SUFFiciENcy EcONOMy ANd GRASSROOtS DEvElOPMENt

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304 The Meaning of Sufficiency Economy International Conference Introduction Tha Kham sub-district is a small area, approximately 33.92 kilometer square or 21,200 Rai, located in Haad Yai district, Songkhla province and consists of 8 villages. The TAO’s local development initiative is well-known thanks to the vision of Mr. Sinthop Intharat, the governor of TAO Tha Kham, who has become a famed local administrative executive official. (Supitcha Chantapa, B.E.2554: 1) The initiative originated with TAO Tha Kham being one of 101 sub-districts selected as a pilot project for the Sufficiency Economy community model. This project was initiated in B.E. 2542. The community scheme was funded by UNDP and carried out by the village fund association and the department of agricultural extension of the Ministry of Agriculture. This community scheme was carried out in collaboration with the community leadership, local people, and TAO Tha Kham, which collected and disseminated the data. The objective was to develop a “Learning Community”. The main focus was on the development of human capabilities before material development. Eventually, the upgrading of human capital constituting the initial development efforts yielded fruitful results. In the 3-year plan B.E.2553-2555 the development efforts shifted to participative administration, empowerment, public health, moral society, and use of natural resources according to the philosophy of sufficiency economy. The TAO governor intended to implement practical steps in line with the philosophy to foster economic development. For instance, the locals had acquired the knowledge from the agricultural officer to prevent pest from destroying their produce, which increased productivity and earnings. This knowledge was refined through a synergy of efforts: the community has developed so-called “occupational groups” each specializing on a specific activity, such as breeding techniques, production of bio-fertilizer. These activities were assisted by the agricultural officer. The Thai agricultural officer moreover helped with settin the price for agricultural output, the establishment of a local community rice mill, the manufacturing of biofertilizer, and community plantation. Funds were provided by the village bank, the local savings group, and the local social welfare fund group. Eco-tourism activities considering the local ecological conditions have been developed as well. Development Strategy of Self Sufficiency Economy Philosophy of Tambon Administration Organization of Tha Kham The TAO Tha Kham has laid down its commitment to develop according to Sufficiency Economy principles in its 3-year project scheme (B.E.2553-2555). It includes the following activities and objectives:
The Meaning of Sufficiency Economy International Conference 305 1. Formation of occupational groups including the following activities: 1.1 Raising fish, animal breeding, organic agriculture. The knowledge about these techniques should be disseminated and serve to increase output and revenue, as well as strengthen the community in the long term. 1.2 Provision of seeds, animals, material/durables to accommodate each occupation. 1.3 A campaign for crop and animal protection by eliminating pests and vermin. 1.4 Financial support from the state or from the private sector for activities that yield public benefit. The objective is to support the ongoing activities of different groups. 1.5 Establishing 3 agricultural demonstration plots: These would serve as demonstration sites to disseminate agricultural techniques to the public. 1.6 Promotion of organic farming in order to make the community rely less on chemical substances. 1.7 Organize an “agriculture day” for the sub-district of Tha Kham in order to promote the occupation groups and to foster exchange among these different groups (synergy). 1.8 Improvement of the technology dissemination center of sub-district Tha Kham in order to make use of it as an agricultural information center and a training site for the people. 2. Supporting & empowering of community enterprise to upgrade the management skills of the local community. 3. Promote saving and simultaneously decrease expenses. 3.1 Make a household accounting list so as to track income revenue and expense. 4. Training seminar and examination in order to create community resilience. Social Capital of Tha Kham Tambon Community This above strategy illustrates the commitment of Tha Kham sub-district to develop according to Suffiiciency Economy principles. It thus has become a model project for the whole kingdom. Tha Kham owes its success to the development of social capital, which is understood of consisting in human capital, institution capital, cultural capital, and local wisdom. In the following section the author will examine each item.
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SUFFiciENcy EcONOMy ANd GRASSROOtS DEvElOPMENt

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