot tube
microtunnelling project using vitrified clay pipe.
“The owner has saved over a million dollars on the trenchless
section alone over their original cost estimates for pilot tube
microtunnelling. Because the owner listened to the construction
community, they saved both time and money, and kept the dollars
local,” said Mr Gonzales.
The Robbins Small Boring Unit is an ABM attachment that can
excavate in hard rock and mixed ground up to and over 25,000 psi
(175 MPa) UCS.
The Robbins SBU-A completed the longest ever crossing for an
ABM with disc cutterhead, at 183 metres.
The crossings form part of the Locust Street Sanitary
Improvements Project No. 6335. Approximately 1.8 kilometres of
gravity sewer are being installed by general contractor Northwest
Earthmovers Inc. for project owner Clean Water Services. The
18 inch (450 mm) diameter PVC carrier pipe will increase
capacity in the area and stop overflows currently plaguing
the system.
14

Herrenknecht breaks through in China.
special feature
January 2010 - Trenchless International
Tunnelling around the world
China
In a country of 1.6 billion people, the
People’s Republic of China is experiencing
an unprecedented amount of
economic growth, industrialisation and
urbanisation. In order to ensure quality
of life, it is necessary for infrastructure
to continue to develop at the same pace
as the population and development of
China’s megacities. As such, the extension
and modernisation of traffic tunnels
and efficient supply and disposal systems
are a top priority in China.
The industrial and economic hub of
Central China, Wuhan city in Hubei province,
is currently constructing its subway
line two using seven Herrenknecht tunnel
boring machines (TBMs) to excavate
almost 17 kilometres of tunnel. Five Earth
Pressure Balance (EPB) Shields are
crossing beneath inner-city areas whilst
two mixshields that specialise in multilayered,
highly water-bearing grounds will
cross beneath the Yangtze River.
The eleven million inhabitants of
Chengdu in Sichuan province in southwestern
China will soon be able to benefit
from an extensive new metro system.
After signing a contract in January 2009,
Robbins has provided multiple TBMs to
China Railway Construction Corp. so the
company can build metro lines totalling
126 kilometres in the region best known
A commissioning ceremony was held October 2009 for the Robbins EPB boring China’s
Chengdu Metro.
for its giant pandas. A 6.26 metre diameter
EPB will be used to excavate the
tunnel after a mixed-ground cutterhead
with 17 inch diameter disc cutters and
carbide bits has excavated the variable
geology, which includes a mix of weathered
rocks found nowhere else in China.
The Chengdu Metro will be opened in
three stages, with the first line set to be in
operation by 2010. It is hoped that seven
lines will be fully operational by 2035,
servicing millions of passengers daily.
The industrial city of Guangzhou,
located on the Pearl River Delta in southern
China is also currently upgrading its
subway as part of a project that has seen
the network constantly extended over
the past years. At present, more than
105 kilometres of the proposed
140 kilometres have been excavated
The Nanjing Yangtze River Tunnel, with its three traffic lanes in each direction, will ease the traffic congestion.
since 2000 using a mixture of EPB
Shield and Mixshield Herrenknecht
TBMs with diameters of 6.25 metres.
With a population of 20 million, Shanghai
is not only the biggest megacity in China, it
is also one of the largest metropolises in the
world. The Shanghai Yangtze Under River
Tunnel was constructed to enable inhabitants
of the nearby river island Changxing
easy access to the Shanghai of Pudong.
Herrenknecht supplied two TBMs for
the construction of the two traffic tunnels
in Shanghai, which both tunnelled under
the Yangtze River at a depth of 65 metres.
With a weight of 2,300 tonnes and a
length of 125 metres each, they were two
of the largest tunnel boring machines in
the world. The two tunnels, each almost
7.5 kilometres long, were completed after
only 20 months, 10 months earlier than
originally scheduled. The completion
of tunnelling work ahead of schedule
provides the ideal conditions to open
the tunnel on time for the 2010 World
Exhibition in Shanghai, which is expected
to draw 70 million visitors to the city.
India
The final tunnel breakthrough has been
achieved on the New Delhi Metro project,
ready for the influx of visitors for the 2010
Commonwealth Games.
Contractors ALPINE began construction
in 2007 of the project that will see
23 kilometres and six stations link the
Central Railway Station in New Delhi with
the Indira Gandhi International Airport
and the district of Dwarka.
With the construction site located
directly under three major traffic arteries
as well as two existing and operational
metro lines, the work needed to be completed
at a depth of 35–45 metres so as
not to cause disruptions. With a longitudinal
gradient of 2.85 per cent and a water
pressure of 4.5 bar, the project presented
ALPINE with a challenging task.
“Thanks to our extensive experience we
were able to cope with the difficult situation
during the headwork and complete
the tunnelling in just eleven months,” said
ALPINE’s Division Manager for Asia Erich
Golger.
Three TBMs were used to construct the
3.86 kilometre twin-tube tunnel project (2
x 1,540 metres + 2 x 670 metres) and a
cut and cover tunnel of 1.16 kilometres.
The project also included construction
of the New Delhi and Shivaji Stadium
underground stations with a length of
242 metres each, as well as the adjoining
parking garages.
In February 2009, the project set a new
milestone for the industry as a Robbins
EPB being used on the project achieved
a weekly advance rate of 202 metres, the
highest advance rate among any of the
14 TBMs used on the metro project.
Laos
Laos will be energising its neighbour
Thailand by 2012 thanks to the Theun
Hinboun Expansion project, which commenced
in May 2009.
Contracted to CMC di Ravenna, the
$US270 million project will expand from
220 to 440 MW of the installed capacity
of the existing hydroelectric power
plant originally built by Recchi–Cmc JV
between 1995 and 1998. The station will
draw water from the Nam Theun River in
central Laos so that electricity can be sold
to Thailand, where current power supplies
are struggling to meet demand.
Part of the project will include the construction
of a 5.5 kilometre headrace
tunnel with a 6.5 metre diameter. The tunnel
will be constructed using a 7.6 metre
diameter Robbins Single Shield TBM.
The Robbins TBM has been designed
for squeezing ground conditions and will
feature an articulating cutterhead with
overcutters capable of cutting 100 mm
beyond nominal tunnel diameter.
Ground along the tunnel alignment consists
of alternating levels of sandstone,
siltstone and mudstone. Continuous tunnel
lining works will support the ground
conditions, using 280 mm thick, pre-cast
concrete segments.
Philippines
SN Aboitiz Power (SNAP) awarded
McConnell Dowell Philippines Inc. the
civil works associated with Ambuklao
Hydro project located near Bagio City,
Philippines. The project consists of a
network of tunnels and shafts and the
construction of new intake and outlet
structures and is located in the Benguet
province in Luzon Island in the Philippines.
The main source of water comes from
the Agno River in the Philippine island
of Luzon. The Agno River is the main
special feature
January 2010 - Trenchless International
16
17

special feature
January 2010 - Trenchless International
drainage system in the region and has a
catchment area of 5,952 square kilometres.
The refurbishment of the Ambuklao and
Binga Hydropower plants is a high priority,
as both plants were commissioned
over 40 years ago and have been severely
compromised by major siltation and volcanic
activity.
New intakes to both stations will be constructed
by McConnell Dowell Philippines
above the silt level as well as new drop
shafts and headrace intake tunnels. Other
works will include a new surge tunnel,
bypass tunnel, silt bypass and tailrace
outlet. The Ambuklao hydro power plant
will be equipped with new electrical and
mechanical equipment, as well as new
generators. A complete new cooling system
with pipes, pumps and filter, as well as
new drain system, new spherical valves,
runners and shafts will be installed, and
new bulkheads will be incorporated to
maintain the spillway gates. The Binga
hydro power plant will generate 120 MW
of power and will achieve an average
annual production of 419 GWh. Dam
rehabilitation works will be carried out
on the spillway and new instrumentation
will be installed. Works have commenced
onsite and the project is expected to be
completed in August 2010.
Turkey
As part of the Akköy II Hydroelectric
Project in northeast Turkey, Kolin
Construction Co. Inc. used a 4.8 metre
diameter Robbins Main Bean TBM at two
different tunnel diameters.
Diameter change required removal of
the outer cutterhead sections, bottom and
side supports, roof shield, dust shield, and
gripper shoes. The components were then
replaced with four metre diameter adaptations
before the machine was transported
to the smaller tunnel sections.
Tunnels of differing diameters were
designed into the Akköy II Hydroelectric
Project and will be used to transfer water
from several sources to reservoirs and
dams.
Upon completion, the Akköy II
Hydroelectric Project will supply 898
million kWh annually to the National Grid
at a 54 kV level. The new project will add
to the current 315 million kWh supplied by
the Akköy I Hydroelectric Project.
Meanwhile, in a city renowned for its
diverse and unique culture thanks to its
traditional role as the gateway between
European and Asian empires, works are
currently underway in the Turkish capital
of Istanbul to continue linking East to West.
The Melen 7 tunnel runs under the
Bosporus and has been constructed to
provide water from the eastern districts of
the city to the west.
TBM Gabi 2 breaks through in Switzerland.
A Herrenknecht S-391 TBM was used
to excavate the Melen 7 and reached its
target shaft in mid-April of last year. The
tunnel crosses beneath the Bosporus,
the sea strait between the Asian and
European parts of the Turkish metropolis,
and took only 13.5 months to construct.
After beginning construction in March
2008 from the European side of the strait,
the machine covered up to 20 metres per
day. Having been completed in 2009, the
tunnel is expected to begin transporting
water from the Asian to the European part
of Istanbul later this year.
The biggest challenge within the
project was excavating at a depth of up to
135 metres. As such, the machine had to
be sealed to withstand water pressures of
up to 13.5 bar.
Home to more than ten million people,
Istanbul will rely on the Melen 7 tunnel to
provide large-scale water sustainability, to
supply drinking water, as well as water to
agriculture and regional industries.
This project marks the first connection
between two continents created by a
tunnelling machine.
United Arab Emirates
Italian engineering firm Impreglio
will build the first 15 kilometres of a
40 kilometre hydraulic tunnel to be constructed
in Abu Dhabi.
Having been awarded the
$US243 million contract to construct the
first of three lots of the Strategic Tunnel
Enhancement Project (STEP) by the Abu
Dhabi Sewerage Services Company
(ADSSC), Impreglio will begin construction
of the gravity tunnel to collect wastewater
on the Abu Dhabi island and mainland
and convey it to the treatment plant in Al
Wathba.
The 40 kilometre long tunnel will have an
excavated diameter of 6.3 metres and six
access shafts to depths of between 40 and
50 metres.
STEP will provide all involved parties
with logistic and technical challenges, as
it will involve simultaneous use of three
EPB TBMs to excavate and case the tunnel
with pre-cast concrete sections. The
project marks the first time such advanced
mechanised technology has been used in
Abu Dhabi.
The hydraulic tunnel and the access
shafts will be lined with a special membrane
to keep the concrete sections fully
protected against the aggressive environment,
for a minimum duration of 100 years.
Switzerland
Works to extend Switzerland’s rail networks
are running ahead of schedule, as
Herrenknecht’s. TBM Gabi 2 reached its
target in the western tube of the Gotthard
Base Tunnel in Amsteg in mid-September,
six months earlier than expected.
With a diameter of 9.58 metres, Gabi
2 excavated 7.2 kilometres in only 18
months. The average daily tunnelling performance
through hard rock and mountain
overburdens of up to 1,000 metres was
approximately 18 metres. Gabi 2’s best
daily performance was 52 metres of excavated
and secured tunnel, which is a
world record for a TBM of that size.
Almost 91 per cent of the Gotthard tunnel
system has been completed, out of
the total 151.8 kilometres to be excavated.
Excavation work in the world’s longest railway
tunnel has now been completed on
the northern side of the Gotthard Range.
The main breakthrough between Sedrun
and Faido is due to take place by the
beginning of 2011 and commercial rail
operations are planned to commence at
the end of 2017.
Slovakia
As part of a major rail expansion in
Slovakia, the Slovakian Rail Administration
has contracted Skanska to construct a
tunnel.
The $US79 million project includes the
construction of a 1.8 kilometre tunnel that
will house double tracks for high-speed
trains. The tunnel will comprise part of the
expansion of the 17 kilometre section of
line between Nove Mesto and Zlatovce in
Western Slovakia.
Skanska is part of a syndicate with
Czech and Slovakian construction
companies that will implement the rail
expansion, totalling $US396 million.
Work on the tunnel will commence
immediately and is expected to be completed
in April 2013.
Mexico
Robbins opened up a new office in
Mexico City in March 2009 to provide
services on two local mega projects using
four Robbins EPBs.
The city’s new metro line, which will
utilise a 10.2 metre diameter EPB on a
6.2 kilometre long tunnel began construction
in late 2009. Robbins will also
provide three EPBs in 2010 to work on
the 62 kilometre long wastewater line.
The office has been established to
provide project management, TBM field
service, conveyer systems service and
sales functions in Mexico and other
Spanish-speaking countries in Latin
America.
“There is
a lot of work
coming up in
Mexico, and it
is an important
new market for
us. The office will
serve as a centre
of operations
for both current and
future projects,” said
General Manager of
Robbins Mexico Roberto
Gonzalez.
United States
In New York City, the subways are
integral to the daily transportation of its
8.3 million inhabitants. Due to severe
overcrowding on existing subway lines
in the Big Apple, the city is set to commence
two large-scale projects to extend
the underground network.
The first project will be the extension
of east-west Line 7 from Times Square in
the east towards 25th Street in the south.
The second project is the new construction
of the Second Avenue Line from
125th Street in the north to the southern
tip of Manhattan.
Due to the existing extensive network
of supply lines for water, gas, electricity
and data layered beneath the streets of
New York, the tunnels for the two lines
must be excavated as deeply as possible.
Excavation must also cross beneath traffic
tunnels, the impact of which must remain
as low as possible.
The S-467 and S-468 Herrenknecht
Double Shields are excavating the two
Line 7 tunnels, with the machines having
commenced the project in April and
June of 2009 respectively. Both with a
diameter of 6.8 metres, the two machines
worked their way through Manhattan’s
hard underground of granite, slate and
serpentinite. Construction of the Second
Avenue subway has not yet begun; the
S-434 Gripper TBM with a diameter of
6.6 metres is still under construction. The
hard rock machine will excavate two sections
of 2.4 and 1.5 kilometres in length
respectively.
Phase 1 of the project is expected to be
completed by 2015.
In Miami, Florida, the Miami Access
Tunnel Project management company
has recently awarded a $US654 million
contract to French construction company
Bouygues Travaux Publics to build a
second access road tunnel to the Port of
Miami.
The project, which is scheduled to
commence mid-2010, will include the construction
of two 1.1 kilometres tunnels of
12.3 metres diameter and their access
roads, as well as the electromechanical
engineering for the underground sections
and the construction of operational
building.
Construction of the road tunnel will be
crucial to the development of the Port of
Miami which is currently only serviced by
a single highway. The new access road
will become the principal route for trucks,
decongesting downtown Miami by removing
the freight traffic now obliged to pass
through it.
Meanwhile, underground infrastructure
works are currently being planned and
organised to help alleviate the immediate
effects of earthquakes that frequently rock
the California coast.
The San Francisco Public Utilities
Commission has just approved the
$US250 million New Irvington Tunnel
Project as part of the $US4.6 billion Water
System Improvement Program.
The project will see the installation of a
5.6 kilometre long seismically designed
tunnel to provide water supplies from
the Sierra Nevada Mountains and the
Alameda Watershed to Bay Area water
distribution systems.
The seismic water tunnel will be excavated
using conventional mining methods,
including a road header and controlled
detonations. The finished horseshoe
shaped tunnel will have an internal diameter
of approximately 2.5–3.2 metres.
The San Francisco Public Utilities
Commission has identified the New
Irvington Tunnel project as one of the most
important projects of the entire system, as
it will ensure that 2.5 million inhabitants will
have water after a major earthquake.
The tender for the New Irvington Tunnel
Project went to bid in November 2009,
and construction is due to commence in
April 2010. The project is scheduled to be
completed by 2014.
special feature
January 2010 - Trenchless International
18
19

