SUFFiciENcy EcONOMy ANd GRASSROOtS DEvElOPMENt

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298 The Meaning of Sufficiency Economy International Conference • Sensitising central bankers and regulators on the special needs of lowincome women and related technology; • Encouraging standards for gender in regulatory reporting of performance. 3. Support Demonstration Pilots on Financing for Gender Equality Governments and donors could initiate action pilots to test out new models, new methodologies and new products like micro-pensions, alternative savings products, technology-based delivery systems (including SMS banking and use of e- money – see the huge success of Vodafone with the poor in Africa), special products for women, flexible versus fixed repayment, individual lending models, cash flowbased financing, etc. These could be supported through the Global Challenge Fund as well as locally supported, in the country, by national governments and donors. Pilots could include: • Special financial products for women; • Delivery of risk management products tailored to the special needs of low-income women; • Transactions cost reducing technology pilots; • Encouraging public-private partnerships to overcome market imperfections; • Enabling livelihood financing for women through larger loans/ individual lending.
The Meaning of Sufficiency Economy International Conference 299 REFERENCES Bell, Clive (1990) “Interactions between Institutional and Informal Credit Agencies in Rural India”, World Bank economic Review, 4,3, 297-327. Besley, Timothy (1994) “How Do Market Failures Justify Interventions in Rural Credit Markets?”, World Bank Research Observer, 9,1, 27-47. Daley Harris.S (2006) State of the Microcredit Summit Report, 2006, Washington DC, Microcredit Summit Campaign. Dunford, Christopher (2006) Evidences of Microfinance’s Contribution to achieving the Millennium Development Goals, Paper presented at the Global Microcredit Summit, Halifax, Canada, November, 12-15, 2006. Goldberg, Nathan (2005) Measuring the Impact of Microfinance: Taking Stock of What We Know, Grameen Foundation, USA. Hermes Niels and Robert Lensink (2007) “The Empirics of Microfinance: What Do We Know?”, Economic Journal, 117-517, F1 – F10. Morduch, Jonathan (1999) “The Microfinance Promise”, Journal of Economic Literature, 37, 4, 1569-1614. Bhole.L.M and Bhavani.R.V (1995) Structuring Rural Credit System – Issues and an alternatives, Man and Development, September, p.48. Kirsch, Ottfried C., Benjacor and L.Sehujmann (1980) The Role of Self Help Groups in Rural Development. Publication of the Research Centre for International Agrarian Development, Verlag Breitenbach. Panjatan Drioadisuryo, D.M. Rosltan and Kathleen Clod (1999) “Gender, selfemployment and Micro-credit Programmes” Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Vol.39. Rais Ahmed (2009) Micro Finance and Women Empowerment, Mittal Publications, New Delhi.
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SUFFiciENcy EcONOMy ANd GRASSROOtS DEvElOPMENt

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