SUFFiciENcy EcONOMy ANd GRASSROOtS DEvElOPMENt

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258 The Meaning of Sufficiency Economy International Conference 9. The average rural population density according to the Census estimates indicates roughly around 1500 people/village. A village is further broken down into ten communities – each consisting of 150 people. According to EIA (2008), India has 50.5 W energy consumption per capita. This implies that average community requirements would be around 7.5 kW capacity. The peak demand is extrapolated to 10 kW for capacity purpose, which can be handled by bio-diesel generator backup in case of lesser generation. 10. In a day, it was found that on an average 181.8 kWh ((50.5/1000) x 24 x 150) was required. For simulation, we halved the value to 90.9 kWh for simulation, thus providing electricity for atleast 12 hours. The remainder could be supplied by biodiesel generator set and battery back-up. 11. The plant starts its operation in FY 2009-2010. It is assumed to have been ready for start-up at the starting of the same fiscal year. 12. For generating electricity from biogas, it was found that on an average 1 cum (cubic meters) of biogas is produced by excreta of 35 people/day (Jha 2005). 13. 1600 cum of biogas is produced by 20 tonnes of biomass waste. (MNRE 2006) 14. 1 cum of biogas generates 4.7 kWh (NABARD 2007). 1 kWh is generated by 0.21 cum of biogas. 15. The current delivery cost of Solar PV is Rs. 18.44 kWh. 16. The current delivery cost of Wind is 4.5 Rs./kWh with 4.5% escalation. 17. The current delivery cost of Biomass is 4.2 Rs./kWh with 1.2% escalation. 18. The current cost of delivery for proposed hybrid system is considered to be same as that of the Solar Wind hybrid: 9 Rs./kWh (DST 2011) On the basis of the above assumptions, we have developed four scenarios for simulating payback and comparing the proposed model with individual technologies. We now calculate the Power Plant’s Capacity required meeting the local energy demand in each of these scenarios. Case I: All the Energy Demand is met by Local Solar PV Power Plant Installation Calculations: • 1 kWp of Solar PV generates 3.5 – 4.5 units (kWh)/day. (DOT 2008) • Average units generated / day = 4 kWh • Total requirement in our model = 90.9 kWh • => Capacity of Solar PV to be installed = 90.9/4 = 22.7 ~ 23 kW
The Meaning of Sufficiency Economy International Conference 259 Case II: All the Energy Demand is met by Local Wind Power Plant Installation Calculations: • 1 KW WTG generates around 3 – 3.2 units (KWh) per day. (DOT 2008) • Average units generated / day = 3.1 kWh • Total requirement in our model = 90.9 kWh • => Capacity of Wind Turbine to be installed = 90.9/3.1 = 29.3 ~ 30 kWp Case III: All the Energy Demand is met by Local Biomass Power Plant Installation Calculations: • Human excreta of 150 users of community latrine will produce = 150/35 = 4.3 cum biogas • 4.3 cum biogas will generate (1/0.21)*4.3 = 20.5 kWh • Capacity needed = 90.9 kWh. Demand Unmet = 90.9-20.5 = 70.4 kWh • 70.4 kWh is to be met by other bio-mass, which implies 14.8 cum of biogas • 14.8 cum of biogas implies (20/1600) = 185 kg of biomass. • 4 cum is generated by 10-12 heads (MNRE 2006). 14.8 cum of biogas will be generated by the excreta of 41 cattle heads. This may be possible. • Hence, mixed waste digester required. => 90.9/24 = 3.8 kW ~ 4 kWp capacity is required. Case IV: All the Energy Demand is met by the Proposed Local Alternative Energy Solution Hybrid Power Plant Installation Calculations: • 1.2 kWp of Biomass plant is taken, which can be managed with the population on 150 users and assuming additional agricultural / animal waste equivalent to that of 35 users. This will generate 24 kWh. • Required Units = 90.9 – 24 = 66.9 ~ 67 kWh. • The rest are generated by Wind of 13 kW and Solar of 7 kW capacity. • This implies Wind to Solar ratio as 1.85, which is greater than 1.
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SUFFiciENcy EcONOMy ANd GRASSROOtS DEvElOPMENt

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