Xinjian Uygur
Crossing China with HDD
Zhongwei
Bejing
Tianjin
HDD
January 2010 - Trenchless International
Essential infrastructure is being rapidly expanded across China. One of the largest projects, the second
West – East Gas Transmission Pipeline, is using Trenchless Technology to protect sensitive environments.
This $US23.3 billion gas pipeline
project involves the construction of
the 8,704 kilometre pipeline that will
connect Horgos, located in Xinjian
Uygur Autonomous Region, with the
Hong Kong Special Administrative
Region after traversing 14 provinces,
autonomous regions and municipalities.
The trunk pipeline is estimated to cost
$US10.3 billion, while the
network is expected to cost
$US13 billion.
The pipeline is being designed with a
capacity of 30 billion cubic metres of gas
per annum. Construction commenced in
late 2008 and is expected to be completed
by 2011.
HDD in Tianjin
On the second West – East natural gas
transmission project the Tianjin pipeline
bureau organised the installation of
pipe near the Tianjin West Outer Ring
No.10 Bridge district. The contractors
selected horizontal directional drilling
because the anti-corrosion steel pipeline
crossed nearly 400 metres of green belt
land, as well as a sewage canal and
waste high-voltage towers. The length
of the directional drilling crossing was
510 metres with a design depth of
15 metres.
Project contractor Mr Xing identified
some of the major challenges of the
crossing. “The main difficulty was overcoming
the strong local interference,
such as the magnetic declinations that
are different along the path.”
The river banks in the green belt
were of smooth topography. The river is
approximately 110 metres wide, and the
riverbed elevation is approximately four
metres. Ground condition on the crossing
consisted of clay and sand.
• Clay layer: 1.6–25 metres in depth
• Clay/sand: 17–20 metres
• Sand: 25 metres below.
The contractors used a ZT-150 HDD
Drillto's HDD rig in action.
rig and SST guidance system, applying
several technical measures to successfully
finish the project and overcome the
influence of the interference. The crossing
started on 16 May 2009, with the pipeline
pullback completed on 6 June.
In order to determine the placement of
the drilling rigs, the entry point and exit
point needed to be set to the central axis.
In this particular project it was very difficult
to set out the central axis because of the
large tracts of green belt. The contractors
used GPS to overcome this challenge.
The completion of the pilot hole, the key
to the entire project, used a ZT-150 horizontal
directional drilling rig. The drilling
tool combination included the non-magnetic
drill bit, the non-magnetic probe
house, the non-magnetic sub, the nonmagnetic
drill collar and the Φ127 drill
pipe. The guidance system used was
the SST orientation system. The drill bit
was buried with a designed nine degree
angle, with the drilling completed in strict
accordance to the design requirements.
Construction process
Machinery:
Drillto Trenchless Company ZT-150
horizontal directional drill
Power:
450 kW
Maximum torque:
66,000 Nm
Pull back force:
1,500 KN
Thrust force:
1,500 KN
Output speed:
0-32, 0-70
Incidence angle:
10° -18°
Mud pump maximum
displacement:
1,400 litres per minute
Pump up the pressure:
10 Mpa
The biggest pullback diameter:
1,200 mm
Maximum through distance:
2,000 metres
Drilling rig structure:
Crawler
Pilot way:
SST
Pipeline progress
The project has been divided
into eastern and western sections
with Zhongwei, located in
Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,
designated as the pipeline’s midpoint.
The western section, running
2,461 kilometres from Horgos to
Zhongwei, commenced construction
in February 2008 and the welding
work on the principal parts of the
trunk line is now complete. The eastern
section, running 2,477 kilometres
from Zhongwei to Guangzhou with a
designed pressure of 10 MPa, commenced
construction in December
2008. The eastern section is expected
to connect into the Turkmenistan –
China Gas Pipeline, which is currently
under construction and is scheduled
to be commissioned in 2011. On
16 November the tunnelled crossing
of the Changjiang River was successfully
completed. The crossing
was a key engineering project for the
Second West – East Gas Pipeline.
The crossing took place between
Jiujiang City in Jiangxi Province
and Wuxue City in Hubei Province,
with a horizontal crossing span of
2,590 metres.
SST drill path diagram.
The first challenge was the inability to
use basic magnetic declination due to the
widely varied magnetic declination along
the drill path. The Drillto engineers used the
SST system to take the magnetic declination
at shore as its reference. A computer
was then used to control the azimuth and
pitch, in order to guide the bore under the
river. After the drill crossed the river ground
tracking continued to be used.
At approximately 50 metres from the
exit point each drill pipe must carefully
follow the drill pipe inclinometer to ensure
accuracy, points around the pipe were
excavated to prevent interference. Finally
the bit with the angle of 6° broke through
just in the centre line.
The pilot hole
The thrust and torque were in normal
condition and, by suitably adjusting the
pump volume and mud viscosity, the pilot
hole was completed smoothly.
After the pilot hole was completed the
contractor set down the non-magnetic drill
string, then did the grading reaming, with
a final bore diameter of 1,000 mm. The
first successful bore extended back the
500 mm diameter barrel reamer. When
the 700 mm barrel reamer was extending
back, both the pulling force and torque
increased significantly. Through careful
observation, Drillto engineers found mud
viscosity was too low to lead the cuttings
back. The 700 mm diameter pulled back
to expand rapidly following the adjustment
of mud viscosity. The 900 mm and
1,000 mm diameter reamed smoothly.
The 1,000 mm diameter reamer first
washed the hole, adjusted the mud viscosity
to 45s to ensure a clean hole, while
the second washing used high-quality
mud and increased the mud lubrication
performance to ensure a low friction coefficient.
Throughout the reaming process
Shanghai
Hong Kong
appropriate adjusted mud displacement,
controlled pullback speed, and attention
to the pump pressure, torque, and the
changing back drag force ensured the
successful completion of the crossing.
The final step, to pull back the pipeline
used a combination of a 900 mm
reamer, a 150 T swierl, 5 T U-clip and the
711 X 14.2 mm diameter pipeline. The pullback
was achieved by carefully observing
drill rig tension, torque, mud return back
and control of the pullback speed.
Conclusion
Magnetic orientation can be achieved
by using other functions to solve signal
interference problems or magnetic
declination difference. Furthermore,
the correct proportion of mud helped
to ensure the successful completion
of the project. In future, construction
project priorities will include observing
the drilling rig, mud return back, and
promptly adjusting the mud. Mr Xing
said “Thanks a lot to the engineers from
Drillto Company, who used their experience
and technique to help complete the
project successfully.”
The pipeline is expected to increase
the share of natural gas in China’s energy
consumption by one to two per cent and
play a significant role in boosting the
country’s domestic natural gas demand,
facilitate the improvement of China’s
machinery manufacturing, improve the
nation’s energy structure and promote
economic and social development to the
adjacent regions along the pipeline.
HDD January 2010 - Trenchless International
20
21

Magnetic steering of CSG wells
by Jamie Dorey
The application of Trenchless Technology is common in many
important resource sectors including gas and oil. Here we discover
how horizontal directional drilling is being used to access
coal seam gas.
HDD
January 2010 - Trenchless International
22
Prime Horizontal Ltd, a pioneer
in developing intersection technology for
the horizontal directional drilling (HDD)
industry, is now servicing the coal seam
gas (CSG) market with the equipment and
engineers to perform horizontal-to-vertical
well intersections.
The company's Rotating Magnet
Ranging System is being used to guide,
in real time, the drilling of CSG production
wells when they are drilled horizontally to
intersect vertical production wells.
What is Coal Seam Gas?
CSG, also known as coal bed
methane, is found between
natural fractures and cleats
within coal seams. The gas
can be accessed once water
has been removed from the
coal seam, reducing pressure
on the coal seam. Due to the
increasing demand for natural
gas around the world, the use
of unconventional natural gas
such as CSG is becoming more
common.
To improve production and allow better
flow and dewatering of CSG wells, it
is common to have at least one vertical
well intersecting the horizontal lateral.
Pumps are located in these vertical wells
to remove water as well as to lift the gas
to the surface. The technique used to
intersect these vertical wells is important,
as issues with poor intersections
can include build-up of coal fines in the
vertical well and problems with the water
flowing towards the intersection point.
In this application, using a rotating
magnet, a steering tool is lowered into the
target well while a magnet sub is located
in the bottom hole assembly (BHA) directly
behind the bit of the horizontal well. The
rotation of the magnet sub generates
an alternating magnetic field, which is
measured with the sensors in the steering
tool. As the horizontal drilling comes into
proximity of the target well, the magnetic
fields are recorded and processed with
the output information being co-ordinate
range and angular co-ordinates to the
target well. The result of the process is the
intersection of the vertical target well by
the horizontal well by means of correcting
the original trajectory using the ranging
information from the Rotating Magnet.
It is now possible to intersect the target
without having to perform a sidetrack and
re-drilling as is currently required by DC
and Passive ranging technology.
The use of DC magnetic fields for
ranging of vertical well targets is well documented
and has been used for a number
of years in the CSG industry. Not so well
known are the technical benefits gained
when using AC magnetic fields rather than
DC fields. The primary benefit of using AC
rotating magnets is the increased signalto-noise
ratio against the various magnetic
distortions commonly encountered in HDD
magnetic guidance. In a magnetically
quiet environment, DC magnetic fields
work well, but the more common case is
a magnetically noisy environment in which
magnetic field distortions have one or
more causes. In these environments, the
sensitivity of the steering tool to common
AC magnetic field distortions is reduced
by the use of the AC Rotating Magnet
in combination with appropriate noise
reduction software so ranging can be performed
with greater confidence.
There are numerous economic benefits
for using Prime Horizontal’s rotating magnet
ranging service. Intersect operations
become streamlined and take less time.
This in turn allows better planning for
operators to gain cost savings from their
production plans. Well conditioning is
maintained and the risk of losing horizontal
drilling tools downhole while ranging
at depth is reduced since, while ranging,
the circulation is maintained constant,
whereas DC ranging requires the pumps
to be turned off each time a co-ordinate
ranging “shot” is taken. Ranging occurs
while the well is being drilled, so the only
time necessary to halt drilling operations
is the time needed for the regular breaks
to connect drill pipe and take directional
surveys.
By using the AC magnetic technology,
Prime Horizontal now offers a unique service
that is at the forefront of technology in
completing more productive CSG wells.
For more information please contact Jamie Dorey on m: +61 408 065771 b: +31 251 271 790
or visit www.primehorizontal.com
Precision.
Accuracy.
Professionalism.
HDD Guidance Services
ParaTrack Distributor
Drilling Tool Sales and Rental
Prime Horizontal Companies
The Netherlands: +31 (0)251 271 790
In USA: 1-570-675-0901
www.primehorizontal.com

Journal review
Environmental considerations for pipeline construction with
horizontal directional drilling are discussed in the latest edition of
The Journal of Pipeline Engineering (JPE). Here, Editor-in-Chief John
Tiratsoo outlines an article discussing horizontal directional drilling
construction methods.
after the pullback, can be considerable.
Recently, in the Netherlands, problems
occurred during pullback operations at a
number of locations where relatively large
diameter pipelines are being installed.
The problems varied from high pulling
forces to abandoned pullback operations
due to a jammed pipeline. The pipeline-soil
interaction during the pullback
operation has been identified as the cause
of these issues.
The current Dutch method for calculating
the pullback force on the pipe
is based on the soil-pipeline interaction,
developed over ten years ago. The
method considers the distribution of the
normal forces between the pipeline and
the wall of the pre-reamed borehole.
For general design purposes, this is
a quick and relatively simple method
for the calculation of the distribution of
normal forces between the pipeline and
the borehole wall, and gives a reasonable
estimate of the maximum pullback
force. The reason for pulling problems,
however, cannot be explained with this
method, and recent research has shown
that the behaviour of the head of the
John Tiratsoo.
pipeline is of major importance in the
pullback operation.
The joint paper from the Netherlandsbased
National Institute Geo-Engineering
Unit in Delft and NV Nederlandse Gasunie
reports on research undertaken into the
behaviour of the head of the pipeline at its
connection with the pullback equipment
in the curved sections of an HDD trajectory.
The authors describe the model they
have developed for the pullback operation,
and simulations they performed to
study the behaviour of a pipeline in the
borehole during the pullback operation
of an HDD project. The model describes
the complex set of interactions between
the pipeline, the drilling pipe, the drilling
fluid, and the soil in the borehole.
From the simulations and analytical
solutions, the authors show that the soilreaction
forces are much higher when
the head of the pipeline is located in
the bend compared to when the head
of the pipeline has passed through the
bend. Depending on the ground conditions
and the bending radius, these
high soil-reaction stresses in the curved
section may cause damage to the
pipeline coating, and may lead to penetration
of the borehole wall, which in
turn leads to high pulling forces and may
lead to a stuck pipeline or to damaged
pullback equipment.
This article first appeared in the September edition of the Journal of Pipeline Engineering. Abstracts of the
complete contents and subscription information can be found at www.j-pipe-eng.com
HDD
Pipeline installation by HDD:
pullback governs success
Soil reaction force at the head of the
pipeline during the pullback operation
of horizontal directional drilling, by J P
Pruiksma, H J Brink, H M G Kruse, and J
Spiekhout.
Horizontal directional drilling (HDD) for
installing pipelines under obstacles such
as river or canal crossings, and road and
railway embankments, is widely used for
pipes 20 inches in diameter and above.
The method is particularly suited to soils
such as clays, through which it is easy to
drill. Considerable lengths of pipe can be
installed in this way: the process involves
drilling an oversized pilot hole along the
planned trajectory, filling it with drilling
‘mud’ such as Bentonite, and then ‘pulling
back’ the actual pipeline through the
drilled hole.
There are few standards that actually
provide guidance for this operation,
the most critical aspect of which is the
pullback operation. The cost of damaged
pipes if things go wrong, and the
cost of additional measures during and
Gets you safely over the river.
hdd
January 2010 - Trenchless International
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Mears gets you safely under the river.
In horizontal directional drilling, the challenges are invisible from the surface. This is especially true when planning
and executing an underwater crossing. Mears has an experienced team that anticipates and prevents problems.
In fact, no one has a better track record of completing long, complex river crossings and shore approaches
safely and on-time. Partner with Mears, and we will get you to the other side
safely and on time.
Call (800) 632-7727 or visit www.mears.net
Mears Group Inc. is a Quanta Pipeline Services company
January 2010 - Trenchless International
24
25

Crossing the Athabasca River
Fort McMurray is the major urban centre within the Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo, located in
northeast Alberta, Canada, the town is situated just south of a major oilsands development. To service
the expansive urban growth in the area, the municipality has invested in major infrastructure upgrades,
including twin sanitary sewer forcemain crossing of the Athabasca River.
HDD
January 2010 - Trenchless International
The Athabasca River flows from the
Columbia Glacier of the Columbia Icefield
in Jasper National Park in Alberta.
The crossing includes one 1,350 metre
and one 1,200 metre 900 mm DR11 HDPE
pipes installed by horizontal directional
drilling (HDD). The Regional Municipality
of Wood Buffalo (RMWB) Project Team
consisting of Stantec Consulting Ltd.,
Complete Crossings Inc. (CCI), Thurber
Engineering Ltd., Consun Construction
and Direct Horizontal Drilling Inc.,
encountered major challenges that had
to be overcome to allow the project to
proceed successfully.
The geological conditions included gas
pockets detected during the geotechnical
investigations resulting in the need to
implement significant gas mitigation strategies
such as installing surface casing
and grant rotating heads most commonly
used in the oil and gas drilling industry.
The rig location was also equipped with
a 24 hour gas monitoring system to
ensure the safety of teams involved. The
fractured limestone layers near the river
surface also presented concerns for possible
drilling mud releases to the surface
or into the river. Large setbacks from
the river banks and a drill depth of over
40 metres under the river bottom were
employed to accommodate the concerns.
The large depths resulted in the
need to perform a wet product pipe pull,
the pipe was filled with water to overcome
buoyancy effects. Furthermore, the
Athabasca River is heavily scrutinised
by the environmental agencies and First
Nations, so a full scale turbidity monitoring
program had to be included from the
onset of drilling operations.
HDD contractors generally work in the
highly risk oriented world of major oil and
gas exploration, where the oil and gas
companies accept high levels of risk. The
HDD companies normally pass any risk
of drilling on to their clients. In contrast,
municipalities do not usually assume
project risk as they work with public
funds in strictly controlled budgets. The
challenge to merge the two environments
required a detailed Risk Assessment
Program be undertaken to identify the
specific risks, responsibilities, mitigative
measures as well as the potential value of
the risk occurrence. The process allowed
the RMWB to assign specific contingency
amount to account for their portion of
the risk.
One major challenge occurred when,
just prior to the start of construction, a
major construction conflict with the adjacent
major highway upgrade required
the design team to design an alternative
river crossing route in a matter of
weeks. Significant rights-of-way and work
space challenges had to be overcome as
numerous landowners and conflicts presented
themselves very late in the design
process.
The significant risks identified for the
project necessitated the implementation
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hdd
January 2010 - Trenchless International
26
27

