SUFFiciENcy EcONOMy ANd GRASSROOtS DEvElOPMENt

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294 3. Expansion in employment 4. No Change in employment position The Meaning of Sufficiency Economy International Conference 33 20 57 40 46 114 Total 100 95 206 Source: Field data Note: Figures given in parenthesis indicate percentage. 100 (27.42) 200 (49.88) 401 (100.00) 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Unemployment to self – employment Wage employment to self – employment Expansion in employment No Change in employment position SHGs – NGOs H.D.Kote SHGs – NGOs of K.R.Nagar SHGs – NGOs Mysore Change in Household Employment and Income: An integrated approach of Change in Household Employment and Income: An integrated approach of microfinance could be be to to engage in hybrid programmes – microfinance-plusapproach, where the microfinance intermediary itself itself or or a a collaborating organism offers financial services in combination with other complementary services, such as offers financial services in combination with other complementary services, such as training in enterprise management, education in health and nutrition. This approach training would allow in enterprise the vulnerable management, poor microfinance education in health clientele and to nutrition. expand This their approach economic would basis or allow income). the vulnerable poor microfinance clientele to expand their economic basis or income). Change in Household Assets The studies showed that the participation in microfinance programme led to 18 improvement in financial assets, enterprise assets, household physical assets, human assets, social assets, etc. The introduction of compulsory or voluntary savings in microfinance leads to higher rates of savings (Barnes, 2001). The cross county study on impact of microfinance on acquisition of durable assets found that extremely poor households acquired household accessories like, stove, refrigerator, electronics appliances, modes of transport, etc. (ibid). In India, Chen and Snodgrass (2001) find a positive impact on spending for home improvement among all borrowers. Borrowers with multiple sequential loans spend significantly more on housing improvements, appliances and transport equipment’s than the nonmembers of microfinance programme (Barnes, 2001). The microfinance programme has created and nurtured the habit of thrift and savings in the members. There were only 6.3 and 1.9 per cent of the microfinance members in H.D.Kote and K.R.Nagar who were saving prior to joining the microfinance. However, in the post microfinance all the members are having compulsory savings accounts. The mean savings were Rs. 1593 and Rs.1110 per
The Meaning of Sufficiency Economy International Conference 295 annum in H.D.Kote and K.R.Nagar, respectively. Another key financial asset was the insurance premium of the household members. In the sample, 8.2 and 7.5 per cent of the members in H.D.Kote and K.R.Nagar had the insurance cover (policy) before their memberships in microfinance programme. However, in the post microfinance programme, 100 and 43.4 per cent of the members in H.D.Kote and K.R.Nagar were having the insurance coverage. Table - 8 Number of Households Possessing Various Types of Physical Assets Number of Households Types of Physical assets H.D.Kote K.R.Nagar Total (N=401) Yes No Yes No Yes No Land 98 (61.6) 61 (38.4) 64 (40.3) 95 (59.7) 162 (50.9) 156 (49.1) Livestock 94 (59.1) 65 (40.9) 79 (49.7) 80 (50.3) 173 (54.4) 145 (45.6) Electronics 139 (87.4) 20 (12.6) 85 (53.5) 74 (46.5) 224 (70.4) 94 (29.6) Vehicles 19 (12.0) 140 (80.0) 4 (2.5) 155 (97.5) 23 (7.2) 295 (92.8) Tools and Equipments 10 (6.3) 149 (93.7) 5 (3.1) 154 (96.9) 15 (4.7) 303 (95.3) Others (gold, petty shop) 84 (52.8) 75 (47.2) 40 (25.2) 119 (74.8) 124 (39) 194 (61) Note: Figures in parenthesis denote percentage to the total number of households Source: Primary Survey. Major Findings of the Study Based on the analysis and discussion the following findings have been drawn. 1. The occupation status of the respondents reveal that, out of 401 members agricultural labours with/ without animal husbandry activities form the single largest majority (81.79%). It is also found that 92% of the members are Hindus followed by 6.48% of Christians. 2. Initially the groups which emerged naturally consisted of members who came forward voluntarily. Invariably the poorest people were diffident and unwilling to join the groups. But on seeing the successful experience of the other members the poor agreed to form groups. Keeping the criteria of family income of Rs.11,000/- as the cut off point, it is found that 54.11% of the total members are below the poverty line. The poorest with annual income below Rs.6,000/- are found more among the group members of MYRADA (21.05%). Vikasana (18%) and Pragathi (17.78%).
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SUFFiciENcy EcONOMy ANd GRASSROOtS DEvElOPMENt

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