SUFFiciENcy EcONOMy ANd GRASSROOtS DEvElOPMENt

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322 The Meaning of Sufficiency Economy International Conference JFM emerged as a tool for improving the socio-economic status of the forest dependent communities. This concept work with dual benefits, first it provide livelihood to the local people and halt the migration and second, it removes the pressure from the forest and help in the protection and development of forest. Uttarakhand is at second place in term of number of villages which have taken up joint forest management in India. 2) Van Panchayats In 2001, after the formation of the state of Uttarakhand, the Van Panchayat Rules were further amended to provide a greater role to the Forest Department in the functioning of the Van Panchayats. The main functions of Van Panchayats are as follows: a) To develop and protect forests by preventing indiscriminate felling of trees and to fell only those trees that are marked by the forest department and are useful for silviculture. b) To ensure that there is no encroachment on Van Panchayati land and no violation of rules under the Kumaon and Sodic Land Act of 1948 and that no land is encroached on for agricultural practices without prior permission. c) To construct and fix boundary pillars and to maintain them. d) To carry out the directives of the Sub-Divisional Magistrate in developing and protecting forests. e) To distribute its produce amongst right holders in an equitable manner. 20 per cent of the area of the forest must be closed for grazing every year. The Van Panchayats manage forest lands under their control and members are entitled to rights; earlier, landless villagers had also been given the rights of users. The Forest Department provides necessary technical help in the management of panchayati forests. The share of forest panchayat income is about 80 per cent of the total produce. So far, 5.45 lakh ha land has been brought under Van Panchayats for which an amount of Rs. 732.04 lakh has been created as part of the Van Panchayat Fund. The total funds available for each Van Panchayat works out to Rs. 6,065.45 or Rs. 13.43 per ha which appears to be highly (State Focus Paper, 2007-08, NABARD). 3) Education Crucial for social development is the development of women, youth and children of the society. It is important to address women’s development and raise awareness through education; the development of youths should focus on further training, providing employment opportunities, and making then self-reliant. They should be able to get both self-employment and wage employment. Children are the
The Meaning of Sufficiency Economy International Conference 323 future of the state and thus their education must be emphasised. This will also help reduce and eradicate poverty in a phased planned manner. Various programs like RIGHT TO EDUCATION, Prodh Shiksha Kendra for aged persons has been launched to increase the literacy rate in the India. 4) National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) It was launched in April 2005 (in the Tenth Plan) for a period of seven years (2005-12) with a view to bringing about dramatic improvement in the health system and the health status of people in the country. Beside this government has launched various schemes like free medicine for TB and other diseases, free vaccination for the polio and other diseases. Government also provide monetary reward to the ladies who are willing to do delivery of child in the hospital or primary health care situated in the village. 5) NREGA (National Rural Employment Guarantee Act) This scheme was launched by government of India with the vision of providing at least 100 day employment in the local area in order to put a halt on the migration. This scheme has been seen as a successful. 6) Nurseries Decentralised nurseries have been encouraged in many villages to raise good quality saplings. Apart from reducing carriage costs the more important objective is to encourage people and institutions to raise their own plants to meet their own requirements and to be self-reliant in the long run. Decentralised nurseries are in the forefront of providing information regarding the time and techniques of seed collection and nursery techniques of many tree species. There are currently 15 nurseries in the villages. These schemes deal with the factors responsible for the migration of the local peoples (Fig 1). In order to know the impact of these schemes a survey has been conducted. Survey has been conducted in the villeges of the Almorah (Lilam, Bogdyar, Rilgiri, and Burphu). Question on the following factors has been asked to know the real impact of these schems discussed above. 1) Education 2) health 3) employment, 4) credit facilities 5) skill development
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SUFFiciENcy EcONOMy ANd GRASSROOtS DEvElOPMENt

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