New certificate for HDD
The development of recognised training and qualification in the different trenchless technologies is a
fundamental component of growing the industry worldwide.
HDD
January 2010 - Trenchless International
of a 24 hour per day full scale drilling
monitoring program which was provided
by CCI. This program provided the RMWB
with the assurance that all drilling related
mitigation strategies were implemented
and confirmed throughout the construction
period. With the logistical issues
surmounted, the various risks identified
and mitigation strategies implemented,
the project was launched in June 2009
and the final line pull completed in early
November.
Overcoming obstacles
underground
Direct Horizontal Drilling had to overcome
many obstacles on this project. The
first obstacle that had to be dealt with
was the potential of encountering pockets
An aerial view of the project.
of high pressure methane gas. This was
completed with the installation of surface
casing, a grant rotating head and stand
alone monitors.
The next challenge was the pilot hole
guidance across the river. With very little
land in which to set a surface tracking coil,
a barge was used as a base for a solenoid
beacon system to track the drill head
across the water. In the end, it was the
combination of tracking systems and azimuth
heading calculations that guided the
drilling head to a successful punch out.
When the reaming was complete there
was a wire attached to the first HDPE
product line pipe, as it was being installed,
which was to act as ranging wire for the
Para Track II guidance tracking for the
second pilot hole. With the ranging wire in
the first hole the guidance technician was
able to tell distance and direction from this
hole while drilling the second pilot hole to
ensure adequate separation.
The final challenge was buoyancy control.
With the product line being made of
HDPE, buoyancy water was to be added
to the inside of the pipe to reduce the
positive forces while it was being pulled
into the hole. To overcome the challenge
of delivering water to the leading end of
the product pipe, a four inch HDPE pipe
was pulled inside the 36 inch product
line. Continuous operation was required to
keep the fill water from freezing during the
sub zero temperatures.
To conclude, both product lines were
pulled in successfully, safely and with
minimal pull forces.
InfraTrain New Zealand has
launched an extensively revised qualification
for horizontal directional drilling
(HDD), which has been developed in
partnership with the trenchless industry.
The National Certificate in Civil
Construction Works (Horizontal Directional
Drilling) is a Level 3 qualification. It will
replace the existing National Certificates
in Horizontal Directional Drilling – Level
2, and Horizontal Directional Drilling (Site
Controller), Level 3 – offered by InfraTrain,
and current trainees will be able to transfer
to the new qualification.
The new national certificate meets the
requirement for an up-to-date qualification
that is relevant to the industry’s needs.
Designed for people working in HDD
operations, it comprises core compulsory
and elective unit standards, plus elective
strands for driller, tracker and site supervisor
roles.
This new qualification is
an important step in the
continuing improvement and
growing professionalism of
the trenchless industry
- Steve Apeldoorn
The core compulsory units cover:
• Preparation for HDD operations and
site restoration
• Bore exit and pipe entry tasks
• Strike avoidance and strike response
• Health, safety and environment
requirements
The core elective section provides
a wide choice of units which can be
selected to suit job requirements,
including:
• First Aid
• Civil plant operation and management
• Civil construction works
• Civil construction supervision
• Health, safety and environment
• Temporary traffic management.
Industry technical experts have provided
advice on the unit standards and
the structure of the qualification, and on a
learning resource – Horizontal Directional
Drilling Guide for the Driller, Tracker
and Site Supervisor – to assist trainees
in their learning. The guide covers key
responsibilities for each of the roles,
as well as information about obtaining
consents, ground conditions, drill fluids,
strike avoidance and dealing with strikes,
and site set-up.
InfraTrain Project Manager Amanda
Smidt says “During the development
stage, the qualification and learning
resource were trialled with a selection of
industry trainees and employers. Their
feedback resulted in further improvements
being made prior to the launch."
Maxi-Rig Directional Drills
Auger Boring Machines
Product Tooling & Accessories
Mud Pump & Cleaning Systems
Oil & Gas Drill Rigs
Mid-Size Directional Drills
Steve Apeldoorn, Director of ProjectMax
Limited and NZ Councillor for the Australian
Society for Trenchless Technology said
“This new qualification is an important
step in the continuing improvement and
growing professionalism of the trenchless
industry within New Zealand. We
recognise the benefits that this new qualification
brings by providing a means of
specifying, developing and assessing the
specialist knowledge required for this type
of work.”
Exceptional Force … Reliable Results.
For 40 years, customers worldwide have
come to know American Augers as a
dedicated manufacturer of underground
technology equipment, which includes
state-of-the-art horizontal directional
drills, earth boring machines, mud pump
and cleaning systems, oil and gas drill
rigs, and various product tooling or
accessory items. Each of the product
categories produce equipment that
maintains rugged, unsurpassed power,
and industry leading designs.
HDD
January 2010 - Trenchless International
28
AA Company island Ad TI.indd 1
12/14/09 4:57 PM
29

Relining Options
January 2010 - Trenchless International
Renovation of pressure pipelines –
quality assurance with ISO standards
by Wim Elzink, Product Manager Wavin Overseas B.V.
Pressure pipelines are often in urgent need of rehabilitation. Here Wim Elzink looks at renovation
options by lining with plastics pipes – in particular with polyethylene pipes – using a variety of
techniques.
Renovation using plastics pipes
is increasingly used to restore the condition
of pressure pipelines. The problem
of assuring the quality and long life durability
of the renovated pipeline can now
be overcome with the aid of soon to be
published international standards, which
are also described.
Our society depends very much on
our infrastructure, such as roads and
bridges. Our pipe and cable networks
underground however, are also crucial
assets in our daily life.
Pressure pipelines cross our cities invisibly
and slowly but surely get older and
older. They gradually decay because of
corrosion and in many cases are a potential
threat to our daily life.
Water mains may burst, causing traffic
delays. Gas mains may explode, causing
an even greater impact. Water and gas
companies all over the world realise the
hidden problems and have started taking
measures to prevent disasters from
happening.
Instead of troubleshooting by repairs
when it is too late, the companies are
increasingly taking proactive measures.
Over time pipeline rehabilitation can save
a lot of hassle and money.
Trenchless renovation
Unlike other consumptive materials simply
replacing the old stuff is no longer
considered a viable option. Replacing
pipelines via traditional open cut trenching
causes enormous inconvenience, in
particular in crowded urban environments.
This is why trenchless pipeline renovation,
typically by lining, is becoming
increasingly popular: installing a new
pipeline to take over the function of the old
one without having to dig it up. Trenchless
renovation techniques use the existing
hole in the ground.
As with all civil constructions the
quality of the installed pipe is crucial for
the durability of the new pipeline. With
pipe renovation it must be assured that
the pipe can handle the specific installation
constraints.
This is the reason why liner pipe, which
is pulled or pushed into place, is generally
made from abrasion-resistant plastic
material, such as polyethylene. Some renovation
techniques make use of pipes with
a temporarily decreased cross-section.
This enables easy installation, and once
installed the pipes can be reformed again
to come to a close fit with the interior of
the old pipe.
Clearly there is need for quality assurance
of the installed product.
To enable independent quality assurance,
the international standardisation
organisation, ISO, is in the process of publishing
standards for pipeline renovation
Schematic representation of structural classes of pressure pipe liners.
techniques, for both pressure and
non-pressure applications. These new
standards update, on the basis of recent
industry experience, the pioneering
documents originally developed by the
European standards organisation, CEN,
that were published between five and
seven years ago.
Classification of pressure liners
When considering pressure pipe liners,
the basic structural aspects must firstly be
addressed.
In the forthcoming ISO 11295 standard
‘Classification and information on
design of plastics piping systems used
for renovation’, a universally applicable
classification system is set out. It arose
from combining the existing European
and American classifications.
In Europe, EN 13689 (to be replaced by
EN ISO 11295 once published) already
defined ‘independent’ and ‘interactive’
pressure pipe liners as follows:
• Independent pressure pipe liner – liner
capable on its own of resisting without
failure all applicable internal loads
throughout its design life
• Interactive pressure pipe liner – liner
which relies on the existing pipeline
for some measure of radial support
in order to resist without failure all
applicable internal loads throughout its
design life.
In America, the AWWA Manual M28
makes distinction between liners defined
as ‘Non-Structural’, ‘Semi-Structural’ and
‘Fully Structural’. Four classes in total are
defined, since the ‘Semi-Structural’ category
is also subdivided.
The new classification concept in ISO
11295, introduced by Gumbel et al., 2004,
has adopted four structural classes A – D
(pictured page 30).
Class A: independent liners, as defined
above, do not rely on the existing pipeline
for radial support. They may be
loose-fitting or close-fitting according to
installation technique. Class A liners are
capable of surviving future structural failure
of the host pipe and will then continue
to carry the internal pressure loads over
the remaining design life.
Classes B and C: interactive liners are
not capable on their own of resisting all
KA-TE PMO,
the No. 1 in
Robotic Sewer
Rehabilitation
KA-TE PMO AG / Schwerzistrasse 4 / CH-8807 Freienbach
www.kate-pmo.ch / Telephone +41 (0) 55 415 58 58
applicable internal loads, and therefore
rely on the existing pipeline for some
measure of radial support. A liner is
considered interactive if, when tested
independently from the host pipe, the
long-term pressure strength is less than
the maximum operating pressure of the
rehabilitated pipeline. An interactive
pressure pipe liner is always a closefitting
installation. Class B liners stand on
their own, while Class C liners depend
on sticking to the old pipe’s interior. The
existing pipeline may contain holes or
joint gaps to a certain extent, which can
be bridged.
Class D: these liners may improve the
condition of the existing pipeline, but from
a structural point of view they do not contribute
at all.
This new ISO structural classification
refers only to the response of the liner
pipe to internal pressure. Where applicable,
the designer has to take other
forces into consideration, such as external
loads (groundwater head) or negative
pressures.
Renovation technique families
Many different techniques and materials
are available for lining pressure pipelines.
To enable the drafting of comparable
requirements for all these techniques, ISO
11295 provides a grouping into so-called
Renovation Technique Families.
Test Winner IKT Repair
Methods «Main Sewers»,
July 2009
The technique families applicable for
pressure pipelines are:
• Lining with continuous pipes
• Lining with close-fit pipes
• Lining with cured-in-place pipes
• Lining with adhesive-backed hoses
• Coating.
Lining with continuous pipes (often
referred to as sliplining)
Lining with pipe made continuous for
the length of the section to be renovated
prior to insertion; the cross section of the
lining pipe remains unchanged. For pressure
pipe applications, continuous pipe
liners must be designed structurally as
Class A.
Schematic representation of lining with
continuous pipes.
Lining with close-fit pipes
Lining with a continuous plastic pipe
for which the cross-section is reduced
to facilitate installation and reverted after
installation to provide a close fit to the
existing pipe. Two types of methods can
Test Winner IKT Repair
Methods «House Connections»,
June 2004
Relinging Options
January 2010 - Trenchless International
30
31

elining options
January 2010 - Trenchless International
Above and right: Schematic representations
of lining with close-fit pipes.
be distinguished here:
• Methods using site-reduced pipes;
• Methods using factory-reduced pipes.
For pressure pipe applications, close-fit
pipe liners may fall into structural Class A
or Class B.
Lining with CIPP
Lining with a flexible tube impregnated
with a thermosetting resin which produces
a pipe after resin cure.
This family includes a wide range of
resin-fibre composite pipes installed and
cured by a similarly wide range of techniques.
For pressure pipe applications,
CIPP liners generally fall under Class A or
B, but where thin liners are applied using
adhesive resin may also be Class C.
Top: Schematic representations of lining
with cured-in-place pipes:
installation by inversion (above)
winched-in-place installation (below).
Lining with adhesive-backed hoses
This is lining with a reinforced hose
that relies on an adhesive bond to the
host pipe in order to provide resistance
to collapse.
In the original EN standards this family
was included with CIPP liners due to
similarities in installation and resin curing
techniques. In the new ISO standards it
has been separated because the structural
action of the woven hose component
is quite different and requires different
quality assurance tests from those applied
to resin-fibre composites. Adhesivebacked
hoses, by definition, always fall
into structural Class C.
Coating
Coating refers to spray application
of a layer of protective material to the
inside of the existing pipeline. Coating
has been applied extensively to renovate
water lines where the structural condition
of the existing pipeline is still sufficient,
but problems with water quality have to
be tackled. According to water chemistry
and durability requirements, coatings of
cement mortar, epoxy or polyurethane
resin may be applied. Coating generally
conforms to structural Class D, although
high build variants could in principle also
fall under Class C.
Quality assurance of plastics
liners
The approach taken by ISO is to provide
the tools (material-specific requirements
and test methods) to demonstrate and
assure the long-term quality of the liners.
Drafting system standards for products for
renovation of existing pipelines brought
along one complexity: many products
delivered from the factory undergo a
change in shape and/or material state
during site installation.
It could be stated that the products as
supplied by the manufacturer are halfproducts
only, while the user is only
interested in proof of functionality of the
product after installation. This complication
has been addressed in the ISO
renovation product standards by considering
the lining system at two distinct
stages as follows:
• ‘M’ stage – stage as manufactured,
before any subsequent site processing
of components associated with the
particular renovation technique;
• ‘I’ stage – stage as installed, i.e. in final
configuration after any site processing
of components associated with the
particular renovation technique.
Schematic representation of lining with
adhesive-backed hoses.
Following this, the system standards
for plastics piping systems for renovation
of existing pipelines are distinguished
from those for conventionally installed
plastics piping systems by setting requirements
for certain characteristics in the
as-installed condition, after site processing.
This is in addition to specifying
requirements for system components as
manufactured. To verify conformity of a
liner to ‘I’ stage requirements, testing can
be done on a representative sample taken
either from the actual installation or from
a simulated installation. In a simulated
installation ‘as-installed’ samples are produced
under conditions incorporating all
relevant circumstances which may affect
the end-product characteristics.
The feature ‘approval installed products
before they have been installed’ is unique
in pipeline construction, even with newly
installed pipes. Pipes, fittings and assemblies
should preferably be produced by
the manufacturer under a quality system
conforming to ISO 9001, which includes
a quality plan.
Installation should likewise be executed
under a quality system that includes site
procedures documented in an installation
manual.
By using the above, technique suppliers
are capable of demonstrating the
viability of the liners installed with their
technique. It can be concluded that quality
of installed liners is well assured.
Quality tests
Although specifying the related product
tests, the new ISO standards do not
directly cover procedures for assessment
of conformity. The recommended
scheme for such assessment included
in informative annexes to European
standards EN 14409-1 and EN 14409-
3, corresponding respectively to Part 1
‘General’ and Part 3 ‘Lining with close-fit
pipes’ of the new ISO standard 11298
‘Plastics piping systems for renovation
of underground water supply networks’,
nevertheless still applies. The general
approach is described here, and illustrated
by reference to one example of a
factory-folded, close-fit PE liner, namely
Wavin Compact Pipe.
When applying the product tests prescribed
in the ISO standards, distinction
is made between type tests (for product
qualification), batch release tests
(part of ongoing factory process control)
and site process verification tests (additional
quality checks made after each
installation).
Type tests should demonstrate that
products conform to all requirements for
the characteristics given in the respective
standard. Batch release tests should
be performed by the manufacturer at the
start of each batch of pipes, which has
to be satisfactorily completed before the
batch can be released. Site process verification
tests include, for example, CCTV
inspection and pressure testing to confirm
complete re-rounding and leak-tightness
of the liner pipe once installed.
Following the latest version of ISO
11298-3, the following should be type
tested:
• Compound
• Appearance
• Geometrical characteristics
• Mechanical characteristics of pipes:
hydrostatic internal pressure strength
(three different tests including longterm
and high temperature), and
stretchability
• Physical characteristics: memory
ability, effect on water quality and
resistance to weathering
• Mechanical characteristics of assembly:
hydrostatic internal pressure
strength and other tests, including tensile
strength or resistance to pull out,
of all applicable types of joint (butt
fusion, mechanical, electrofusion and/
or socket fusion).
Impressions of Compact Pipe sample
being reverted in the laboratory; simulated
installation (from:‘M’ to ‘I’).
Impressions of Compact Pipe samples
being reverted in actual field conditions;
simulated installation
(from ‘M’ to ‘I’).
Impression of memory effect of
compact pipe.
Samples for pressure testing; the water
tank: 80°C water samples submerged and
pressurised.
Most of these tests are repeated on
each batch of pipes manufactured: the
only exceptions are long-term tests for
hydrostatic strength and resistance to
weathering.
For heat-reverted PE pipes, the ISO
standards require a memory test to be
carried out. A pipe sample put in an oven
with an air temperature of 120°C should
come back to at least 65 per cent of its
circular diameter (without applying any
internal pressure).
For pressure pipe applications, hydrostatic
pressure resistance testing is
particularly crucial to assure durability of
the pipe after installation.
Furthermore, in particular for gas applications,
the standards for regular PE
pipes contain special requirements to
test the ability of the pipe to resist cracks
that could lead to catastrophic failure.
This is the reason why the slow crack
growth (SCG) test and the rapid crack
propagation (RCP) test are included in
these standards. Of course these tests
were taken over in the renovation standards
and this is why pipes like compact
pipe should be tested for such crack
resistance.
Set-up for RCP-S4 testing.
Cutting notches for SCG testing at four
‘critical’ longitudinal lines around the
perimeter (pictures courtesy of Becetel
test laboratories, Belgium).
Having assured the quality of the liner
product both in both the ‘M’ and ‘I’ stage,
via type testing and with every batch
of pipes produced, the pipe can be
safely applied, respecting the installation
prescription provided by the technique
owner. Once fully installed, the pipe will
be camera-inspected to check on the
geometric shape and will be tested for
leak-tightness to make sure that a leakfree
new pipeline is achieved.
Conclusions
• Available lining technologies for pressure
pipelines can be structurally rated
in classes A-D.
• Pipes used for renovation should be
tested both in the as-manufactured (‘M’)
stage and the as-installed (‘I’) stage.
• Quality assurance of installed liners is
possible using the latest ISO standards.
This is an edited version of a paper presented
at Technologies in Asia Pacific Hong Kong 2009
Conference, 18–19 November, Hong Kong. The
contribution to this article of Dr John Gumbel,
convenor of the ISO working group TC138/WG12
responsible for drafting the referenced standards,
is gratefully acknowledged. For full references
and other acknowledgments please see the original
paper. Images reproduced from ISO/FDIS
11295:2009, with permission.
relining Options
January 2010 - Trenchless International
32
33

elining options
January 2010 - Trenchless International
Saxony sewer sees the light
The rehabilitation of 146 metres of oval-profile DN 600/900 as part
of the comprehensive restoration of Schloss Hubertusburg, a cultural
heritage site in Wermsdorf in the German state of Saxony, has been
achieved with light cured CIPP.
Schloss Hubertusburg, once the
most magnificent manor in Saxony and
the largest hunting lodge in all of Europe,
was built in the small town of Wermsdorf
near Leipzig in the 18th century. Today
it is an important monument of Baroque
European architecture. Built between
1721 and 1724 by Elector Augustus II
the Strong as a hunting lodge for his son
Frederick August, the manor estate was
plundered during the Seven Years’ War
and attained historical significance as
the site of the Treaty of Hubertusburg
in 1763. Today, Schloss Hubertusburg
serves as an important medical centre in
Saxony and has a large adjacent hospital
complex.
Since 1998, the old manor house has
been undergoing a €22 million restoration
by the Free State of Saxony. “The goal is
to preserve the estate while making the
buildings usable,” says Heiko Zscheile
of IBZ, an engineering firm based in
Riesa. He is the planning engineer for the
restoration project, which includes the
rehabilitation of several kilometres of sewers.
In March 2009, the Neumarkt-based
company Max Bögl was contracted to
rehabilitate two mixed-water drains on
the premises of the manor house, with a
DN 600/900 oval profile and lengths of
138.5 and 7.5 metres, respectively.
Using the light-curing method
The heritage preservation statutes for
the estate also include the sewer network,
its pipes, shafts, and manhole covers.
For the estate’s numerous 250-year-old,
slab-covered sewers of natural stone,
this means that rehabilitation is mostly
limited to open cut methods involving the
insertion of a pipe into the old sewer and
filling the ring gap between the old and
new pipes with soft mortar. This way, the
old system can be re-exposed at any time
to investigate the original architecture.
However, in the section to be rehabilitated
by Max Bögl, the old slab-covered sewer
had been replaced with an oval-profile
pipe 80 years ago, which allowed the permanent
lining of the old pipe.
The damage was characterised by
root growth and cracks, encrustations at
the joints, and leaking collars. Because
the sewer is up to five metres below
ground and runs close to and sometimes
underneath buildings, the tender for the
rehabilitation specified the use of trenchless
methods. According to Mr Zscheile,
this was a convenient solution. The shape
of the existing pipe was still very good, its
hydraulics were evaluated to be sufficient
for future use, and the reduction in crosssection
– very minor with light-curing liners
– was not a significant factor.
Preparations at the shaft.
For the Hubertusburg project Max Bögl
used, for the first time, the new BLUETEC
curing technology by Brandenburger.
“The opportunity to install our first liner
with the new system at this historical location
is something special for us,” says Tino
Funke, site manager for utilities and waste
disposal at Max Bögl.
As a Brandenburger partner, the enterprise
relies on light-curing glass-fibre
reinforced liners (GFRP) by the German
manufacturer. Since September 2008,
Max Bögl has installed more than three
kilometres of liner ranging from DN 150
to DN 900.
“We investigated the market and concluded
that UV curing is the technology
of the future,” says Mr Funke. “With UV
technology, there are no problems with
quality or during the installation itself. The
curing is significantly faster than with other
processes. Another big advantage is that,
with the camera built into the light chain,
you can inspect the final product even
before the curing starts, while pulling the
light chain through the sewer.”
Mr Funke says that the key factors for the
decision to partner up with Brandenburger
was because the company is a vendor of
both the equipment and the materials,
offers support, and continuously develops
its know-how.
Sewer rehabilitation against a historical backdrop: Schloss Hubertusburg in Saxony.
Positioning the five tonne liner at the
construction site.
Drawing the liner into the shaft.
Brandenburger
cured-in-place-lining
GFRP pipe liner
BLUETEC ® UV equipment
- Seamlessly wound with high and durable strength - Quickest resin curing by using several performance
levels 400/600/1000 W at various diameters
- Uniform resin distribution by unique impregnation
- Newly developed UV lamps with high output
- Factory-prepared, employing Advantex ® E-CR
- Permanent quality control and documentation
glass fibre and special resins
using the control software Reline Control 3.0
- Quality management acc.
- Several types of UV equipment for different conditions
DIN EN ISO 9001:2000
and requirements at the construction site
Liner installation
The project required very detailed planning
and co-ordination. All work had to be
performed without any interruptions to the
operation of the hospital, and the access
road near the installation shafts had to be
kept free for rescue vehicles. Also, the
liner installation had to be co-ordinated
with ongoing construction and civil engineering
projects.
In a preparatory step, ways of access
were determined, dimensions and distances
were measured, and water
drainage requirements were identified.
Since the majority of the buildings are not
yet in use, most of the water was surface
water from the manor roofs. The preparations
for the inliner rehabilitation also
involved work in the sewer. Roots and
sediment had to be removed and offset
between pipe sections had to be straightened
to create a clean cross-section.
“The sewer has a gentle S shape,” says
Mr Funke, describing the special technical
challenges for the installation of the
first, long section. A key factor was the
precise adaptation of the curing device
with special wheels for this oval profile, in
order to keep it at the centre of the sewer
and ensure a uniform curing process.
The GFRP liner had been manufactured
at the Brandenburger facilities in Landau
and pre-impregnated with light-curing
Brandenburger
The High Tech procedure with UVA light-curing process for quick, environmentally sound and durable rehabilitation
of sewer pipes circle profiles DN 150 - 1000 and egg-shaped profiles 200/300 - 800/1200. More than 2.0
million metres of installed liners in 28 countries since 1993.
A system with many years of installation experience, all aspects of the system developed from one company:
Liner production, equipment, technology, service & support.
Brandenburger Liner GmbH & Co. KG
Taubensuhlstraße 6
D - 76829 Landau/Pfalz
Tel. +49 63 41 / 51 04 -0
Fax +49 63 41 / 51 04 -155
e-mail:info@brandenburger.de
www.brandenburger.de
Relining Options
January 2010 - Trenchless International
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35

Sewer rehabilitation using
epoxy resin injection
by Paul Heenan, KA-TE PMO AG
The evolution in the repair of underground infrastructure such as water and wastewater pipes has
resulted in the development of a highly competitive market in relining options. Here Paul Heenan from
KA-TE PMO AG reflects on the importance of independent testing in the development and use of new
products.
relining options
January 2010 - Trenchless International
Heiko Zeile of IBZ, the planning engineer for the rehabilitation project, and
Tino Funke, site manager for utilities and waste disposal at Max Bögl.
Drawing in the protective foil.
polyester resin. It was delivered ready
for installation and pulled into the sewer
directly from the lorry via a conveyor belt.
After the first packer had been installed
and the liner had been pressurised with
air, the curing device with the light chain
consisting of nine UVA lamps at 1,000 kW
each was inserted. At the lowest point, the
second packer was installed.
After the ignition of the light chain the
entire section was cured in approximately
four hours at a speed of about 60 cm
per minute. The final wall thickness calculated
in a stress analysis was 7 mm.
Immediately after curing, the eight inlets
were cut open, and the liner was sealed
to the shaft with epoxy resin. The next
day, the shorter section was rehabilitated
using the same method. A TV acceptance
inspection conducted the following week
confirmed the successful rehabilitation.
After a review of the delivery documents,
the rehabilitation project was
completed to the satisfaction of the client,
the Staatsbetrieb Sächsisches Immobilienund
Baumanagement (Saxonian Real
Estate and Construction Management,
Public Company).
Mr Funke says “The biggest benefit is
that all key parameters like curing speeds,
etc., are recorded automatically in a log.
This is especially important in times of
increasing quality requirements. Another
practical benefit is that the site set-up is
relatively simple.”
Planning engineer Mr Zscheile says
“The inliner method enables us to perform
a permanent rehabilitation extremely
quickly and cost effectively. Using an
open cut method would have increased
costs several times over, and taken much
longer too.”
The UV technology
With Brandenburger’s new
BLUETEC® technology for
trenchless sewer rehabilitation
using light-curing GFRP
inliners, the UVA lamps in the
light sources can be operated
individually at varying power
levels from 400 to 1000 kW,
depending on the sewer profile.
This allows for an optimal
adjustment of the curing speed
to the liner profile (circular, oval,
or special), taking into account
the diameter and wall thickness
of the pipe liner. Expensive and
elaborate control electronics
have been replaced by simpler
systems. This makes the
system easy to operate. In the
event of failures, repairs can be
performed on-site in the majority
of cases. The technology
relies on a patented method of
quality and curing control by
measuring the temperature of
the exothermic curing reaction.
The entire light-curing process
is monitored and documented
online. Key parameters like UV
lamp ignition times, number and
power level of lit lamps, starting
and finishing times, air pressure
inside the liner, curing speeds,
temperature readings for the
exothermic curing reaction,
and the distance travelled
are recorded in a log. Upon
completion of the rehabilitation
project, the client receives a
complete machine-generated
documentation of the lightcuring
process.
Additional information:
www.brandenburger.de
Over the years many systems or methods
of rehabilitating sewers have claimed to
be the next generation and the answer to
the prayers of city, water and municipality
engineers the world over, and yet many of
these promises have not been fulfilled.
The claims from manufacturers cannot
always be accepted and therefore independent
testing organisations such as IKT
(Institute for Underground Infrastructure) of
Germany plays a big role in helping engineers
choose the best method of repair in
a given situation.
Since its establishment in 1994 the organisation
of IKT has been based on a neutral,
independent, non-profit research, testing
and consulting institution. It seeks to find
answers to questions relating to the construction
or repair of underground pipes and
infrastructure networks for gas, water and
wastewater. As an independent and reliable
partner for utility companies, sewer system
operators, water associations and related
industry, IKT offers highly specialised cutting
edge research and testing of technologies in
a practical and application-orientated manner
by means of ‘product tests’.
The objective of IKT product tests is to
provide network operators with reliable and
independent information on the strength
and weaknesses of products and methods
in different wastewater technologies.
The tests are made together with network
operators who follow the whole procedures
over several meetings. An essential
aspect of IKT product tests is the practical
product-quality evaluation, such as
under construction or operating conditions.
The focus of the examinations is
not only to ensure the compliance with
individual standards or bodies of rules and
regulations. It is also to ensure the reliable
fulfilment of network operator requirements
during construction; the operation and the
service life under expected conditions
such as load, groundwater, earth pressure,
volume of traffic or high-pressure cleaning,
is also the focus of attention. The result is
relining options
January 2010 - Trenchless International
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37

The state of road gully
systems in Germany
Part 1
by Dr-Ing R Stein and Dipl-Ing H Cakmak, S & P Consult Bochum GmbH
The maintenance of road gully systems in Germany is often a
neglected component of the wastewater network. This is part
one of the analysis of a survey conducted to assess the cleaning,
inspection and rehabilitation of road gullies in Germany.
This article considers road
drainage in the form of road gullies and
connection sewers. Road gullies serve to
absorb surface water draining off paved
areas and to drain it off into the sewer (see
Figure 1). In addition, road gullies fulfil the
function of restraining gross solids in the
road drain, performing a preliminary purification
of the road drain before the waste
enters the sewer network.
road gully systems was conducted by
the authors. The results of this survey
will be introduced in two parts. In the
first part, the approach to the survey,
the data pool, as well as project specific
key figures will be presented. The second
part (Trenchless International April
2010) includes the results of the survey
regarding inspection, leak-tightness testing,
requirement for restoration, and costs
of modernisation.
strongly depended on the funding local
authorities had available. For some, especially
for small or rural local authorities,
it was impossible to give the required
particulars because data is often not available
in digital form.
In this survey a total of 180 local authorities
from the federal territory of Germany
were contacted – of these, a total of
50 sewer system operators, or 27.8 per
cent responded.
relining options
January 2010 - Trenchless International
that the network operators are provided
with independent, clear, practice-related,
and technically well-founded information
concerning the strengths and weaknesses
as well as areas of application and limits
of the tested products. The network
operators are quickly and comprehensively
informed on product quality with an
understandable evaluation scheme and
a test seal. At the end of any IKT product
test the tested products and methods are
all assessed with marks from very good
to poor.
The results of IKT product tests that
have been completed to date have clearly
shown the need for evaluation of the different
available wastewater technologies,
products and methods in comparative
quality tests in order to provide information
to network owners on the most
suitable method for a particular situation.
In June 2004, IKT conducted testing
of 13 methods of repairs for lateral connections
ranging from inliner, top hats
and robotic methods. Only one manufacturer
was awarded the rating of good
from all those who participated. That
company was KA-TE System AG, now
KA-TE PMO AG, utilising its worldwide
patented – Shield Repair System – which
injects epoxy resin through small openings
behind the shield.
Using a balloon inflated by the robot
into the lateral means that it follows the
natural angle of entry from the lateral into
the main sewer, whatever the angle. This
method allows more than one repair to be
carried out in the same pipe length during
a single travel. The shield has a minimal
effect on the flow of the sewer and can
be removed and re-used after the resin
has cured.
The repaired area is precise and exact,
making it cost effective and efficient,
according to the company. The results
from the test can be downloaded free from
the website (www.ikt.de).
In July 2009, IKT followed up on the previous
tests with Repair Methods in Main
Sewers and once again KA-TE PMO AG
achieved the best test results from the 14
systems tested. The repair this time was
made not by the Shield Repair System,
although this could have been used, but
by manual filling.
The use of epoxy resin injection as a
form of sewer repair is nothing new. There
are more than 170 KA-TE PMO systems
in operation worldwide; it has proven over
the last 20 years to give the city and water
engineers peace of mind when choosing
this over other systems said the company.
The likes of epoxy resin from Epoxonic and
Congresive have been tested and shown
to have no effect, even on drinking water.
Repairs using epoxy resin are
durable and robust, extending the life
of the sewer infrastructure without any
contamination.
Figure 1: Type classification of the road
gully system in the drain and sewer
system using the example of a combined
system.
There are currently no specific strategies
or requirements and standard procedures
for road gully system maintenance. In the
event of serious damage that has resulted
in a breakdown or malfunction of the road
gully system, costly, interim measures
are initiated. Evidence of breakdown may
include visible effects on the sewer, the
environment or traffic, or lead to flooding
of nearby buildings.
The disregard of road gully system
maintenance is in contrast to the requirement
of integral maintenance of drain
and sewer systems stated in DIN EN 752
(German standards for drain and sewer
systems outside buildings). Defective
road gully systems may put at risk the
costly rehabilitation of drain and sewer
systems. In order to assess this situation
a nationwide survey on the state of
Approach
The survey was designed to determine
the actual state, construction, maintenance
expense, operation, as well as
rehabilitation of road gully systems.
The survey was modelled on previous
wastewater surveys (since 1984–85),
most recently in 2004 by the German
Association for Water, Wastewater and
Waste (DWA). The DWA survey aims to
obtain data and information on the state
of the sewer system in Germany and
to be able to make an assessment of
the investment requirements in the costintensive
area of sewage disposal. At
the same time technical developments,
such as construction methods and rehabilitation
procedures, are presented and
documented. To date, road gully systems
have not been recorded or taken into
consideration.
The road gully survey covers:
• General information on the drain and
sewer network
• General information on road gullies
• Cleaning of road gullies
• Inspection of road gullies
• Rehabilitation of road gullies.
Data Pool
The survey took place from June –
December 2006. Survey participation
Figure 2: Distribution of the participating
local authorities relating to the federal
states of Germany.
Distribution of participation:
North Rhine-Westphalia – 66 per cent
Lower Saxony – 8 per cent
Bavaria – 8 per cent
The size class GK 4 (100,000 – 500,000
inhabitants) has the highest representation
at 38 per cent. The Hanseatic
town Hamburg forms the biggest local
authority with a network length of 5,400 kilometres
and a catchment area of 75,600
ha. Billerbeck is smallest with a network
length of 72 kilometres and a catchment
area of 800 ha.
The survey represents approximately
19.86 million inhabitants or 24.1 per cent
of the population. Overall, a sewer network
length of 41,922 kilometres was
Industry developments
January 2010 - Trenchless International
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39

Type of sewer
Recorded
Length of the
Network
Length of the
Network
(DWA 2004)
Total Length
in Germany
(SB)
Recorded
Percentage
related to
DWA
Recorded
Percentage
related to SB
Drain and
Sewer System
Total Length
of the German
Sewer System
Literature
[-] [km] [-]
Combined
Sewers
[km] [km] [km] [%] [%]
22,422 40,714 233,907 54.6% 9.5%
Laterals 972,318 (DWA 2004)
Public Sewers 486,159 (DWA 2004)
Figure 3: Distribution of the participating
local authorities relating to inhabitantbased
size classes (GK).
Waste Water
Sewers
Surface Water
Sewers
9,878 23,303 154,628 42.4% 6.4%
9,801 19,144 97,624 51.2% 10.0%
Total 41,992 83,161 468,159 50.4% 8.6%
Table 1: Distribution of registered types of sewers in comparison to both their overall length
in Germany and the network length recorded by the DWA.
Figure 7: Length distribution of connection
sewers of road gullies in the participating
local authorities.
Public
Connection
Sewers
96,317
Own
Analysis
Table 3: Length of the sewer system in
Germany.
Figure 8: Road gully versions made of
concrete according to DIN 4052.
industry development
January 2010 - Trenchless International
Figure 4: Distribution of drain and
sewer systems of the participating local
authorities in comparison to both the
overall length of the networks in Germany
and the results of the DWA relating to this.
covered by the survey (see Table 1).
According to specifications of the Federal
Statistical Office (FSO), this corresponds
to 8.6 per cent of the total sewer network
in Germany. Compared to the information
collected in the 2004 DWA survey the
network length that was covered here is
approximately 50 per cent.
In Figure 4, the distribution of drain and
sewer systems of the participating local
authorities is shown. Thus, 53 per cent of
the sewer networks consist of combined
sewers, 24 per cent of wastewater sewers,
and 23 per cent of surface water sewers.
These figures correspond approximately
to those of the DWA survey.
Figure 5 shows the percentage distribution
of the lengths of drain and
Figure 5: Length of drain and sewer
networks of the participating local
authorities.
sewer networks in relation to the participating
local authorities. Approximately
44 per cent of the local authorities operate
a sewer network of more than 600
kilometres in length. The smallest proportion,
with four per cent each, is constituted
by both local authorities with network
lengths of less than 100 kilometres, and
those with network lengths between
400–500 kilometres.
General information
on road gullies
The questions regarding the amount,
type distribution, material distribution, and
age distribution of road gully systems
were answered by 47 of the 50 local
authorities taking part in the survey, or
94 per cent.
Total number of road gullies
Depending on a large number of influencing
factors, for example the length of
network, drainage method, or land utilisation,
the number of road gullies in an
authority's registered drain and sewer networks
varies between 2,020 and 160,000
(see Figure 6). Therefore, approximately
72 per cent of the questioned local authorities
operate more than 10,000 road gullies
in their sewer network.
Overall, a total of 1,465,804 road
Figure 6: Number of road gullies in drain
and sewer networks of the participating
local authorities.
gullies were registered as a result of
the survey in 50 local authorities. On
average, two road gullies (one on each
side of the road) are installed at intervals
of about 44 metres sewer length
in the cross-section of a road. Relating
to the total length of the public combined
sewers and surface water sewers of
331,531 kilometres according to the data
given by the FSO, and based on the average
road gully interval of 44 metres, the
total number of road gullies in the public
traffic areas of the Federal Republic of
Germany can be estimated at 15.2 million.
For comparison of this data Table 2 contrasts
the number of manholes and shafts,
which was registered within the scope of a
survey of Falk et. al. The number of shafts
of approximately 11.5 million is based on
a projection of the network length of combined
sewers, wastewater sewers, and
surface water sewers, whereas, according
to the construction, only the length of combined
sewers and surface water sewers
could be considered in the determination
of the number of road gullies.
Length of connection sewers
The length of connection sewers
between road gullies that serve for
discharging the road drain and the next
manhole varies between 2.5 in excess
Drain and
Sewer System
Road Gully
System
Waste Water
Sewers
Amount
Literature
[-] [-] [-]
approx. 15.2 m
approx. 11.5 m
Own
Analysis
Falk, Chr.,
Weidemann,
S. et. al.
Table 2: Number of manholes and road
gully systems in Germany.
Figure 9: Types of road gullies installed in
sewer networks of the participating local
authorities.
of 10 metres (see Figure 7). In more
than 86 per cent of the local authorities,
connection sewers show a length of
2.5–5 metres. Thus, the average length
of a connection sewer amounts to
approximately 4.9 metres.
Given the total number of 1,465,804
road gullies registered by means of
the survey, and an average length of a
connection sewer of 4.9 metres, the theoretical
overall length of connection sewers
in the sewer systems of the participating
local authorities adds up to about 7,200
kilometres or 17.7 per cent. Applied to
the entire nation, the length of connection
sewers therefore covers approximately
one fifth of the length of the public sewer
system (see Table 3).
Types of road gullies installed
Road gullies are standardised in
DIN 4052. Accordingly, depending on
their mode of operation, two types of road
gullies are distinguished (see Figure 8):
• Road gullies with floor drain, also
called dry systems or road gullies for
dry sludge, subsequently called SB in
short (see Figure 8 a and b).
• Road gullies with sludge space, also
called wet systems or road gullies for
wet sludge, subsequently called SS in
short (see Figure 8 c and d).
Figure 9 shows the distribution of the
types of road gullies installed so far.
Thus, the road gully with floor drain (SB)
Figure 10: Material distribution of
road gullies in sewer systems of the
participating local authorities.
represents almost two thirds of the road
gullies with 61 per cent. The percentage
of road gullies with SS amounts to
39 per cent.
Material and age distribution of
road gullies
According to the results of the survey,
the majority of road gullies in sewer
networks of the participating local
authorities consist of concrete (85.8 per
cent), followed by road gullies made of
vitrified clay (9.2 per cent). Road gullies
made of other material (4.7 per cent),
plastics in particular (0.3 per cent), play
a secondary role (see Figure 10).
Figure 11 shows the age distribution of
road gullies, the surveyed local authorities
could not give any particulars for
45 per cent of the recorded road gullies.
For the remaining road gullies, the
larger part (45.4 per cent) are between
0 and 50 years old. Around 7.6 per
cent of the road gullies are aged from
51 to 75 years, and only 0.3 per cent
are more than 100 years. From the data
concerning the age distribution, it can
be assessed that the average age of
road gullies in sewer systems of the
participating local authorities amounts to
about 34 years.
For reasons of comparison, the age
distribution of road gullies and sewer
systems according to the DWA survey in
2004 is contrasted in Figure 12. About
one third of the existing sewers were
Figure 11: Age distribution of road gullies
in sewer systems of the participating local
authorities.
Figure 12: Age distribution of sewer
systems (DWA 2004) and road gullies in
the participating local authorities (own
analysis).
newly built in the last 25 years, whereas
the proportion of the newly built road gullies
in this period of time amounts to only
20 per cent. The number of road gullies
with an unknown year of construction
comes to 45 per cent, compared to the
construction of sewers (nine per cent);
this percentage is very high.
Look out for Part Two of
this article in Trenchless
International April 2010.
This article is an edited version of Unitracc Survey
on the Condition of Road Gully Systems in Germany
(Part 1), for more information, acknowledgments and
references please see the original. All graphics are
sourced from S & P Consult.
industry developments
January 2010 - Trenchless International
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41

Industry developments
January 2010 - Trenchless International
CSM shaft construction
by Norman Joyal, Associate, Jacobs Associates
The trenchless industry is technologically advanced and consistently innovative. Cutter soil mixing
technology is one such example that has been developed to construct shafts for microtunnelling
projects. Norman Joyal reports here about one of the first projects in the United States using this
technology to build microtunnelling shafts.
The cutter soil mixing (CSM) method
excavates rectangular panels while simultaneously
adding water to the soil to fluidise
it in place to a prescribed depth. Upon
retraction, the cement grout is added and
mixed with the fluidised soil to form a soilcement
mixture. To construct the shaft, the
panels are interlocked to form a contiguous
ring of panels.
CSM was first introduced in Europe by
BAUER Maschinen GmbH and has been
used in Europe, Asia, and Canada. It was
recently used in the US to construct trench
walls in Seattle, Washington, and 11 and
16 metre deep shafts near Sacramento,
California.
CSM is being used on a Contra
Costa Water District (CCWD) project in
northern California to construct 20 and
32 metre deep watertight shafts in difficult
ground conditions. The shafts will be used
for a 275 metre long microtunnel crossing
of Old River. This is the second known
application of this technology in the US for
the construction of microtunnel shafts and
the first known application using shotcretereinforced
walls. The shafts penetrate soft
saturated silts and clays, loose-to-dense
sands, and a confined aquifer presenting
over two bars of pressure opposite the
jacking shaft tunnel eye. Existing construction
techniques, such as secant piles and
slurry walls, were not considered feasible
for the deeper shaft because of concerns
over pile drift during installation, which can
result in ‘windows’ between the panels.
CSM in the delta
The CCWD is building a new Alternative
Intake Project (AIP) near its existing pumping
facilities in the Delta region, east of the
San Francisco Bay. The project will provide
an alternative raw water intake facility
at Victoria Canal, where the water quality
is much higher than that at the current
intake location on Old River. The new AIP
project will pump raw water directly into
the CCWD’s existing Old River pipeline
facilities, which convey raw water to the
District’s Los Vaqueros Reservoir.
This new AIP project will divert up to
7,000 litres of raw water per second from
the new intake pumping plant through
a new 1,800 mm diameter pipeline. An
approximately 275 metre section of this
new pipeline crosses under Old River
at the existing Old River intake facility.
Construction of the crossing required
the installation of a 2,400 mm diameter,
25 mm thick steel casing using microtunnelling.
The crossing required a 28 metre
deep jacking shaft and a 15 metre deep
receiving shaft. CSM panels approximately
32 and 20 metres deep were
constructed to embed the shaft walls
below the shaft floor.
Existing conditions
The near-surface geology of the region
is characterised by relatively thin deposits
of peat, organic soils, and fills (typically
the levee structures), which overlie deep
alluvial soils. The Delta region is at the
confluence of several major rivers that
drain the Central Valley from the north,
east, and south. As the rivers converged,
the fine-grained materials consisting of
sands, silts and clays, settled out, forming
the thick alluvial deposits. Sandwiched in
the alluvial deposits are two confined
aquifers presenting over two bars of
pressure, which influenced the bottom
part of the jacking shaft.
The natural groundwater level is about
one metre below the ground surface.
The river water, which is two to five feet
higher than the adjacent land elevations,
is in direct communication with the
natural groundwater level and identified
aquifers.
The CSM technology
The CCWD opted for a performancebased,
design-build specification for
construction of the shafts. The specified
performance for the shafts consisted of
the following:
• Shafts had to be watertight, defined as
groundwater infiltration into the shafts
of no more than 40 litres per minute.
Structural reinforcing around the tunnel eye.
• Shaft tops had to be established at
0.5 metres above the 100-year flood level.
• Shaft construction could not lower the
natural groundwater table by more than
0.6 metres below the lower-bound preconstruction
levels.
• Construction vibrations could not
exceed 13 mm per second peak particle
velocity.
• Pile foundations for existing facilities
could not come under the influence of
jacking loads at the jacking shaft.
• A grout prism of a minimum thickness
of 1.5 metres and two tunnel diameters
centred about the vertical and horizontal
axes had to be developed at the
receiving shaft.
The successful contractor submitted
a proposal to use the CSM construction
method for the shafts. This method was
not known to the owner or engineers, but
the contractor had successfully used it to
construct wall diaphragms on a project in
Seattle, Washington.
The construction methodology is similar
to that used for construction of secant piles
configured in a ring and interlocked to
develop watertightness. Unlike the secant
pile method, however, which completely
replaces the soil with concrete, the CSM
method mixes grout with the fluidised soil
to develop the cementitious soil-cement
panels. An appreciable amount of the
fluidised soil is displaced and must be
contained and disposed of as part of the
construction process.
Method differentiation
Tooling and guidance control are the
primary differences between the CSM
method and other traditional commonly
recognised soil-mixing techniques. Unlike
the tools used with traditional soil-mixing
techniques that utilise augers mounted in
a vertical axis that turn along a horizontal
axis, the cutters for the CSM method are
mounted on a horizontal axis and turn on a
vertical axis. Additionally, an inclinometer
mounted in the head assembly provides
real-time data for the X and Y locations
of the cutterhead as it excavates through
the ground.
The cutter wheels typically counterrotate
when the excavation is in progress
so as to bring the cuttings up toward the
centre, where shearing blades help to further
break down the soil cuttings for mixing
with water injected at the wheel confluence.
Wheel rotation can be changed to
counteract deviations of the head in the
plane of the cutter wheel rotation.
Panel layout
Layout is critical to ensure the panels
are correctly located and sufficiently overlapped
for panel interlock. For this project,
the contractor had the panel corners
loaded into a total station survey instrument.
This proved especially useful when
locating the panels. The layout of new
panels would have been very difficult for
the contractor if it had relied upon string
lines and offset measurements, given the
mucky condition of the ground surface
following each panel construction. New
panel locations were established in a matter
of minutes using a total station to set
survey brushes that protruded through the
surface muck for panel demarcation. The
Theoretical panel width: (left) no deviation; (right) 0.5 per cent alternating panel deviation.
underground contractor was very conscientious
about making sure the panels
were accurately located to ensure panel
interlock to satisfy the watertight performance
criteria.
Shaft construction
Primary alternating panels are typically
constructed first and allowed to cure.
Secondary overlapping or face-to-face
panels are then cut into and between the
primary panels to form continuously interlocking
panels.
For the jacking and receiving shaft constructed
for this project, a grout strength of
3 MPa was used for the panel design. The
shallower receiving shaft was designed as
a single panel shaft, whereas the deeper
jacking shaft was designed as a double.
For the loading conditions and design
grout strength, a safety factor ranging
from about 3.8 to over 5 was calculated for
the different stress conditions evaluated.
The shafts were designed on the basis
that alternating panels drifted out of alignment
at a rate of 0.5 per cent of the panel
depth, reducing the effective width of the
panel. The 0.5 per cent level of accuracy
is derived from the equipment manufacturer’s
literature. As an added safety factor,
the shaft interiors were designed with
150 mm of mesh-reinforced shotcrete,
which increased to 300 mm with depth.
Structural reinforcement was required to
transfer loads around the tunnel eyes and
to distribute jacking loads into the shaft
walls. The structural reinforcement was
encapsulated in shotcrete.
Following construction of the receiving
shaft panels, the grout strength achieved
was considerably higher than 3 MPa. The
14-day grout strength ranged between
8.3 and 18 MPa. The receiving shaft
design was subsequently revised to eliminate
the shotcrete in the upper nine
metres of shaft. Because of the higher
than anticipated grout strengths achieved
at the receiving shaft, the jacking shaft
was revised from a double panel wall
down to a single panel shaft, with double
panels opposite the microtunnel reaction
wall. Shotcrete in the upper nine metres
of the jacking shaft was also eliminated.
However, the compressive strength of the
jacking shaft panels proved to be much
lower than that of the receiving shaft.
The exact cause for the lower strength
results at the jacking shaft has not been
determined.
When the microtunnel boring machine
(MTBM) excavated into the shaft walls,
but before the shaft walls were breached,
a considerable amount of water leaked
through the cold joint between the
soil-cement walls and the shotcrete.
This occurred only when the slurry
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The shafts constructed by the
CSM method were successful
in satisfying the project
specifications.
New methods for box culvert
pipeline construction
by Tomo Morita, Hideki Shimada, Takashi Sasaoka, Kikuo Matsui, Fumihiko Matsumoto and Eiji Sakai
Industry developments
pressures were increased to counterbalance
the ambient pressure in the aquifer
opposite the tunnel eye. This necessitated
the injection of a hydrophobic (water reactive)
material in the cold joint to prevent
leakage.
Lessons learned
One aspect of the CSM method to consider
for future projects is slurry control
and management. This aspect needs to
be addressed during the project design
phase as it will impact temporary construction
easements for handling, storage,
and disposal, which in turn will influence
production rates.
In a congested urban environment,
where open areas are not as available as
they were on this project, there must be an
aggressive and comprehensive program
to manage and dispose of the fluidised
material. Specifications for use of the CSM
method would need to address slurry
containment within the immediate area
surrounding the panel excavation.
Production rates could potentially be
improved by matching cutter wheel tooling
to the soil conditions. Adapting clay
spades to the cutter wheels could be
more efficient in cutting the clay soils into
smaller particle sizes to minimise plugging
of hoses or hose screens.
Conclusions
The shafts constructed by the CSM
method were successful in satisfying the
project specifications.
Interlocking panels form shaft and treated zone at receiving shaft break-in.
Shaft construction using the CSM
method must include the following steps:
• Construction of in-the-field test panels
must be done to validate the
assumptions used in the design and to
determine the grout injection rates.
• Panel locations (corners) must be set
by survey methods using a total station
survey method.
• Wet samples of constructed panels
must be taken and tested – preferably
150 x 300 mm samples to minimise the
influence of soil pockets on the overall
sample size.
• A comprehensive slurry management
plan must be set up to contain, collect,
and dispose of the fluidised materials.
• Consideration must be given to disturbance
of the shaft area during relocation
of the CSM track-mounted rig.
• If shotcrete is used as structural reinforcing
around the tunnel eye, and the
exit slurry or external ambient pressures
are in excess of about 10–15 psi
(0.7–1.0 bar), consideration must be
given to incorporating a positive seal
between the shotcrete and CSM walls.
Equipment refinements in co-operation
with the manufacturer could include
assessments using different cutters on the
wheels where soil conditions are predominantly
silts, clays and sands.
This article is an edited version of a paper presented
at Trenchless Australasia 2009 by Norman
Joyal of Jacobs Associates, entitled ‘Microtunnel
jacking and receiving shafts constructed using cutter
soil mixing (CSM) technology’. Please refer to the
original for more detailed information, references and
acknowledgments.
Circular pipes have been used for over a century to construct infrastructure in urban areas. Rectangular
pipes, on the other hand, and in particular pipes installed by pipe jacking, are a fairly recent
development. In this article the authors describe the development and assessment of a rectangular
pipe jacking system.
The rectangular pipe jacking
machine under discussion has a specific
drill bit design. The preparation and results
of a field test, conducted to test the safety
and effectiveness of the machine, are
described below.
The advantages of using a rectangular
pipe over a circular pipe include a larger
effective cross-section and reduced maintenance.
A disadvantage of rectangular
pipe has been the difficulty in mechanised
installation. This has led to the development
of rectangular pipe jacking.
The rectangular pipe jacking machine
has a face structure consisting of three
rotating shafts each equipped with cutters
Schematic view of the pipe jacking method.
Industry developments
January 2010 - Trenchless International
As an added safety factor, the shaft interiors were designed with 150 mm of meshreinforced
shotcrete that increased to 300 mm with depth.
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at varying positions. This arrangement
improves ground mixing and mud slurry
interaction compared with other rectangular
excavating machines. As a result
the machine has the ability to construct a
rectangular pipe line faster than other construction
methods, with improved safety
measures and economic benefits.
Parameters of field test.
Size of excavator
Cutter torque
(revolution/rotation)
Structure of cutter
850 mm square on a side 28.9 / 7.2 kN m Crushing Cutter Type
Circulation rate
(orbital/rotation)
Jack speed
Pressure at the cutter
face
4.6 / 18.4 rpm 60~80 mm/min 10~30 kPa
Rectangular pipe jacking
Variation Ratio of Permeability
Whole pipe jacking facilities.
Industry developments
January 2010 - Trenchless International
Diagram of cutter bit.
Front view of cutter bit.
Left to right:
Case A – rotation/revolution ratio = 1:1. Locus of the bits becomes a lengthwise oval. The
bits do not seem to turn visually, adequate stirring effects are not provided with this ratio.
Case B – rotation/revolution ratio = 1:2. Four parts of the excavating outer diameter become
localised in the centre of the face, and the bit trace forms a throwing knife-shape.
Case C – rotation/revolution ratio = 1:3. The circumference is more effectively excavated and
the bit trace forms a triangular shape.
The outer diameter in Cases B and C moves towards the four corners, and the locus of the
bit becomes more rectangular in shape. The rotation of each bit is four times per revolution,
achieving adequate stirring.
Case D – rotation/revolution ratio = 1:4. The bit placement and the rotation/revolution ratio is
able to convert circular motion power into rectangle excavating power. Additionally, machine
cutter torque increases because the excavated area of each bit is opitimised.
Machine specifics (machine size 880 mm x 880 mm)
Excavating height/width 900 mm*900 mm
Cutter Torque
(rotation)
Machine length 5.06 metres
Cutter Torque
(revolution)
Machine weight
6 tonnes
28.9 kN m
7.2 kN m
Cutter face structure
The machine to be tested includes a
three-shaft rotation/revolution type cutter,
which forms the cutter face structure. This
structure improves ground and mud slurry
mixing at the cutter face, which results in
higher cutter torque. As a result of various
investigations, it was found that the excavation
of the variant shape is enabled by
changing the rotation and revolution ratio
of the bits. The locus of each cutter bit is
affected by changing the rotation/revolution
ratio.
Benefits:
• The cutter torque is higher than other
excavating machines, therefore several
soils – from clay to gravel or weak rock –
can be excavated.
• Soil and injected mud slurry are well
mixed at the cutter face, so fluidity of
the discharged material is improved.
• The whole rectangular shape is excavated,
so resistant force and thrust
force is decreased.
Field test
The field test was held in order to
confirm the safety of the construction
method. The ground conditions comprised
of muck and gravel, with 400 mm
of maximum particle form. By the test of
grain size accumulation a rate of 2 mm
over of grain was 89 per cent.
The result of the field tests concluded
that the subsidence caused by
rectangular pipe jacking was quite low,
from -5 mm to +1 mm, with an average of
-2 mm. Permeability of the ground was
measured before and after pipe jacking.
The variation ratio shows from 65 to
117 per cent. Big cobbles caused the
ratio to reach 117 per cent.
Although a bigger subsidence was
expected from the rectangular pipe
jacking, the results show it was less than
with circular excavators. This is due to the
faster cutter bits. However, it was necessary
to make mud films and tail void out of
pipe with the workable high-density mud
slurry in order to jack pipes with low thrust
force, necessitating the mixing of soil and
mud slurry at the cutter face. These tests
supported the viability of the technology.
Soil Point Pipe depth
Grain
Flow time before
excavation
Flow time after
excavation
Variation
ratio
7.5m 520mm 183.91 sec 226.94 sec 80.85%
12.5m 760mm 70.03 sec 59.65 sec 117.48%
17.5m 900mm 22.91 sec 35.22 sec 65.35%
The locus of cutter-bits.
Cutter face of the machine.
Steel pipe.
Site map.
The construction site:
• Pipe size: 2,400 X 2,000 mm PC box
culvert
• Pipe jacking length: 36 metres
• Cover depth: 1.92 metres at the starting
shaft and 2.23 metres at the arrival
shaft
• Soil condition: silt layer N value is 0-8.
The test site was located in Chiba
Prefecture, Japan. Although the majority
of the construction was open cut, rectangular
pipe jacking was also used due to
the high volume of traffic.
A noteworthy part of the project was
that the depth of cover was less than
the box culvert height. Furthermore, the
supervisor of the road sets the allowable
settlement of the road surface to 5 mm,
which was severe for low cover depth
construction. Maximum settlement was
considered with prior analysis.
Analysis results
The analysis results for surface subsidence
at the subject crossing indicate the
maximum subsidence would be 16 mm
at the top of the box culvert. The analysis
indicated that ground cover may rise
because of the face pressure during pipe
jacking.
The analysis shows that surface settlement
is affected by tailvoid subsidence
behind the machine. In addition, more
subsidence should be assumed because
of repeated traffic loading which was
not well reflected in the analysis. As a
result, pre-construction stabilisation of
the ground cover was considered.
The stabilisation method adopted at
the site was the CCP-L method, involving
horizontal high pressure jet grouting. This
method has three primary advantages;
narrow onsite mobility, working space
security, and good stabilisation of the
soil body.
The following considerations were
taken into account during construction;
• arching of the ground to support loads
is unlikely
• The relatively large nature of the rectangular
section compared to the
ground cover thickness
• The problematic nature of an alignment
in soft soils when working with
low cover.
Management considerations:
• The monitoring system
• Real-time management of cutting face
pressure
• Quantity of discharged soil management
that does not generate ground
settlement
• Pipe jacking accuracy management.
Monitoring system
The rectangular pipe jacking machine
can be controlled remotely to enable the
viewer to review excavation conditions.
In addition, the cutting face pressure
can be calculated by computer from
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Surface settlement monitor.
Rectangular pipe jacking procedure.
the cover depth in real-time, facilitating
management of the operation. A
horizontal clinometer was inserted in the
CCP-L upper-centre aperture, and the
road surface form management carried
out automatic measurement management
separately from hand-operated
level techniques.
industry developments
January 2010 - Trenchless International
Cutting face pressure
management
The face pressure was managed by
gauges at four locations on the face.
The pipe jacking length was short, but
because the excavating soil and cover
depth can change, the pressure management
was set with a different value at
each point.
Discharge soil management
The machine discharging system consisted
of a screw conveyer and an air
valve. To secure the fluidity of discharged
soil, a screw was set in the stock tank in
the machine and discharged using a
vacuum unit set on the surface.
Pipe jacking accuracy
management
Laser surveying was used to control
pipe jacking accuracy and vertical accuracy
was controlled by a water pressure
sensor. Ground penetrating radar (GPR)
was also used. The results did not confirm
clear movement of the ground.
Screw set in the stock tank.
Thrust force during pipe jacking.
Site results
The maximum settlement of the
surrounding soil was measured automatically
by a horizontal clinometer set in the
CCP-L injecting hole. The maximum settlement
is -2 mm, meaning that the pipe
jacking finished within the allowable settlement
under the national highway.
Thrust force during construction almost
equalled the planned force, excluding
the improved area around the jacking
and reception shafts because of the
increase in cutting face force.
The maximum thrust force was
3,457 kN; 16 per cent of the load bearing
capacity of the box culvert. The machine
has the ability to excavate soil and construct
a better cutting area, which leads
to low frictional force between the box
culvert and the over-cutting area.
Pipe jacking speed
The average pipe jacking speed was
32 mm per minute, exceeding the preconstruction
estimate of 15 mm per
minute. This is a result of optimised soil
mixing and injected mud slurry by the
three shaft rotation/revolution type cutter
implemented.
Pipe jacking accuracy
Pipe jacking accuracy at the reception
shaft was 20 mm right and 26 mm
above for a management standard value,
50 mm horizontally and 30 mm vertically.
In addition, the rolling of the box culvert
(the difference on right and left of both
ends) was from 1 mm to 9 mm.
Radar inquiry
The specifications of GPR used in the
investigation:
• Radar system: SIR 2000A
• Antenna: 200MHz
The results of GPR were unclear
because of the impact of open cut construction
performed during pipe jacking.
Conclusions
The rectangular pipe jacking machine
that has been developed has shown
good results. The machine has the ability
to construct a box culvert pipeline safely
and quickly even if the cross section of
the cutting face becomes large and the
cover is limited. The impact on the neighbouring
environment can be significantly
reduced.
The use of this machine for infrastructure
construction in Japan is slowly but
surely increasing. The authors believe
this machine is well equipped to cope
with rectangular pipe sections and it is
hoped that it will be another beneficial
tool for the underground industry.
This is an edited version of the paper, A suggestion
of a new method for box culvert pipeline construction,
by Tomo Morita1, Hideki Shimada1,Takashi
Sasaoka1, Kikuo Matsui1, Fumihiko Matsumoto2 and
Eiji Sakai2. For references and acknowledgments
please see the original.
1. Department of Earth Resources Engineering,
Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan,
2. ALPHA CIVIL ENGINEERING Co., Ltd.,
Fukuoka, Japan.
Crossings: from São Paulo
to Rio de Janeiro
GDK is currently completing construction on Petrobras’ GASTAU Project, which includes a 28 inch
diameter, 97 kilometre natural gas pipeline extension running from the north coast of Brazil to
760 metre elevated plains between the cities of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, involving numerous river
and road crossings.
The GASTAU Project will run from the
Caraguatatuba Gas Treatment Plant to
Taubaté Custody Transfer Station and São
José dos Campos Refinery, in São Paulo
State, Brazil.
The 97 kilometre pipeline will transport
natural gas produced from the Mexilhão
field, located in the offshore Santos Basin.
The first phase of the field’s development
is expected to produce 15 million cubic
metres per day (MMcm/d) of gas. The
project is of strategic importance to Brazil,
aiming at increasing natural gas supply
to feed industrial, automobile fuel and
domestic consumption in the cities São
Paulo and Rio de Janeiro.
The offshore platform and facilities,
offshore and onshore pipeline and compressor
stations are under construction
simultaneously with the final completion
date of the whole project scheduled for
December 2010.
Brazilian pipeline construction company
GDK S.A is responsible for two contracts
for the GASTAU Project.
GDK was awarded a 32 kilometre section
of the API 5L X70 pipeline running
between São José dos Campos Refinery
and Taubaté station. The scope of work
involves the design, engineering, construction,
pigging and testing, drying,
commissioning and start-up support for
the pipeline.
The second contract involves the execution
of seven special crossings of major
rivers, dams and highways. Petrobras
tendered the special crossings contract
separately due to the complexity of works
involved and high level of execution
difficulty.
Road crossing - boring machine.
Santa Branca dam.
region focus: BRAZIL
January 2010 - Trenchless International
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Paraiba river.
Paraiba River Crossing preparation.
region focus: BRAZIL
January 2010 - Trenchless International
The two contracts are managed and
performed by two independent GDK teams,
and both involve unique challenges.
Challenges
The 32 kilometre section of pipeline runs
through a highly developed region, with
industrial plants, big cities of more than
two million inhabitants, large farms and an
impressive highway network built within
the vicinity of the project. Some sections
of the pipeline cross densely populated
housing development areas, and require
twelve road crossings over a distance of
less than one kilometre. A total of 35 road
and highway crossings are being performed
with large boring machines.
In addition, the GASTAU Pipeline is
parallel to and located on the same rightof-way
as three operating trunklines. This
requires special construction procedures
to ensure safe conditions are maintained
to those existing lines.
GDK says that each kilometre of
the pipeline has varying environmental
conditions. Route terrain profile and
soil conditions are varied, ranging from
swamps to hills, side slope sections, rock
incidence and farm lands.
GDK says that a detailed study and
Lourenço II River launching.
Lourenço Velho II river
survey was required to select the most
appropriate method for the particular
characteristic of each of the crossings
required for the project.
In addition to the technical execution
requirements, GDK has also defined an
environmental plan, as a major part of the
Lourenço Velho river.
Lourenço Velho river.
two contracts is located inside a Federal
Permanent Environmental Preservation
Area, with strict environment restrictions.
Safety was also a primary concern.
The GASTAU Project requires development
within a tight contract schedule.
GDK took this into consideration, as well
Lourenço Velho River Crossing
preparation.
as heavy rains experienced in the region
from September to February, when conducting
technical studies to select the
final pipeline construction methods to be
used. To comply with all these requirements,
GDK’s team is using innovative
methods and special equipment – some
of which have never before been used for
onshore pipeline construction.
The special equipment includes:
CAT 320 hydraulic excavators on Kori
amphibious floating tracks to allow ditch
opening at the steep rivers banks and in
swampy areas; and, Extra-long Doosan
24 tonne hydraulic excavators, on special
‘H’ configured floating pontoon sets, to
open the ditch in the deeper river beds,
reaching up to 15 metres.
Paraíba River crossing
GDK says that one of the most challenging
jobs under the contract is the
Paraíba River crossing.
The Paraíba River – the most important
river in the region – is 420 metres
wide and 25 metres deep with a deep
‘V’ channel and steep banks that do not
allow conventional construction methods
or directional drilling methods.
After an extensive technical study,
GDK has decided to apply a combined
onshore and offshore solution. This solution
is to prepare a pipe length with a
concrete jacket to run along the entire
width of the river and bank and kept
afloat using twin-buoys sets.
Following the correct positioning of
the 420 metre string at the crossing, the
pipe will be lowered to the riverbed by
water-ballasting the buoys. After reaching
its correct position in the riverbed, a
post-trenching machine – applied only
in offshore pipelines – will excavate the
ditch below the pipe, burying it one metre
in to riverbed, and stabilising the pipe
section.
GDK says that the application of this
solution can be credited to the combination
of the company’s expertise in
both onshore and offshore pipeline construction.
GDK has previously performed
several offshore pipeline construction
contracts. While assembling large diameter
pipelines in a sensitive area of the
Guanabara Bay in Rio de Janeiro, GDK
employed a similar method resulting in
a very cost effective solution to the client,
as well as limiting the environmental
impact of the project.
Construction continuing on
schedule
Completion of all the seven major crossings
is scheduled to be achieved early
this year. By October 2009, five of the
crossings were already complete and
the overall work progress had reached
above 70 per cent. The pipeline contract
is expected to be complete by March
2010, in line with a special requirement
stipulated by Petrobras.
This article originally appeared
in Pipelines International
magazine. For all the latest
pipeline news and projects visit
www.pipelinesinternational.com
region focus: BRAZIL
January 2010 - Trenchless International
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egion focus: BRAZIL
January 2010 - Trenchless International
Large-scale pipe bursting in
the city of Campinas
A water authority in Campinas, Brazil, has purchased trenchless machinery to replace and enlarge
existing drinking water pipelines.
Campinas, also known as the
Brazilian Silicon Valley, is one of the
largest cities in Brazil with more than
one million inhabitants in its metropolitan
area. In some districts the city’s water
authority SANASA was facing ongoing
drinking water loss caused by leaks in the
30-year-old pipeline network. For economic,
environmental and time reasons,
it was decided to completely renew
the damaged drinking water pipelines
instead of having to repeatedly repair
them. For this reason SANASA purchased
a Tracto-Technik GRUNDOBURST 400
G3; the first water authority in Brazil to
do so.
The replacement works were carried
out by SANASA, having started
in the district of Sousas with about
2.4 kilometres of defective drinking
water pipes to be upgraded using
trenchless methods. On 16 June the
bursting machine, equipped with
Ø 35 mm Quick Lock bursting rods, started
to replace the old asbestos cement pipes
ID 50 mm with PE pipes OD 63 mm in
the calm residential area Colinas do
Ermitage. The total replacement length
of 400 metres was burst in sections of
50 – 100 metres due to several sewer,
gas and telecommunications lines along the
bursting path and a large drain pipe running
parallel to the old drinking water pipeline.
As the exact position of this existing
underground service line was not known,
this was the perfect task for applying the
static pipe bursting technique. Despite
many repair clamps fixing the old asbestos
cement drinking water pipeline, the
complete replacement project in Sousas
was completed within 20 days including
the disassembly of the construction and
intermediate pits and the re-establishment
of the water supply, which had to be
bypassed during the bursting process.
SANASA will extend its pipe rehabilitation
program using the pipe
bursting technique to further districts
of Campinas. In the near future 1,600
metres of the old asbestos cement pipeline
will be replaced with new PE pipes
OD 63 mm and 400 metres with new PE
pipes ND 90 mm.
The new drinking water pipeline arrives in the target pit; the old pipeline has been
completely replaced.
The new PE drinking water pipe from the
coil is connected to the bursting head.
The old asbestos cement drinking water
pipe ID 50 mm.
The bursting rod string with guiding
sleeve, which has been pushed through
the old pipeline, arriving in the target pit.
Vacuum sewage disposal
taken a step further
Vacuum systems are becoming a popular choice for the drainage of municipal sewage. SEKISUI SPR
Europe GmbH has an innovative technology that combines all the advantages of vacuum systems and
offers enormous potential for the global wastewater market.
In June 2008 the Japanese SEKISUI
Chemical Group acquired a majority
shareholding in SEKISUI SPR Europe
GmbH (formerly CPT Chevalier Pipe
Technologies) with headquarters at
Schieder-Schwalenberg in Germany.
From this time onwards SEKISUI Europe
has been pressing ahead with the global
marketing of underground infrastructure
solutions as a part of the SEKISUI urban
infrastructure and environmental products
company – with a workforce of more
than 500. Backed by a financially sound
majority shareholder, SEKISUI Europe
can fall back on a wide range of leading
technologies. The spiral-wound pipe
lining method by Australian subsidiary
SEKISUI Rib Loc, the pipe lining process
of SEKISUI NordiTube and the Japanese
SPR technology that enables the rehabilitation
of a wide range of large-profile
shapes all contribute to achieving the goal
of global market leadership, said the company.
A further system invented in Japan,
marketed through the SEKISUI Europe
network and by KMG Pipe Technologies
GmbH in Europe since 2008, is the SIVAC
vacuum sewer system – a technology for
sewer pipes.
Economical alternative
The SIVAC vacuum sewer system has
been successfully in use in Japan and
other parts of Asia for the past 15 years
and is now being marketed worldwide.
Disposal of municipal wastewater via a
vacuum system is particularly suitable
for sensitive environments such as lakes,
coastal areas or harbours. This is because
the pipe system can be laid with a shallow
gradient in very narrow trenches, as
only small diameters of 80–200 mm are
required. The special configuration of the
vacuum pipes in a ‘saw-tooth principle’
even enables the delivery of wastewater
along upward gradients. Bodies of water
or intersecting pipelines, for example,
are no longer a problem and construction
costs are substantially reduced.
Furthermore, shallow installation means
that no new resources such as sand are
Industrial area: due to shallow installation and small pipe diameters, vacuum sewer
technology is ideally suited to sewage disposal in industrial areas.
The SIVAC vacuum sewer system has been successfully in
use in Japan and other parts of Asia for the past 15 years and
is now being marketed worldwide.
required as a filling material. In comparison
to a conventional gravity flow
system the SIVAC vacuum sewer system
produces savings of up to 40 per cent
in installation and operational costs and
protects the environment at the same
time.
In narrow pipes to the sewage
treatment plant
As shown in the diagram, the SIVAC
vacuum sewer system consists of a
domestic connecting shaft that first of
all collects the sewage effluent in tanks.
Three-inch valves permit sewage from
up to six households to run together. A
controller opens the vacuum valve of the
collection tank to enable the wastewater
to be suctioned into the pipe system
and on to a vacuum station by vacuum.
Here it is collected in a vacuum tank until
pressure pumps deliver the sewage to
the municipal sewage system when it
reaches its capacity.
vacuum Vacuum Equipment
equipment
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CHKSTT hosts
successful conference
in Hong Kong
The China Hong Kong Society for Trenchless Technology conference,
Trenchless Technologies in the Asia Pacific, took place in Hong
Kong, in November. Delegates and exhibitors all said it was a very
successful and enjoyable event, and appropriately marked the 10th
anniversary of the society.
Events
UCT – Underground Construction
Technology
Tampa, FL, United States
19–21 January 2010
www.uctonline.com
No-Dig Poland 2010
Kielce, Poland
27–29 April 2010
www.nodigpoland.tu.kielce.pl
NASTT No-Dig Show 2010
Chicago, United States
2–7 May 2010
www.nodigshow.com
No-Dig Moscow 2010
Moscow
1–4 June 2010
www.nodig2008.sibico.com
Singapore International Water Week
Singapore
28 June – 2 July 2010
www.siww.com.sg
Vacuum equipment
January 2010 - Trenchless International
The SIVAC vacuum sewer system by SEKISUI SPR Europe conveys wastewater without leakage over long distances to municipal
sewage treatment plants.
Leak-free and self-cleaning
A vacuum sewer system has an
enclosed system design with all pipes hermetically
sealed similar to a potable water
or gas pipe system. This precludes the
possibility of either infiltration of groundwater
or exfiltration of wastewater into
the surrounding area. It guarantees complete
freedom from leakage and relieves
the burden on municipal sewage treatment
plants. Furthermore, system-inherent
self-cleaning effects render the normally
required annual pipe cleaning unnecessary
(in Germany, for example, every
water pipe system must be cleaned twice
a year). Installation by the ‘saw-tooth principle’
enables all suspended solids and
deposits to be carried away by the turbulence
resulting from suction, so that the
pipe is kept permanently clean. Vacuum
sewer systems are thus particularly ecofriendly
and keep the burden and hazards
to the environment to a minimum. In
contrast to other vacuum sewer systems,
SIVAC technology incorporates line aeration
valves that automatically ventilate
the system, enabling wastewater to be
transported over distances exceeding two
kilometres, said the company.
Numerous applications
Shallow installation and small pipe
diameter mean that the potential applications
of the SIVAC vacuum sewer
system are almost limitless. It is suitable
for draining recreational and industrial
areas, low-lying urban neighbourhoods
and areas with a high groundwater
table, for crossing pipelines, roads and
rivers or areas with difficult soil conditions.
SEKISUI Europe is thus pursuing
ambitious goals with its in-house SIVAC
system: several projects in major international
cities are already on the drawing
board and are due to be executed in
2010 by construction companies within
the group. One of them is the long-established
German KMG Pipe Technologies
that uses the Japanese SIVAC technology
in Europe and can draw on the
expertise of a global network of specialists
for underground infrastructure at
SEKISUI Europe.
A controller opens the
vacuum valve of the
collection tank to enable the
wastewater to be suctioned
into the pipe system
Dr Dec Downey.
The conference took place in the
futuristic Science Park, in Hong Kong’s
New Territories. Over 100 delegates
attended from Hong Kong, mainland
China and the rest of the world.
The keynote speakers were a particular
highlight. Dr Dec Downey, Principal of
Jason Consultants and Chair of the ISTT,
provided a ‘state of the industry’ report,
updating delegates on the latest technology,
as well as providing the reassuring
message that, everywhere he went in the
world, support for trenchless was strong.
Dr Sam Ariaratnam of Arizona State
University and Vice Chair of the ISTT
outlined to delegates the environmentally
sustainable credentials of Trenchless
Technology, while Dr Lucio Soibemman of
Carnegie-Mellon University spoke about
advanced pipeline systems inspection
and monitoring developments.
Other paper highlights included Wim
Elzink of Wavin who provided an excellent
overview of the renovation of pressure
pipelines, focusing on quality assurance
with ISO standards, as well as other
locally based companies providing case
studies on successful projects. See page
30 for an adaptation of this paper.
Dr Sam Ariaratnam.
A small but high-quality exhibition
accompanied the conference, and
Trenchless International magazine was in
attendance, along with a range of local,
American and European exhibitors.
The conference also saw Jon Boon of
Insituform take over from Ian Vickridge of
Black and Veatch as Chair of the CHKSTT.
Mr Boon paid credit to Mr Vickridge’s successful
term as chair and outlined his
intentions for the future of the society. The
society was also pleased to have Glenn
Boyce of Jacobs Associates in attendance.
Mr Boyce was recognised for his
efforts in founding the society ten years
ago, and he acknowledged the help of
many others in the formation of the society,
such as Derek Choi.
Particular credit was also given to
Dr Pinky Tso for her tireless work in bringing
such a successful conference together.
It is expected that the next event for
the CHKSTT will take place in approximately
two years time, and is fully
expected to build on the success of a
decade of trenchless in Hong Kong.
IV Brazilian Congress for
Trenchless Technology 2010
No-Dig Latin America
Sao Paulo, Brazil
21–22 July 2010
www.abratt.org.br/nodig2010
Trenchless Live
15–18 October 2010
Coffs Harbour, New South Wales,
Australia
www.trenchless2010.com
International No-Dig 2010
Singapore
8–10 November 2010
www.nodigsingapore.com
Bauma China
Shanghai, China
23–26 November 2010
www.bauma-china.com
International No-Dig 2011
Berlin, Germany
2–5 May 2011
www.istt.com
WASSER BERLIN International
Trade Fair and Congress Water
and Wastewater
2–5 May 2011
www.wasser-berlin.com
International No-Dig 2012
Sao Paulo, Brazil
14–16 May 2012
www.nodigshow2012.com
(coming soon)
Conferences
January 2010 - Trenchless International
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Report from ICPTT 2009:
Shanghai, China
Trenchless Middle East
Abu Dhabi 2010 expands
conferences
January 2010 - Trenchless International
The inaugural International Conference on Pipelines and Trenchless
Technology (ICPTT), held in Shanghai, China from 19–21 October
2009, provided a forum for 80 presentations addressing the latest
projects and technology for the water, sewer, gas and oil industries.
The conference theme was
Advances and Experiences with Pipelines
and Trenchless Technology for Water,
Sewer, Gas, and Oil Applications. ICPTT
was a success with more than 350 participants
from the US, Canada, Germany,
Korea, India, Iran and China, and over
$US7 million in business transactions at
this inaugural event.
ICPTT was cosponsored by the
China-US Joint Centre for Trenchless
Research and Development (CTRD),
ASCE Pipeline Division, China Society for
Trenchless Technology and the Centre for
Underground Infrastructure Research and
Education (CUIRE).
Technical talk
A highlight of the Plenary Session was
a presentation by Professor Shi Xingquan,
former Vice President of China Petroleum
Company and general director of the
4,000 kilometre West-East Natural Gas
Transmission Project that was completed
in 2008. Professor Shi talked about the
difficulties, challenges, achievements,
and experiences from the first and
second unique West-East Natural Gas
Transmission Projects.
Dr Iseley’s presentation on “Trenchless
Technology: Tools for Achieving
Underground Infrastructure Management
Excellence” was also noteworthy. Plenary
participants gained valuable information
in gas transmission pipelines and municipal
pipeline applications from the two
keynote presentations. The technical program
was a balance of pipeline oil and
gas and water/sewer related scientific and
practice presentations focusing on:
• Asset management
• Geographic information systems
• Corrosion analysis, planning, design,
and construction
• Hazard inspection
• Inspection
• Risk management.
“The evolution of trenchless products,
processes, and projects and critical infrastructure
issues were a highlight of the
many speakers,” said Dr Mohammed
Najafi.
Forward planning
With the success of this first ICPTT,
planning has already begun for a second
conference to be held in two years in
either Beijing or Shanghai.
The ASCE Pipeline Division’s vision to
“become the organisation that is the world
leader for excellence in water, wastewater,
oil, gas, and solid pipeline engineering” is
on its website www.pipelinedivision.org
Due to the popularity of Trenchless Middle East Abu Dhabi 2010 the organisers
have expanded the exhibition and opened up the East wing of the Great Tunb Hall
to accommodate more exhibitors. Record numbers for both the conference and the
exhibition are expected.
The sixth event in the popular
Trenchless Middle East series will be
held in Abu Dhabi in March 2010, supported
by Abu Dhabi Sewerage Services
Company (ADSSC), the International
Society for Trenchless Technology (ISTT)
and the Contractors’ Association.
Trenchless Middle East Abu Dhabi
2010 Exhibition and Conference provides
a superb opportunity for suppliers to display
equipment and services to buyers
and specifiers looking to evaluate the latest
products and services on the market.
With the government’s Plan Abu Dhabi
2030 creating infrastructure challenges,
including many major and innovative
construction projects, the need for supportive
and innovative technologies such
as Trenchless (NDRC) Technology to
help achieve the objectives has never
been greater.
Endorsing the need for NDRC methods
ADSSC, ISTT and the Contractors’
Association are fully behind the event.
Alan Thomson, Managing Director of
ADSSC, says “We are presenting at and
supporting Trenchless Middle East Abu
Dhabi 2010 Exhibition and Conference –
the most established and biggest event
for Trenchless Technology in the region.
It is your chance to showcase your
products and services to us at ADSSC,
and ISTT together with key players in
the industry and, with trenchless our
preferred method for our STEP program,
it really is the showpiece for the region.”
The educational conference program
is a must for all engineers from water,
sewerage, electricity, gas, telecommunications,
and cable companies wanting to
get up to date on the latest innovations
and techniques in NDRC. The program
will include key speakers from ADSSC
and the ISTT plus industry experts
providing case studies with a regional
focus. Delegates are also invited to join
the site visit program to view live working
utility installations.
Trenchless Middle East
Abu Dhabi 2010 Exhibition
and Conference
Officers’ Club and Hotel,
Abu Dhabi UAE
Exhibition and Conference:
15–16 March 2010,
Site Visits: 17 March 2010
Contact Paul Harwood:
+44 (0)845 094 8066
Email: pharwood@westrade.co.uk
www.trenchlessmiddleeast.com
Conferences
January 2010 - Trenchless International
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No-Dig Poland 2010
Tamperin’ with the
underground in Tampa
The 4th International Conference and Exhibition No-Dig Poland 2010
will be held 27–29 April 2010 in Kielce at the
Congress Hotel – Business Centre.
The 16th annual Underground Construction Technology International Conference and Exhibition 2010
will be held in Tampa, Florida, US from 19 – 21 January 2010.
conferences
January 2010 - Trenchless International
The conference is co-organised by:
• Kielce University of Technology
• Polish Foundation for Trenchless
Technology (PFTT)
• ISTT
• AQUANET POZNAN Water Company
• Trenchless Technology Centre
Louisiana, USA
• European Forum on Underground
Construction
• WOD-CAN Consulting
• Kielce Regional Chamber of Civil
Engineers.
The event is also under the patronage
of Infrastructure Minister of the Republic of
Poland and it is supported by the Minister
of Environment.
The conference will explore new
solutions for Trenchless Technology –
methods, devices and more that will help
to improve the infrastructure in modern
cities and towns. The main topics of the
conference include:
• Trenchless installation of underground
pipelines using microtunnelling or pipe
jacking
• Trenchless rehabilitation of
underground pipelines including repair,
sealing, renovation and reconstruction
• Materials used for repair and renovation
of pipes
• Devices used for cleaning and
diagnostic testing of pipelines
• Assessment and management in
pipelines
• Large scale tunnelling or aspects
connected with planning and
designing of trenchless installation and
rehabilitation of underground pipelines.
The winners and runners-up of the 2008–
09 Trenchless Technology Projects will be
recognised at a ceremony called ‘EXPERT
2010’. This is awarded to companies or
institutions for outstanding achievements
or innovations made in trenchless
products or technology. The organisers
invite all companies and institutions to
take part in the following categories:
• Trenchless installation for 2008–09
• Trenchless rehabilitation for 2008–09
• Innovative solutions to devices,
products or technology used for
trenchless installation, rehabilitation
or diagnostic testing of underground
pipelines for 2008–09.
No-Dig Poland 2010 will also feature
attractions including a Gala Dinner as
well as two technical trips. The planned
site visits to Polish towns Nowa Słupia,
Krzemionki Opatowskie and Sandomierz
provide an opportunity to observe ancient
tunnelling techniques used in the Neolith
and Medieval ages. The second visit is
to the site of a sewer to be installed using
microtunnelling and 3,000 mm diameter
HOBAS pipe.
For more information visit www.nodigpoland.tu.kielce.pl
The ‘Expert’ statuette is inspired by
the components of a drill springing
up from a book that symbolises
the importance of Trenchless
Technology knowledge.
The Underground Construction
Technology (UCT) Conference and
Exhibition will explore the latest trends,
technology and developments in the underground
utility construction and rehabilitation
markets for both trenchless and conventional
construction methods.
Last year, the 15th annual UCT
Conference and Exhibition drew
2,400 attendees from 16 countries. After
the success of 2009, UCT is expecting
a large number of international
No-Dig Moscow 2010 will be held
1–4 June 2010 at the IEC Crocus Expo
in Moscow.
The event, which is being organised
by the Russian Society for Trenchless
Technology (RSTT) and International
Association of Specialists for Horizontal
Directional Drilling (MAS GNB) and supported
by the International Society for
Trenchless Technology (ISTT), will include
an exhibition and conference.
The trade fair is an unique opportunity
for suppliers, manufacturers and service
attendees and over 150 exhibitors,
including companies from the gas and
electric, telecommunications, pipelines
and energy sectors as well as engineering
consulting firms and contractors.
The event will also include a UCT
week-long conference, which will cover
a comprehensive range of topics over
more than 75 sessions, running from
19 – 21 January.
The social side of the event will include
an Opening Night Exhibit Hall Cocktail
No-Dig Moscow 2010 is set to be a key event in the trenchless calendar for this year.
providers to showcase their products and
services to consultants, engineers, city planners,
traffic authority managers and more.
The exhibition at No-Dig Moscow 2008
was a fantastic success, drawing over 140
exhibitors from a number of European and
Asian companies. The exhibition in 2010
is set to be even bigger, with a number of
exhibitors having already registered.
The conference will focus on three main
streams: horizontal directional drilling (HDD),
tunnelling and rehabilitation and repair.
The HDD component of the conference
Reception and the UCT Networking
Reception at the Tampa Marriot
Waterside, as well as several privately
sponsored parties and open houses.
The UCT International Conference
and Exhibition 2010 will give
engineers, contractors, manufacturers
and utility owners the opportunity to
network, socialise and share ideas
and discussions about underground
infrastructure in both social and
professional backgrounds.
Talking trenchless in Moscow
will include on presentations on HDD
equipment, the state of the industry, and
specific HDD projects, as well as a roundtable
discussion on the current status and
development outlook of HDD construction.
The rehabilitation and repair section of the
conference will focus on CIPP, close-fit
and spray lining, sliplining and pipe bursting.
Individual sections of the tunnelling
component are yet to be specified. There
will be conference papers and lectures
delivered in both English and Russian.
Visit www.nodig-moscow.ru to register.
Conferences January 2010 - Trenchless International
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In memoriam: Trent Ralston
Trent H. Ralston, past chairman of the NASTT, passed away on 9 November 2009 in Nashua
New Hampshire, US at the St Joseph Hospital.
About ISTT/Membership
The ISTT is the umbrella organisation for trenchless technologists in over 40
countries of the world. In 22 countries groups of trenchless technologists have
their own national groups which are affiliated while the remainder are registered
directly with the ISTT.
In memoriam
Trent Ralston.
Born in Mount Vernon, Ohio, 11 July
1938, Mr Ralston was educated in Ohio,
where he attended Denison University
and Ohio State University. He then went
on to serve is the US Air Force Reserves.
Mr Ralston married Rita Molyet on
10 October 1964.
Mr Ralston was the past Chairman
of the North American Society for
Trenchless Technology (NASTT) and the
first ever recipient of the NASTT Lifetime
Achievement Award. The award is the
Society’s highest award for individual
achievement.
Executive Director of the NASTT Mike
Willmets said “The entire NASTT family
is deeply saddened by the loss of Trent
Ralston and we express our deepest
sympathies to his wife Rita and his family.
The trenchless industry owes much to
this insightful man who gave freely of his
time and energy, serving for more than six
years on the NASTT Board of Directors
and eventually as our Chairman in 1999.
Trent was a staunch advocate of progress
and could be best described as a visionary.
We shall miss this true gentleman and
we honour him for his guidance, his passion
and his friendship.”
With over 30 years in the pipeline
construction and rehabilitation industries,
Mr Ralston was an entrepreneur in the
trenchless industry and held a number
of patents on robotic sealing devices.
He was founder and president of TRB
Speciality Rehabilitation Inc, which he
sold upon his retirement in 1999.
Mr Ralston was a gracious man with a
great sense of humour. His contribution
to both the business world and his community
will long be remembered.
Mr Ralston is survived by his wife of
45 years, Rita; his daughter and son-inlaw;
and his three grandchildren.
Trent Ralston and the past Chair’s of the NASTT in Toronto for the
International No-Dig in March 2009.
ISTT Membership/Directory
Please complete the following form.
Please note: Entry in the ISTT Directory is free to Corporate
Members but only if the Industry Sector is completed.
Alternatively, you can fill in this form online at www.istt.com
MEMBERSHIP TYPE
Corporate Membership
COMPANY DETAILS
Company/Organisation Name:
Name of Affiliate:
Please write ISTT if there is not an ISTT Affiliate in your country.
CONTACT DETAILS
Title:
First Name:
Trenchless technology covers the repair, maintenance, upgrade and new
installation of underground utility services using equipment and techniques
which avoid or considerably reduce the need for excavation. The ISTT promotes
research, training and the more extensive use of trenchless technology
through publications, co-operation with other NGOs, an annual international
conference and an interactive website.
Trenchless technology is recognised as an Environmentally Sustainable
Technology and is particularly suited for use in densely populated urban
areas by reducing disruption to peoples daily lives, social costs (traffic congestion,
damage to road surfaces and buildings, air quality), noise and dust.
Trenchless technologies also have a considerably reduced carbon footprint
compared to trenching in most situations.
Ordinary Membership
Last Name:
INDUSTRY SECTOR
Please select the industry sector that
best describes your company. Multiple
selections can be made. Please check all
relevant boxes.
Agent
Consultant
Contractor
Site Survey / Inspection /
Leakage Detection
Off Line Installation / Replacement
Moling / Ramming
Boring / Directional Drilling
Pipe jacking / Microtunnelling
On Line Replacement –
Pipe Bursting / Splitting / Eating
Repairs
Internal Sleeves / Seals
Resin Injection
Robotic Repairs
Renovation
Cured in Place
Sliplining (incl. spiral wound)
the international society for trenchless technology
Position:
Close Fit Lining
January 2010 - Trenchless International
Department:
Address:
City:
State/County:
Zip/Postal Code:
Country:
Telephone:
Email:
Website:
Fax:
Spray Lining
Large diameter Systems
(incl. segment lining, in situ lining
and manholes)
Equipment / Materials Supplier /
Manufacturer
Equipment Rental
Public Sector / Utility
Water / Sewerage
Gas
Electricity
Telecoms
Other
Education / Research /
Test Laboratory
Janaury January 2010 - Trenchless International
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61

the international society for trenchless technology
January 2010 - Trenchless International
Contacts and Addresses of Affiliated Societies
AATT
Osterreichische Vereinigung
fur grabenloses Bauen und
Instandhalten von Leitungen (OGL)
Schubertring 14A-1015 Wien
AUSTRIA
Tel: +43 1 513 15 88/26
Fax: +43 1 513 15 88/25
Email: boccioli@oegl.at
www.oegl.at
Chairman: Robert Selinger
Member Secretary: Ute Boccioli
Int. Representative: Ute Boccioli
(boccioli@oegl.at)
ABRATT
Al. Olga, 422 cj. 97
Barra Funda – CEP 0155-040
Sao Paulo - SP
BRAZIL
Tel: +55 (11) 3822 2084
Fax: +55 (11) 3825-2414
Email: secretaria@abratt.org.br
www.abratt.org.br
Chairman: Paulo Dequech
Member Secretary: Fábio Tesarotto
Int. Representative: Sergio Palazzo
(Fax: +55 19 3881 3933)
ASTT
18 Frinton Place
Greenwood
WA 6024
AUSTRALIA
Tel: +61 (0)8 9420 2826
Fax: +61 (0)8 9343 5420
Email: jeffpace@astt.com.au
www.astt.com.au
Chairman: Trevor Gosatti
Member Secretary: Jeff Pace
Int. Representative: Jeff Pace
(jeffpace@astt.com.au)
BATT
Koprinka Lake Village
Kazanlak
6100
BULGARIA
Tel: +359 2 4901381
Fax: +359 431 63776
Email: info@batt-bg.org
www.batt-bg.org
Chairman: Mr. Stefan Zhelyazkov
Member Secretary: Pavel Gruev
CHKSTT
10/F Hing Lung Commercial Building
68-74 Bonham Strand East
HONG KONG
Fax: +852 81487764
Email: info@chkstt.org
www.chkstt.org
Chairman: Jon Boon
(JBoon@insituform.com)
Int. Representative and ESC Member:
Derek Choi (derekchoi@balama.com)
Society Secretaries: Summer Lee
and Tony Lau
CTSTT
Rom 3150, 3F., No.3, Beiping W. Rd.,
Zhongzheng District,
Taipei
TAIWAN
Tel: :+886 2 2312 0709
Fax: +886 2 2362 1268
Email: anitawu@mail.water.gov.tw
Chairman: Liao, Tsung-Shen
General Secretary: Su, Jin-Long
(steven@mail.water.gov.tw)
Secretary: Anita Wu
(anitawu@mail.water.gov.tw)
Int. Representative: Prof. D.H Jlang
CzSTT
Bezova 1658/1
147 14 Praha 4
CZECH REPUBLIC
Tel: +420 244 062 722
Fax: +420 244 062 722
Email: office@czstt.cz
www.czstt.cz
Chairman: Stanislav Drabek
(czstt@czn.cz)
Member Secretary: Dr Jiri Kubalek
(czstt@czn.cz)
Int. Representative: Stanislav Drabek
FiSTT
Pl 493
00101 Helsinki
FINLAND
Tel: +358 5 7495091
Fax: +358 5 7495010
Email: jani.vakeva@kymenvesi.fi
www.fistt.net
Chairman: Mikko Isakow
(mikko.isakow@kouvola.fi)
Int. Representative: Mikko Isakow
Member Secretary: Mika Nevala
(mika.nevala@poyry.com)
FSTT
4 rue des Beaumonts
F-94120 Fontenay Sous Bois
FRANCE
Tel: +33 1 53 99 90 20
Fax: +33 1 53 99 90 29
Email: fstt.paris@wanadoo.fr
www.fstt.org
Chairman: Patrice Dupont (President)
Executive Director: Dominique Guillerm
(dguillerm.fstt@aliceadsl.fr)
Int. Representative: Jean-Marie Joussin
(jeanmarie.joussin@hobas.com)
General Secretary: Christian Legaz
(christian.legaz-avr@wanadoo.fr)
Treasurer: Jérôme Aubry
(jaubry@chantiers-modernes.fr)
GSTT
Messedamm 22
D-14055 Berlin
GERMANY
Tel: +49 30 3038 2143
Fax: +49 30 3038 2079
Email: beyer@gstt.de
www.gstt.de
Chairman: Prof. Dipl-Ing Jens Hoelterhoff
Member Secretary: Dr Klaus Beyer
Secretary: Dr Klaus Beyer
Int. Representative: Dr Klaus Beyer
No-Dig 2011: Dagmar Eichom
IATT
Via Ruggero Fiore, 41
00136 Rome
ITALY
Tel: +39 06 39721997
Fax:+39 06 91254325
Email: iatt@iatt.it
www.iatt.it
Chairman: Paolo Trombetti
(paolo.trombetti@telecomitalia.it)
Member Secretary: Françoise Roccetti Hudebine
(iatt@iatt.it)
Int. Representative: Alessandro Olcese
(2005emanuele@alice.it)
Secretary: Feliciano Esposto
(esposto.feliciano@virgilio.it)
IbSTT
C/ Josefa Valcarcel,
8 – 3a PTLA.
28027 Madrid
SPAIN
Tel: +34 91 418 23 44
Fax: +34 91 418 23 41
Email: ibstt@ibstt.org
www.ibstt.org
Chairman: Alfredo Avello
Member Secretary: Elena Zuniga Alcon
Int. Representative: Alfredo Avello
JSTT
3rd Nishimura BLDG.
2-11-18 Tomioka
Koto-ku
TOKYO, 135-0047
JAPAN
Tel: +81 3 5639 9970
Fax: +81 3 5639 9975
Email: office@jstt.jp
www.jstt.jp
Chairman: Mr Taigo Matsui
(office@jstt.jp)
Executive Secretary: Yoshihiko Nojiri
(nojiri@jstt.jp)
Member Secretary: Kyoko Kondo
(kondo@jstt.jp)
LIATT
V.Gerulaicio str. 1
LT-08200 Vilnius
Lithuania
Tel: +370 5 2622621
Fax: +370 5 2617507
Email: arturas.abromavicius@sweco.lt
Chairman: Arturas Abromavicius (President)
Member Secretary: Arturas Abromavicius
Int. Representative: Arturas Abromavicius
Chairman of Council: Algirdas Budreckas
NASTT
1655 North Fort Myer Drive Ste 700
Arlington
Virginia 22209
USA
Tel: +1 703 351 5252 (US)
+1 613 424 3036 (Canada)
Fax: +1 613 424 3037
(also Membership)
Email: info@nastt.org
www.nastt.org
Chairman &
Int. Representative: Chris Brahler
(cbrahler@tttechnologies.com)
Vice Chairman: George Regula
Treasurer: Kaleel Rahaim
Secretary: Keith Hanks
(keith.hanks@lacity.org)
Executive Director: Mike Willmets
(mwillmets@nastt.org)
Assistant Executive Director:
Angela Ghosh
(aghosh@nastt.org)
ESC Member: Dr Samuel Ariaratnam
NSTT
Postbus 483
2700 AL Zoetermeer
THE NETHERLANDS
Tel: +31 (0)79 3252265
Fax: +31 (0)79 3252294
Email: info@nstt.nl
www.nstt.nl
Chairman: Theo Everaers
(mjceveraers@evenco.nl)
Secretary: Jelle de Boer
(J.deBoer@bouwendnederland.nl)
Int. Representative:Gerard (Gert) Arends
(g.arends@citg.tudelft.nl)
PFTT
25-001 Kielce 1 skr. Poczt. 1453
POLAND
Tel: +48 41 3424 450 (600328459)
Email: akulicz@tu.kielce.pl
www.pftt.pl
Chairman: Andrzej Kuliczkowski
Vice Chairman: Benedykt Lipczynski
Member Secretary: Anna Parka
(parkaa@tu.kielce.pl.)
Int. Representative: Andrzej Kuliczkowski
Secretary: Agata Zwierzchowska
RSTT
Moscow area, Odintsovskii region,
Marfino, 99, 143025,
RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Tel: +7 (495) 771 71 00
Fax: +7 (495) 771 71 00
Email: np-robt@mail.ru, robt@co.ru
www.robt.ru
Chairman: Stanislav Khramenkov
Member Secretary: Elena Gusenkova
Int. Representative: Andrey Sinitsyn
SASTT
PO Box 13048
CLUBVIEW
0014
South Africa
Tel: +27 (12) 567 4026
Fax: +27 (12) 567 4026 (ask for Fax)
Email: director@sastt.org.za
www.sastt.org.za
Chairman: Johann Wessels
Honorary Director: Joop van Wamelen
Member Secretary: Joop van Wamelen
SSTT
Box 7072
S-174 07 Stockholm
Sweden
Tel: +46 8 522 122 90
Fax: + 46 8 522 122 02
Email: lennart.berglund@stockholmvatten.se
www.sstt-skandinavien.com
Chairman: Magnar Sekse
(magnar.sekse@bergen.kommune.no)
Vice Chairman: Gerda Hald
(gh@ov.dk)
Secretary (SSTT): Lennart Berglund
(lennart.berglund@stockholmvatten.se)
Member Secretary (Danish):
Tina Juul Madsen (tjm@wtc.dk)
Member Secretary (Norweigan):
Odd Lieng (odd.lieng@rorsenter.no)
Member Secretary (Swedish): Kjell Frödin
(kjell@vretmaskin.se)
UAMTT
9A R.Karmen Str.
Odessa 65044
UKRAINE
Tel: (380 482) 356305
Fax: (380 482) 356305
Email: no_dig@blacksea.od.ua
www.no-dig.odessa.ua
Chairman: Victor Prokopchuk
ESC Member: Olga Martynyuk
(Olga_marty@ukr.net)
UKSTT
38 Holly Walk
Leamington Spa
Warwickshire
CV32 4LY
UK
Tel: +44 (0)1926 330 935
Fax: +44 (0)1926 330 935
Email: admin@ukstt.org.uk
www.ukstt.org.uk
Chairman: Steve Kent
(steve.kent@pipe-equipment.co.uk)
(Tel: 01642 769 789)
Member Secretary: Val Chamberlain
(admin@ukstt.org.uk)
(Tel: 01926 330 935)
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